Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Oct 27;599(7884):256–261. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-04052-7

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Extended Data Fig. 4 — A, a comparison of individual outgroup f3-statistics for the ancient Xinjiang populations and their neighboring populations from Inner Asia, including Tarim_EMBA1 (n = 12), Tarim_EMBA2 (n = 1), ANE (n = 3), Dzungaria_EBA1 (n = 3), Dzungaria_EBA2 (n = 2), West_Siberia_N (n = 3) and Botai_CA (n = 3), which Tarim Basin individuals show the highest affinity to each other. In each boxplot, the box marks the 25^th and 75^th quartiles of the distribution, respectively, and the horizontal line within the box marks the median. The whisker delineates the maximum and the minimum. B, the cumulative distribution of ROH tracts shows that Tarim_EMBA individuals did not descend from close related parents. C, pairwise mismatch rate (pmr) between individuals in the ancient populations of Xinjiang and its neighboring regions, including all pairs of individuals within the Afanasievo (n = 27), ANE (n = 3), Baikal_EBA (n = 9), Baikal_EN (n = 15), Botai_CA (n = 3), Dzungaria_EBA (n = 5), Dzungaria_EIA (n = 10), Sintashta_MLBA (n = 51), Tarim_EMBA (n = 13), West_Siberia_N (n = 3), as well as present-day isolated populations such as Papuan and Karitiana. Tarim_EMBA individuals uniformly show a much reduced pmr value that is equivalent to the first-degree relatives in Afanasievo or Sintashta_MLBA. The red dotted lines mark the expected pmr value for the given coefficient of relationship (r), ranging from 0 (unrelated) and 1/4 (second degree relatives) to 1/2 (first degree relatives), based on the mean value of pmr among these populations, respectively. In each box plot, the box represents the interquartile range (the 25^th and 75^th quartiles), and the horizon line within the box represents the median. Black-filled and open circles represent outliers (1.5 times beyond the IQR) and extreme outliers (3 times beyond the IQR), respectively. The whisker delineates the smallest and the largest non-outlier observations. D, Y chromosome phylogeny of the Bronze Age Xinjiang male individuals. Xiaohe male individuals fall into a branch distinct from western Bronze Age steppe pastoralists, such as Afanasievo and Yamnaya. One individual from Beifang falls in a position that is more basal than Xiaohe, but its phylogenetic position cannot be fixed due to low coverage, and its proximate position(s) are instead indicated with an asterisk.