IMMUNOLOGY AND INFLAMMATION Correction for “T-cell responses to hybrid insulin peptides prior to type 1 diabetes development,” by Angela M. Mitchell, Aimon A. Alkanani, Kristen A. McDaniel, Laura Pyle, Kathleen Waugh, Andrea K. Steck, Maki Nakayama, Liping Yu, Peter A. Gottlieb, Marian J. Rewers, and Aaron W. Michels, which published February 4, 2021; 10.1073/pnas.2019129118 (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 118, e2019129118).
The authors note that, due to a printer’s error, Figs. 3 and 4 appeared incorrectly. The corrected figures and their legends appear below. The online version has been corrected.
Fig. 3.
Individuals progressing to clinical disease show distinct inflammatory responses to specific HIPs. IFN-γ/IL-10 ratios from ELISPOT assays are plotted against the number of years since seroconversion for Aab+ individuals. Graphs with linear regression lines showing all visits from (A) individuals with one Aab at the initial visit (n = 12) and (B) two or more Aabs (n = 13) displayed. (C) The linear regression lines from A and B are overlaid for each stimulus. P values depicted using linear regression analyses. Due to very elevated IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio, one point is not displayed on each of the following graphs: C:A chain in A (12.1 y, ratio 64), C:NPY in B (13.2 y, ratio 26), and C:IAPP-1 in B (8.6 y, ratio 21); however, these values were included to determine linear regression lines and statistical comparisons. (D) Graphs depicting IFN-γ/IL-10 ratios for all study visits from Aab+ (purple) and (E) Aab− (green) individuals. Darker colored lines represent responses from Aab+ individuals who progressed to clinical T1D (n = 5) and Aab− individuals who developed an islet Aab (n = 3), while lighter colored lines display responses from those not progressing to T1D (n = 20) or developing an islet Aab (n = 35). Dotted black lines are at 1.0, with values greater than 1.0 indicating a predominantly inflammatory response, and values less than 1.0 an anti-inflammatory response. P values depicted using a Mann–Whitney u test.
Fig. 4.
IAA levels and measures of glucose metabolism correlate with responses to HIPs during progression to T1D. (A) IFN-γ/IL-10 ratios from PBMC ELISPOT assays using native insulin B:9–23, B22E HIP, native C:10–24, and the C:IAPP-2 HIP are plotted against IAA levels in individuals having a positive IAA value from at least one visit (n = 9). (B) Glucose AUC measurements following a 2-h OGTT are plotted versus the corresponding IFN-γ/IL-10 ratios at matched visits for Aab+ participants (n = 13). (C) Hemoglobin A1C levels, which is a measure of average blood glucose over the preceding 3 mo, are graphed versus the corresponding IFN-γ/IL-10 ratios at matched visits for all participants that had A1C measurements (n = 30). P values depicted using linear regression analysis.