Figure 5.

ECSW therapy inhibited ketamine-induced urine frequency, time interval of bladder contraction and bladder maximal pressure. (A) The time interval of urinary bladder contraction, * vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §), p < 0.0001. (B) Maximal urinary bladder pressure, * vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §), p < 0.0001. (C) Illustrating the time interval of urinary bladder contraction (i.e., the frequency) among the four groups. The frequency of urinary bladder contraction in G2 was remarkably increased as compared with G3 and G4 and more remarkably increased as compared with G1 (i.e., sham-control). All statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison post hoc test (n = 6 for each group). Symbols (*, †, ‡, §) indicate significance (at 0.05 level). ECSW = extracorporeal shock wave.