Psychrobacter strains occur and persist in the mammalian gut. (A) Histogram of relative abundance at the genus level of 16S rRNA gene sequence variants (SVs), clustered at 100% identity, of polar bear fecal samples. (B) Psychrobacter relative abundance in comparison to taxonomy of prey consumed by polar bears. (C) The average change in OD600 of 19 Psychrobacter accessions grown on 190 different substrates as sole carbon sources, compared across different classes of compounds. (D) CFU per gram of cecal contents of gnotobiotic mice is shown in comparison to accession phylogeny. FE strains are shown in yellow, while RE strains are shown in blue. The phylogeny was constructed as described in the legend to Fig. 3. Branches with bootstrap support higher than 70% are indicated with a filled circle. Means were compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. *, P value less than 0.05; **, P < 0.005; ***, P < 0.0005.