Table 1.

Use of chile as food, medicine for the body and the soul in Mexico.

Family language	Language/Cultural Group	Food	Medicine for the Body	Medicine for the Soul
Oto-manguean	Otomi	[48]		[10]
	Mazahua	[49]
	Matlatzinca	[49]
	Tlahuica	[49]
	Pame	[50]
	Chichimeco jonaz	[51]
	Chinantec	[52]		[10]
	Tlapanec	[53]		[54]
	Mazatec	[55]
	Ixcatec	[56]
	Chocholtec	[57]		[57]
	Popoloca	[58]
	Zapotec	[23,59,60]	[61]	[23]
	Chatino	[62]
	Amuzgo	[53]
	Mixtec	[22,53,63]		[22]
	Cuicatec	[64]
	Triqui	[65]
Maya	Tenek	[29]	[29]	[29]
	Maya Yucatec	[66,67,68]	[69]	[69]
	Lacandon	[70]
	Ch’ol	[71]
	Chontal of Tabasco	[72]
	Tseltal	[73]
	Tsotsil	[73]	[74]	[74]
	Q’anjob’al	[75]
	Akateko	[76]
	Jakalteko	[77]
	Qato’k	[78]
	Chuj	[79]
	Tojolabal	[73]
	Q’eqchi’	[80]
	K’iche’	[81]
	Kaqchikel	[81]
	Teko	[75]
	Mam	[73]
	Awakateko	[82]
	Ixil	[83]
Totonaco-Tepehua	Totonac	[46]	[46]	[46]
	Tepehua	[84]
Purepecha	Purepecha	[45]		[45]
Mixe-zoque	Mixe	[85]	[86]
	Sayulteco	[87]
	Oluteco	[88]
	Texistepequeño	[89]
	Ayapaneco	[90]
	Popoluca	[60]
	Zoque	[70]
Chontal de Oaxaca	Chontal of Oaxaca	[91]
Huave	Huave	[92]		[93]
Algica	Kickapoo	[94]
Yuto-nahua del sur	Pápago	[95]
	Pima	[96]	[96]
	Northern Tepehuan	[47]
	Southern Tepehuan	[47]
	Tarahumara	[43]	[97]
	Guarijio	[98]
	Yaqui	[44,99]
	Mayo	[44]
	Cora	[100]
	Huichol	[101]
	Nahuatl	[53,60,102]		[21]
Yuto-nahua del sur	Paipai	[103]
	Cucapá	[103]
	Kumiai	[103]
	Kiliwa	[103]
Seri	Seri	[104]
No language affiliation	Mascogos	[105]
No language affiliation	Afrodescendants	[106,107]