Table 2.
Bone mineral density and related biochemical parameters before, 1 year, and 2 years after the heart transplant.
| Variables | Male (n = 60) | p-Value † | Female (n = 15) | p-Value † | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-Transplant Mean ± SD | 1-Y Post-Transplant Mean ± SD | 2-Y Post-Transplant Mean ± SD | Pre-Transplant Mean ± SD | 1-Y Post-Transplant Mean ± SD | 2-Y Post-Transplant Mean ± SD | |||
| Weight (kg) | 70.08 ± 13.24 a,* | 76.95 ± 14.95 b,* | 89.03 ± 12.40 b,* | <0.001 | 52.41 ± 12.56 a | 61.89 ± 17.61 b | 64.35 ± 18.97 b | 0.015 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.75 ± 4.43 a | 26.85 ± 5.37 b,* | 27.21 ± 5.15 b | 0.011 | 21.46 ± 5.20 a | 24.86 ± 6.52 b | 26.27 ± 7.27 b | 0.021 |
| DEXA parameters | ||||||||
| BMD lumbar spine (gm/cm2) | 1.07 ± 0.16 a,* | 1.02 ± 0.17 a,* | 0.99 ± 0.27 a,* | 0.231 | 0.95 ± 0.11 a | 0.93 ± 0.09 a | 1.09 ± 0.17 a | 0.247 |
| Lumbar spine Z-score | −0.28 ± 1.49 a | −0.66 ± 1.39 b,* | −0.50 ± 1.47 a | 0.019 | −0.12 ± 0.99 a | −1.02 ± 0.59 b | −0.80 ± 1.10 a | 0.016 |
| BMD femoral neck (gm/cm2) | 0.88 ± 0.33 a | 0.75 ± 0.35 b,* | 0.87 ± 0.25 a | 0.012 | 0.91 ± 0.12 a | 0.66 ± 0.38 a | 0.90 ± 0.13 a | 0.268 |
| Femoral neck Z-score | −0.09 ± 1.33 a,* | −0.56 ± 1.22 b,* | −0.47 ± 1.18 a,* | 0.106 | −0.10 ± 0.61 a | −0.78 ± 0.75 b | −0.36 ± 0.62 a | 0.007 |
| Biochemical parameters | ||||||||
| 25OHVD (nmol/L) | 22.07 ± 22.02 a | 54.79 ± 31.13 b,* | 70.05 ± 27.58 b,* | <0.001 | 27.20 ± 20.13 a | 37.80 ± 24.36 a | 58.20 ± 27.69 a | 0.143 |
| Vitamin D3 (nmol/L) | 17.07 ± 14.36 a | 40.44 ± 25.43 b,* | 64.00 ± 25.06 c | <0.001 | 17.80 ± 18.83 a | 32.47 ± 19.65 a | 51.21 ± 25.19 a | 0.145 |
| Intact parathyroid h (pmol/L) | 77.40 ± 53.88 a,* | 30.85 ± 39.41 b,* | 86.09 ± 35.36 c | 0.013 | 98.67 ± 55.93 a | 102.80 ± 18.10 a | 126.25 ± 61.1 b | 0.015 |
| ALP (U/L) | 103.70 ± 42.42 a,* | 94.55 ± 42.85 a,* | 81.71 ± 29.10 b | 0.026 | 89.00 ± 40.14 a | 65.00 ± 12.63 a | 63.80 ± 4.55 a | 0.449 |
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.18 ± 0.14 a,* | 2.26 ± 0.11 b,* | 2.27 ± 0.9 b,* | 0.024 | 2.25 ± 0.12 a | 2.17 ± 0.04 a | 2.02 ± 0.50 a | 0.449 |
| Phosphate (mmol/L) | 1.10 ± 0.30 a,* | 1.12 ± 0.18 a,* | 1.07 ± 0.16 a | 0.314 | 1.00 ± 0.44 a | 1.09 ± 0.25 a | 1.01 ± 0.34 a | 0.531 |
| Mg (mmol/L) | 0.88 ± 0.12 a,* | 0.72 ± 0.10 b | 0.64 ± 0.18 b | <0.001 | 0.91 ± 0.11 a | 0.71 ± 0.16 a | 0.62 ± 0.05 a | 0.074 |
| Creatinine (umol/L) | 95.85 ± 35.06 a,* | 108.25 ± 52.63 a,* | 95.67 ± 23.88 b | 0.819 | 79.00 ± 23.36 a | 80.40 ± 31.30 a | 79.00 ± 24.22 a | 0.437 |
| Urea (mmol/L) | 10.00 ± 6.33 a,* | 7.30 ± 3.04 b,* | 9.01 ± 10.55 b | 0.030 | 7.60 ± 3.21 a | 7.28 ± 2.82 a | 6.38 ± 1.63 a | 0.819 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 135.10 ± 7.40 a,* | 141.3 ± 2.92 a | 140.02 ± 3.44 a | 0.051 | 139.86 ± 9.21 a | 140.43 ± 2.23 a | 145.05 ± 4.34 a | 0.869 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.07 ± 0.64 a,* | 4.11 ± 0.35 a,* | 4.10 ± 0.15 a | 0.600 | 4.21 ± 0.58 a | 4.31 ± 0.40 a | 4.19 ± 0.39 a | 0.725 |
| Chloride (mmol/L) | 95.45 ± 7.57 a,* | 104.45 ± 3.44 b | 99.33 ± 4.90 a | 0.031 | 104.14 ± 8.21 a | 105.57 ± 2.37 a | 102.90 ± 4.32 a | 0.625 |
†p-values of the three related samples by Friedman’s two-way analysis of variance by ranks. Values with different superscripts (a and b) mean significant vs. pretransplant phase; * Significant versus the related samples in the women group by Mann–Whitney U test; BMI is body mass index; DEXA is dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; BMD is bone mineral density; 25OHVD is 25 hydroxyvitamin D; ALP is alkaline phosphatase enzyme; Mg is magnesium.