Table 3.
Clinical studies on critically ill patients with sepsis and septic shock.
| Patient | Intervention | Controls | Outcomes | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study Type | N (FMT/Controls)//Critically Ill) | Diagnosis | Age | Sex | Route of Administration | Frequency | Donor | No FMT Therapy | Beneficial | Adverse Events (Severe/Mild) | |
| R = Related, U = Unrelated, ? = Unknown; Fresh, Frozen, ? = Unknown | |||||||||||
| [93] | case series | 18/0 | Antibiotic-associated diarrhea, critical illness | 55 (2–91) | 12M/6F | Ug-Njt (13), Gfs (4), Lg-E (1) | 1 × 8 pt, 2 × 7 pt, 3 × 1 pt, 4 × 2 pt | U/? | Not applicable | ↓ SS, ↓ D, ↓ Ilf | x/7 pt (38.9%) FMT-related AEs (D,AS) |
| [90] | case report | 1/0 | Septic shock, watery diarrhea | 44 | 1W | Ug-Njt | 1 × 1 pt | R/Fresh | ↓ SS, ↓ D | x/no comment | |
| [91] | 2/0 | MODS, septic shock, severe diarrhea | 65, 84 | 2M | Ug-Ngi | 1 × 2 pt | U/? | ↓ SS, ↓ D, ↓ F | x/no comment | ||
| [92] | 1/0 | MODS, drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome | 32 | 1F | Ug-Ngi | 4×—every 6 days | U/? | ↓ SS, ↓ D | x/no comment | ||
| [94] | 1/0 | Septic shock, severe diarrhea, UC | 29 | 1F | Ug-Njt | 1 × 1 pt | ?/? | ↓ SS, ↓ D, ↓ F, ↓ Ilf | x/no comment | ||
| [95] | 1/0 | MDRO infection, septic shock | 57 | 1M | Ug-Peg | 1 × 1 pt | ?/? | ------ | the patient died the same day FMT was done | ||
| [28] | 1/0 | High-volume diarrhea (Apoptotic Enterocolitis) on ICU | 16 | 1F | Lg-C | 1 × 1 pt | R/? | ↓ D | x/no comment | ||
| [96] | 5/0 | MRSA enteritis, septic shock | 28 (19–45) | 3M/2F | Ug-Njt | 3×—once a day for 3 consecutive days | U and R/Fresh | ↓ AS, ↓ D | x/no comment | ||
| [97] | 1/0 | MDRO Klebsiella, MODS | 60 | 1M | Ug-Njt | 2×—repeated after two weeks. | R/? | ↓ SS, ↓ Ilf | x/no comment | ||
Note: x, none; pt, patient; D, diarrhea; F, fever; AS, abdominal symptoms; SS, septic symptoms; R, remission; M, mortality; Ilf, inflammatory laboratory findings; SA, surgery avoiding; sCDI, severe CDI; scCDI, severe complicated CDI; rCDI, recurrent CDI; fCDI, fulminant CDI; Vanco, vancomycin; Metro, metronidazole; FDX, fidaxomicin. SEX: F, female; M, male. Routed of FMT administration: Ug, upper GI; Lg, lower GI; Ngt, nasogastric tube; Ngi, nasogastric infusion; Njt, nasojejunal tube; Ent, enteroscopy; C, colonoscopy; S, sigmoidoscopy; E, enema; Caps, capsule. IBD, inflammatory bowel disease: UC, ulcerative colitis; MODS, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; MDRO, multidrug-resistant organism; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; ICU, intensive care unit.