. 2021 Oct 25;26(21):6427. doi: 10.3390/molecules26216427

Table 2.

Concentration (mg/kg of extract, mean ± standard error) of phenolic compounds present in the extracts from Lavandula viridis L’Hér and Thymus lotocephalus G. López and R. Morales shoots cultured in media with 0 (control), 1, 5 or 10 mg/L of CuO, ZnO and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles.

Compound	Treatment
	Control	CuO (mg/L)			ZnO (mg/L)			Fe₃O₄ (mg/L)
	Control	1	5	10	1	5	10	1	5	10
L. viridis
O-Caffeoylquinic acid	81 ± 8 ^a	92 ± 7 ^a	83 ± 0 ^a	80.6 ± 0.7 ^a	97 ± 7 ^a	101 ± 2 ^a	100 ± 5 ^a	83 ± 10 ^a	83 ± 3 ^a	91 ± 8 ^a
Caffeic acid hexoside isomer I	1039 ± 80 ^b	1229 ± 85 ^a,b	583 ± 32 ^c	1400 ± 71 ^a	171 ± 126 ^d	144 ± 1 ^d	221 ± 7 ^d	221 ± 13 ^d	325 ± 27 ^d	231 ± 13 ^d
Caffeic acid hexoside isomer II	159 ± 3 ^b	1866 ± 16 ^b	1091 ± 29 ^c	2269 ± 170 ^a	258 ± 207 ^d,e	212 ± 7 ^e	331.1 ± 0.5 ^d,e	341 ± 35 ^d,e	564 ± 96 ^d	369 ± 55 ^d,e
Fertaric acid	227 ± 16 ^a	119 ± 5 ^b	70 ± 3 ^c	233 ± 9 ^a	52 ± 2 ^c,d	27.6 ± 0.4 ^e	23.0 ± 0.1 ^e	38 ± 1 ^d,e	50 ± 4 ^c,d	35 ± 1 ^d,e
Caffeic acid	147.2 ± 0.5	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOQ	<LOD
Ferulic acid	2996 ± 134 ^a	2336 ± 173 ^b	1328 ± 14 ^d	1650 ± 29 ^c	1247 ± 48 ^d	291 ± 3 ^f	499 ± 36 ^f	827 ± 44 ^e	1352 ± 8 ^d	751 ± 16 ^e
Rosmarinic acid	59874 ± 1040 ^b	59183 ± 1429 ^b	49922 ± 772 ^c	64501 ± 2858 ^a	27262 ± 47 ^e	9450± 2 ^g	20505 ± 250 ^f	17086 ± 483 ^f	32747 ± 1317 ^d	19656 ± 587 ^f
Salvianolic acid A isomer I	287 ± 24 ^c	415 ± 24 ^b	484 ± 23 ^a	108 ± 1 ^e	169 ± 6 ^d	86 ± 2 ^e	206 ± 8 ^d	118.0 ± 0.4 ^e	197 ± 4 ^d	106 ± 3 ^e
Salvianolic acid A isomer II	<LOQ	50 ± 8	52 ± 10	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOD	<LOQ	<LOD	<LOQ	<LOD
Salvianolic acid I	<LOQ	49.0 ± 0.1	45.2 ± 0.2	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOD	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOD
Salvianolic acid B	7281 ± 534 ^c	11035 ± 654 ^a	9545 ± 449 ^b	3673 ± 55 ^d	3344 ± 63 ^d	1181 ± 44 ^e	1612 ± 34 ^e	2093 ± 61 ^e	4078 ± 2 ^d	2072 ± 91 ^e
Total phenolic acids	73522 ± 1818 ^a	76374 ± 2371 ^a	63203 ± 1253 ^b	73916 ± 3196 ^a	32599 ± 489 ^d	11494 ± 51 ^f	23498 ± 330 ^e	20808 ± 651 ^e	39396 ± 1433 ^c	23311 ± 741 ^e
Apigenin	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	63.78 ± 2.17	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOQ	<LOD
Herniarin	519 ± 26 ^b	733 ± 7 ^a	521 ± 31 ^b	142 ± 17 ^e	259 ± 5 ^d	71 ± 4 ^f	238 ± 5 ^d	147 ± 8 ^e	361 ± 4 ^c	177 ± 2 ^e
