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. 2021 Oct 23;13(21):3656. doi: 10.3390/polym13213656

Table 2.

Current study of EGCG incorporated biomaterials.

References Types of Biomaterial Composition Study Design Result Conclusion
Zhao et al., 2021 [70] Hydrogel 3-acrylamido phenylboronic acid (APBA),
acrylamide

  1. ROS Assay

  2. In vivo (diabetic induce)

 ROS assay: Intracellular ROS reduction
Wound: (Day 18) 2.0% wound closure, thicker tissue granulation 		Able to induce intracellular ROS.
In vivo: Promote tissue granulation, neovascularisation, angiogenesis, and high collagen deposition
Sun et al., 2020 [53] Nanoparticles Ascorbic acid, gelatine, chitosan

  1. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining

  2. Histological evaluation

  3. In vivo (animal study)

 Wound: (Day 10) Epithelium completely healed in treatment group (visible neovascular vessels, hair
follicles, and skin attachments)
Healing rate: Significantly higher than other groups (p > 0.001).		 In vivo: Accelerate collagen accumulation, enhance angiogenesis, and suppress inflammatory cells infiltration
S. Lee et al., 2020 [51] Coated film Polycaprolactone (PCL)

  1. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay

  2. ABTS radical scavenging assay

  3. TUNEL assay

  4. H2O2 scavenging assay

 Apoptotic gene: ↓BAX Anti-apoptotic genes: ↑BCL2, ↑BCL2-L1
Anti-oxidative catalase: ↑FOXO3, ↑GPX-1		 Effectively protect against ROS-induced oxidative damage
Kar et al., 2019 [52] Hydrogel-based wound patches Guar gum (GG), sodium alginate (SA), silver nanoparticles (AgNP)

  1. In vivo (animal study)

 Wound: (Day 9) ~30% remaining to heal (p < 0.0001) compared to control 75% In vivo: Accelerate collagen deposition, wound healing, angiogenesis, neovascularisation, modulate growth factors, and inflammatory cytokines
Pires et al., 2019 [54] Nanofiber membrane Polycaprolactone (PCL), gelatine

  1. H2O2 scavenging assay

  2. ROS induced UV radiation

 H2O2 exposure: Membranes drops to ~20% compared to control ~45%
UV exposure: Cell survival percentage > 76.9% (treatment); 52.9% (control)		 Stagnant oxidative-stress cell damage
Liu et al., 2017 [58] Hydrogel Hyaluronic acid (HA)

  1. ROS scavenging

 Inhibit macrophages-mediated ROS ROS levels significantly reduced compared to unstimulated macrophages
Chu et al., 2017 [56] Membrane Collagen

  1. Cell viability and cell adhesion

 0.064% collagen-EGCG shows highest cell proliferation Downregulating MAPK signalling pathway, induce ROS