Table 1.
Characteristics of children with COVID-19 and MIS-C.
| Control | Acute | Convalescent | MIS-C | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n= 22 | n= 550 | n= 138 | n= 42 | |||
| Age, y, median (range) | 1.7 (1.0-5.5) | 3.0 (0.7-10.0) | 5 (1-12) | 5.0 (2.2-9.2) | ||
| <1 y, n (%) | 6 (27) | 186 (33) | 28 (20) | 5 (12) | *Ac vs Co, MI | |
| 1-5 y, n (%) | 11 (50) | 146 (27) | 47 (34) | 18 (43) | ||
| 6-10 y, n (%) | 3 (14) | 76 (14) | 16 (12) | 10 (24) | ||
| >10 y, n (%) | 2 (9) | 142 (26) | 47 (34) | 9 (21) | ||
| Sex, n (%) | ||||||
| Female | 10 (45) | 267 (49) | 67 (49) | 12 (29) | ||
| Male | 12 (55) | 283 (51) | 71 (51) | 30 (71) | ||
| Days after symptom onset (range) | N/A | 1 (1-3) | 31 (22-35) | 4.5 (2-5.7) | *Ac vs MI; Ac, ***MI vs Co | |
| SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivea, n (%) | N/A | 550 (100) | N/A | 17 (40) | ***Ac vs MIS-C | |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive, n (%) | 0 | 139 (25) | 87 (63) | 37 (88) | ****Ac vs Co, MI; **Co vs MI | |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody positive, n (%) | 0 | 191 (35) | 70 (50) | 23 (55) | ***Ac vs Co; **Ac vs MI | |
| Severity of illnessb, n (%) | N/A | N/A | ||||
| Asymptomatic | 84 (15.3) | 10 (7) | *Ac vs Co | |||
| Mild | 358 (65) | 88 (64) | ||||
| Moderate | 100 (18.2) | 31 (22) | ||||
| Severe | 8 (1.5) | 9 (7) | *Ac vs Co | |||
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
| None | 17 (77) | 442 (80) | 94 (68) | 35 (83) | *Ac vs Co | |
| Skin disease | 0 | 3 (0.5) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Heart disease | 0 | 9 (1.6) | 4 (3) | 0 | ||
| Renal disease | 0 | 9 (1.6) | 4 (3) | 0 | ||
| Lung disease | 0 | 43 (8) | 19 (14) | 1 (2.4) | *Ac vs Co; *Co vs MI | |
| Prematurity | 0 | 11 (2) | 6 (4.3) | 0 | ||
| Autoimmunity | 0 | 8 (1.5) | 2 (1.4) | 0 | ||
| Cancer | 0 | 14 (2.5) | 9 (7) | 2 (5) | ||
| Obesity | 2 (9) | 23 (4.2) | 7 (5) | 4 (10) | ||
| Undernutrition | 2 (9) | 11 (2) | 7 (5) | 0 | *Ctrl vs Ac, MI; *Ac vs Co | |
| Diabetes | 0 | 7 (1.3) | 2 (1.4) | 0 | ||
| Genetic disorder | 1 (5) | 5 (0.9) | 2 (1.4) | 0 | ||
| Coinfections, n (%) | ||||||
| None | 22 (100) | 527 (95.8) | 127 (92) | 40 (95) | ||
| Bacterial | 0 | 22 (4) | 10 (7.2) | 2 (5) | ||
| Viral | 0 | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.7) | 0 | ||
| PICU admission, n (%) | N/A | 12 (2) | 12 (9) | 28 (67) | *Ac vs Co; **Ac, Co vs MI | |
| Respiratory status, n (%) | ||||||
| Mechanical ventilation | 0 | 4 (0.6) | 5 (4) | 10 (24) | *Ac vs Co; *Ac, Co vs MI | |
| Oxygen requirement | 0 | 13 (2.4) | 16 (11) | 1 (2.4) | *Ac vs Co | |
| Room air | 22 (100) | 533 (97) | 117 (85) | 31 (73.6) | *Ac vs Co, MI |
Data are expressed as median values (IQR) unless otherwise indicated. Abbreviations: PICU, pediatric intensive care unit. a at time of blood collection. b at hospital admission. Only significant p values are shown. * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001, **** p<0.0001.