Table 2.
Sweetened beverage intake in adulthood and risk of early-onset colorectal cancer
| Exposure | <1 serving/wk | 1 serving/wk to <1 serving/d | 1 serving/d to <2 servings/d | ≥2 servings/d | Ptrenda | Each serving/d increase |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sugar-sweetened beverages | ||||||
| Person-years | 536 446 | 504 341 | 178 886 | 138 469 | ||
| No. of cases | 45 | 34 | 14 | 16 | ||
| Age- and energy-adjusted RR (95% CI) | 1 [Reference] | 0.89 (0.56–1.41) | 1.03 (0.55–1.92) | 1.72 (0.93–3.20) | 0.06 | 1.11 (0.96–1.29) |
| Multivariable RR (95% CI)b | 1 [Reference] | 0.97 (0.61–1.55) | 1.24 (0.65–2.39) | 2.18 (1.10–4.35) | 0.02 | 1.16 (1.00–1.36) |
| Artificially sweetened beverages | ||||||
| Person-years | 424 283 | 321 864 | 258 215 | 353 780 | ||
| No. of cases | 32 | 33 | 19 | 25 | ||
| Age- and energy-adjusted RR (95% CI) | 1 [Reference] | 1.25 (0.76–2.04) | 0.95 (0.54–1.68) | 0.86 (0.50–1.46) | 0.32 | 0.96 (0.86–1.07) |
| Multivariable RR (95% CI)b | 1 [Reference] | 1.20 (0.73–1.98) | 0.86 (0.48–1.54) | 0.73 (0.42–1.27) | 0.11 | 0.93 (0.83–1.04) |
| Fruit juice | ||||||
| Person-years | 450 890 | 799 663 | 92 765 | 14 825 | ||
| No. of cases | 44 | 59 | 5 | 1 | ||
| Age- and energy-adjusted RR (95% CI) | 1 [Reference] | 0.81 (0.53–1.22) | 0.66 (0.25–1.71) | 0.90 (0.12–6.76) | 0.41 | 1.04 (0.64–1.67) |
| Multivariable RR (95% CI)b | 1 [Reference] | 0.86 (0.56–1.31) | 0.77 (0.29–2.05) | 1.20 (0.16–9.11) | 0.69 | 1.20 (0.74–1.94) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; RR, relative risk.
One beverage serving is 8 oz.
Calculated using the median of each category of beverage intake as a continuous variable.
Additionally adjusted for race (white, nonwhite), height (continuous), body mass index (continuous), menopausal status and menopausal hormone use (premenopausal, postmenopausal never user, postmenopausal ever user, unknown menopausal status or hormone use), family history of colorectal cancer (yes, no), pack-years of smoking (continuous), physical activity (continuous), regular use of aspirin (yes, no), regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (yes, no), current use of multivitamins (yes, no), intake of alcohol, red and processed meat, dietary fiber, total folate [from foods and supplements], and total calcium (all continuous), Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 score without sugar-sweetened beverages and alcohol (continuous), and lower endoscopy due to screening (yes, no) or for other indications within the past 10 years (yes, no).