Table 1.
Patient demographics
| Demographics | ||
|---|---|---|
| Case number, n | 15 | |
| Gender (male), n (%) | 12 (80%) | |
| Median age, years (range) | 8.5 (4–15) | |
| Median weight, kgs (range) | 32.2 (14–55) | |
| Associated anomalies | ||
| Uretero–pelvic junction obstruction (UPJO), n (%) | 11 (73%) | |
| Neurogenic bladder, n (%) | 2 (13.3%) | |
| Other, n (%) | 0 | |
| Presentation symptoms | ||
| Colicky flank pain, n (%) | 6 (40%) | |
| Colicky flank pain, hematuria, n (%) | 2 (13.3%) | |
| Urinary tract infections (UTIs), n (%) | 5 (33.3%) | |
| Asymptomatic, incidental finding, n (%) | 2 (13.3%) | |
| Stone location | ||
| Renal pelvis, n (%) | 8 (53.3%) | |
| Lower pole, n (%) | 3 (20%) | |
| Renal pelvis and lower pole, n (%) | 2 (13.3%) | |
| Bladder, n (%) | 2 (13.3%) | |
| Affected kidney data (n = 13) | ||
| Side | ||
| Left, n (%) | 4 (30.8%) | |
| Right, n (%) | 8 (61.5%) | |
| Bilateral, n (%) | 1 (7.7%) | |
| Total renal units, n | 15 | |
| Location | ||
| Orthotopic, n (%) | 13 (100%) | |
| Pelvic, horseshoe, n (%) | 0 | |
| Stone pre-operative data | ||
| Median stone size, mm (range) | 20.8 (3–30) | |
| Median number of stones, n (range) | 3 (1–15) | |
| Multiple stones present, n (%) | 5 (35.7%) | |
| Indications for RALS | ||
| Concomitant pyeloplasty, n (%) | 11 (73.3%) | |
| Large stone size, n (%) | 7 (46.6%) | |
| Previous failed endourological procedure, n (%) | 1 (6.6%) | |
RALS robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery