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PCR-based fecal dysbiosis index using a panel of gut bacteria. Dysbiosis index (A), total bacteria (B) and seven bacterial genera and species, Faecalibacterium, Turicibacter, Streptococcus, E. coli, Blautia, Fusobacterium, and C. hiranonis (C to I) in dogs with MMVD. Bacterial abundances were measured using quantitative PCR. The horizontal lines denoted medians. Adjusted P values: *, P < 0.05, **, P < 0.01.
