AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Correction for “The persistent threat of emerging plant disease pandemics to global food security,” by Jean B. Ristaino, Pamela K. Anderson, Daniel P. Bebber, Kate A. Brauman, Nik J. Cunniffe, Nina V. Fedoroff, Cambria Finegold, Karen A. Garrett, Christopher A. Gilligan, Christopher M. Jones, Michael D. Martin, Graham K. MacDonald, Patricia Neenan, Angela Records, David G. Schmale, Laura Tateosian, and Qingshan Wei, which published May 21, 2021; 10.1073/pnas.2022239118 (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 118, e2022239118).
The authors note that Table 1 appeared incorrectly. In the third column, first row, “Panama disease F. odoratissimum (TR4)” should instead appear as “F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (TR4).” The corrected table appears below. The online version has been corrected.
Table 1.
Impact of emerging plant diseases on four components of food security on key food and subsistence crops
| Component | Definition | Example of a plant disease | Consequence |
| Availability | The existence of food in a particular place and time | F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (TR4) | Cavendish banana, a key food source for many smallholder farmers, is threatened by TR4 race of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense that migrated from southeast Asia to Mozambique (19, 20). The disease could eliminate production of the crop in the some areas of the world. |
| Access | The ability of a person or group to obtain food | Cassava mosaic disease caused by East African CMV (EACMV-!UG2) | A strain of a CMV caused huge losses and cassava fields were abandoned in sub-Saharan Africa. Food shortages and famine-related deaths occurred in Uganda due to dependence on cassava (21). |
| Utilization | The ability to use and obtain nourishment from food (includes food nutritional value assimilation of nutrients) | Mycotoxins on corn caused by A. flavus and Fusarium species | Eighty-seven percent of East Kenyan corn mills had over the legal limit of fumonisins in corn (22). Consuming fumonosin-affected corn affects nutritional value of corn and is carcinogenic. |
| Stability | The absence of significant fluctuation in availability, access and utilization | Coffee rust | Coffee yields reduced by 16–31% in Central and South America. Low price of coffee and lack of inputs such as new varieties and fungicides exacerbated disease (16, 17). Smallholder income was lost for food purchases and stability of the commodity in the region was threatened. |
| H. vastatrix |