Table 3.
Second order Country, Research area, Document type, Funding, Opioid harms and Opioid tapering by time period (1975–1985, 1986–2003 and 2004–2019)
| Variable | Outcome | Total (%) | Number (%) 1975–1985 | Number (%) 1986–2003 | Number (%) 2004–2019 | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | United States | 1960 (57.7) | 244 (75.3) | 360 (49.7) ↓ | 1356 (57.7) | < 0.0001 |
| Canada | 216 (6.4) | 24 (7.4) | 50 (6.9) | 142 (6.0) | ||
| England | 211 (6.2) | 6 (1.8) | 91 (12.6) | 114 (4.8) | ||
| Germany | 181 (5.3) | 4 (1.2) | 57 (7.8) | 120 (5.1) | ||
| Australia | 170 (5.0) | 7 (2.2) | 40 (5.5) | 123 (5.2) | ||
| Sweden | 96 (2.8) | 26 (8.0) | 32 (4.4) | 38 (1.6) | ||
| Netherlands | 87 (2.6) | 2 (0.6) | 36 (5.0) | 49 (2.0) | ||
| Other | 477 (14.0) | 11 (3.4) | 58 (8.0) | 408 (17.4) | ||
| TOTAL | 3398 (100.0) | 324 (9.5) | 724 (21.3) | 2350 (69.2) | ||
| Research area | NEURO | 1224 (23.6) | 82 (17.2) | 308 (26.6) ↑ | 834 (23.6) | < 0.0001 |
| ANESTH | 1003 (19.4) | 76 (15.9) | 239 (20.6) ↑ | 688 (19.4) | ||
| GIM | 638 (12.3) | 24 (5.0) | 87 (7.5) | 527 (14.9) ↑ | ||
| PSYCH | 634 (12.2) | 170 (35.6) | 183 (15.8) ↓ | 281 (8.0) ↓ | ||
| REHAB | 303 (5.9) | 44 (9.2) | 94 (8.1) | 165 (4.7) ↓ | ||
| OTHER | 1366 (26.4) | 82 (17.2) | 246 (21.2) | 1038 (29.4) | ||
| Document type | Article | 2518 (74.1) | 238 (73.5) | 571 (78.9) | 1709 (72.7) | < 0.0001 |
| Review | 694 (20.4) | 69 (21.3) | 121 (16.7) | 504 (21.4) | ||
| Editorial | 149 (4.4) | 4 (1.2) | 22 (3.0) ↑ | 123 (5.2) ↑ | ||
| Other | 37 (1.1) | 13 (4.0) | 10 (1.4) | 14 (0.6) | ||
| Funding | Any industry | 165 (4.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 165 (7.0) | < 0.0001 |
| No industry | 1020 (30.0) | 19 (5.9) | 66 (9.1) | 935 (39.8) ↑ | ||
| Not reported | 2213 (65.1) | 305 (94.1) | 658 (90.9) | 1250 (53.2) ↓ | ||
| Reference to opioid harms | Agenda-setting | 997 (29.3) | 17 (5.2) | 109 (15.0) ↑ | 871 (37.1) ↑ | < 0.0001 |
| Mention only | 335 (9.9) | 11 (3.4) | 10 (1.4) | 314 (13.4) ↑ | ||
| No mention | 2066 (60.8) | 296 (91.4) | 605 (83.6) | 1165 (49.6) ↓ | ||
| Opioid tapering | Required | 2151 (63.3) | 184 (56.8) | 392 (54.1) | 1575 (67.0) ↑ | < 0.0001 |
| Not required | 1247 (36.7) | 140 (43.2) | 332 (45.9) | 775 (33.0) ↓ |
Bolding and arrows indicate trends of relevance
NEURO neuroscience/neurology, ANESTH anesthesia, GIM general internal medicine, PSYCH psychiatry/psychology, REHAB rehabilitation