Total phenolic compounds	74042 ± 1845 ^a	77107 ± 2378 ^a	63725 ± 1284^b	74122 ± 3214 ^a	32858 ± 494 ^d	11565 ± 55 ^f	23735 ± 325 ^e	20955 ± 659 ^e	39758 ± 1437 ^c	23489 ± 739 ^e
T. lotocephalus
O-Caffeoylquinic acid	<LOQ	64 ± 5	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	n.d.	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ
Caffeic acid hexoside isomer I	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	77 ± 3
Caffeic acid hexoside isomer II	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	74.2 ± 0.5
Caffeic acid	<LOQ	<LOD	91 ± 6 ^b	<LOD	<LOQ	<LOQ	110 ± 9 ^b	113 ± 3 ^b	<LOQ	149 ± 3 ^a
Rosmarinic acid	30326 ± 1453 ^e	10413 ± 512 ^f	31285 ± 3028 ^d,e	15743 ± 1239 ^f	31395 ± 697 ^d,e	40635 ± 331 ^c,d	64658 ± 6034 ^a	55268 ± 5250 ^b	46136 ± 851 ^b,c	65998 ± 2478 ^a
Salvianolic acid A isomer I	225 ± 5 ^e	217 ± 8 ^e	1387 ± 200 ^a	755 ± 96 ^b,c	203 ± 12 ^e	207 ± 6 ^e	234 ± 22 ^e	561 ± 51 ^c,d	434 ± 5 ^d,e	891.2 ± 0.72 ^b
Salvianolic acid A isomer II	57 ± 8 ^f,g	55 ± 7 ^f,g	303 ± 6 ^a	158 ± 2 ^b	56 ± 2 ^f,g	50 ± 1 ^g	70 ± 4 ^e,f	96 ± 4 ^d	75 ± 3 ^e	123 ± 8 ^c
Salvianolic acid I	116 ± 6 ^d	113 ± 4 ^d	666 ± 91 ^a	339 ± 45 ^b	129 ± 7 ^c,d	119 ± 2 ^d	182 ± 17 ^c,d	238 ± 24 ^b,c	178 ± 2 ^c,d	294.6 ± 0.4 ^b
Salvianolic acid B	53 ± 4 ^e	45 ± 1 ^e	240 ± 33 ^a	146 ± 16 ^b,c	52 ± 2 ^e	77 ± 2 ^d,e	69 ± 7 ^e	132 ± 13 ^c	111.7 ± 0.3 ^c,d	184 ± 3 ^b
Salvianolic acid A isomer III	78 ± 4 ^e,f	45 ± 3 ^f	156 ± 22 ^a,b	75 ± 10 ^e,f	91 ± 4 ^d,e	120 ± 2 ^c,d	182 ± 14 ^a	170 ± 11 ^a,b	77 ± 1 ^e,f	144 ± 5 ^b,c
Total phenolic acids	30855 ± 1481 ^e	10952 ± 540 ^f	34128 ± 3375 ^d,e	17216 ± 1408 ^f	31927 ± 719 ^d,e	41208 ± 344 ^c,d	65506 ± 6090 ^a,b	56578 ± 5355 ^b	47013 ± 839 ^c	67936 ± 2461 ^a
Luteolin-7-O-glucuronide	133 ± 2 ^d	81 ± 4 ^e	215 ± 21 ^b	83 ± 8 ^e	134 ± 6 ^d	167 ± 6 ^c,d	209 ± 23 ^b	301 ± 20 ^a	193.3 ± 0.6 ^b,c	315 ± 3 ^a
Herniarin	76 ± 6 ^e	<LOQ	120 ± 16 ^c	49 ± 4 ^f	88 ± 2 ^d,e	107 ± 3 ^c,d	174 ± 3 ^b	163 ± 9 ^b	157 ± 3 ^b	204 ± 12 ^a
Total phenolic compounds	31064 ± 1488 ^e	11033 ± 544 ^f	34463 ± 3412 ^d,e	17348 ± 1421 ^f	32149 ± 724 ^d,e	41483 ± 352 ^c,d	65889 ± 6070 ^a,b	57042 ± 5366 ^b	47363 ± 842 ^c	68456 ± 2469 ^a

Notes: n.d.—not detected; LOD—limit of detection; LOQ—limit of quantification. The results were analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. Different letters (a to g) in each row and for each phenolic compound mean significant differences (p < 0.05) among treatments.