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Cardiovascular oxidative stress. OS: Abbreviations: oxidative stress; ROS: reactive oxygen species; HF: heart failure; NOSs: nitric oxide synthases; XO: xanthine oxidase; NADPH: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen; SOD: superoxide dismutase; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; CAT: catalase; Enos:endothelial nitric oxide synthase; BH4: 8-tetrahydrobiopterin; O2−: superoxide anion; ONOO−: Peroxynitrite.
