Table 1. Patient characteristics.
Data expressed as n (%) unless otherwise specified.
SD: standard deviation; DPP: dipeptidyl peptidase; ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; IQR: interquartile range; ED: emergency department; IM: intramuscular; SC: subcutaneous; TXA: tranexamic acid; FFP: fresh frozen plasma.
| Total (n = 16) | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 64.3 (8.6) |
| Gender (male) | 10 (62.5) |
| Ethnicity | |
| African American | 5 (31) |
| Hispanic | 2 (13) |
| White | 9 (56) |
| Other | 0 (0) |
| Past medical history | |
| Venous thromboembolism | 0 (0) |
| Congestive heart failure | 1 (6) |
| Concomitant therapies | |
| DPP-IV inhibitor | 0 (0) |
| Calcium channel blocker | 4 (25) |
| Immunosuppressive therapy | 0 (0) |
| Tissue plasminogen activator | 0 (0) |
| Aliskiren | 0 (0) |
| Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug | 7 (44) |
| Estrogen-containing product | 0 (0) |
| Outpatient ACE inhibitor | |
| Lisinopril | 12 (75) |
| Lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide | 1 (6) |
| Amlodipine/benazepril | 3 (19) |
| Duration of ACE inhibitor use (months), median (IQR) | 22.5 (9 - 54.5) |
| Clinical presentation | |
| Erythema | 0 (0) |
| Dyspnea | 4 (25) |
| Abdominal pain | 0 (0) |
| Peripheral swelling | 0 (0) |
| Facial swelling | 16 (100) |
| Facial swelling distribution | |
| Tongue | 11 (69) |
| Lips | 5 (31) |
| Onset of symptoms to ED presentation (minutes), median (IQR) | 246 (150 - 697) |
| Medication administration | |
| Diphenhydramine | 13 (81) |
| Famotidine | 10 (63) |
| Methylprednisolone | 12 (75) |
| Nebulized racemic epinephrine | 3 (19) |
| IM epinephrine | 1 (6) |
| SC epinephrine | 1 (6) |
| TXA | 16 (100) |
| FFP | 4 (25) |