Table 1.

Partial correlation between Cd accumulation and maximum life span taking body mass into account in captive (zoo) and wild animals

Dataset	NKN1	CEETV dataset2	Frank 19863	Eisler’s compendium
Vertebrate	Mammal and bird species	Mammal and bird species	Mammal and bird species	Mammal and bird species
Method	AAS	Various	AAS	Various
Geography	Japan	N. America	Sweden	Marine
Age	Adult	Adult	Any	Adult
Status	Captive	Wild	Wild	Wild
Sex	Combined/split	Combined	Combined	Combined
Kidney
Mammals (n)*	53	11	11	25
Pearson r	0.51 (< 0.001)	0.78 (< 0.01)	0.12 (0.72)	0.08 (0.69)
Birds (n)*	Not used	31	29	0
Pearson r	NA	0.23 (0.20)	− 0.30 (0.11)	NA
Males (n)*	32	NA	NA	NA
Pearson r	0.43 (< 0.05)	NA	NA	NA
Females (n)*	44	NA	NA	NA
Pearson r	0.62 (< 0.0001)	NA	NA	NA
Liver
Mammals (n)*	53	11	11	20
Pearson r	0.50 (< 0.001)	0.36 (0.27)	0.25 (0.45)	− 0.06 (0.79)
Birds (n)*	Not used	39	29	11
Pearson r	NA	0.42 (0.42)	− 0.24 (0.21)	0.39 (0.23)
Males (n)*	32	NA	NA	NA
Pearson r	0.55 (< 0.01)	NA	NA	NA
Females (n)*	44	NA	NA	NA
Pearson r	0.58 (< 0.0001)	NA	NA	NA

¹Animals died of predominantly natural causes. In this study, we pooled and reanalyzed data from Ninomiya et al. [58], Koizumi et al. [44], and Ninomiya et al. [59]. For our analyses, we did not use the birds included in one of these studies as only five species were included

²CEETV is a “contaminant database,” hence results may be more heterogeneous than for other datasets

³Animals were found dead and the post-mortem delay is not known, making interpretation difficult

^*Most, but not all, species are represented by more than one individual; thus for some dataset, the sum of the numbers reported for females and males may be higher than the total number (see Supplementary Information 1)

All p-values are indicated in parentheses. Significant p-values (< 0.05) are in bold. NA, not enough data available; AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry