Table 1.

Patient characteristics and surgical data (n=149)

Characteristic	Value
Age (yr)	59 ± 13
Female sex	98 (66)
Etiology
Multiple	51 (34)
Listhesis	32 (22)
Disc herniation	21 (14)
Degenerative disc disease	18 (12)
Stenosis	16 (11)
Other	11 (7)
Carlson Comorbidity Index	2± 2
ASA PS classification	2± 1
Surgery time (min)	177 ± 51
Interbody cage	118 (79)
Minimal invasive	4 (3)
Instrumented vertebra	3 (3–4)
Length of stay	4 (4–6)
Follow-up (mo)	21 ± 14
Previous spine surgery	64 (43)

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation, number (%), or median (interquartile range).

ASA PS, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status.