Skip to main content
Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer logoLink to Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer
. 2021 Nov 20;24(11):804–807. [Article in Chinese] doi: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2021.102.39

EGFR突变非小细胞肺癌患者奥希替尼诱导间质性肺疾病后奥希替尼再挑战:病例报道

Osimertinib Re-challenge for EGFR-mutant NSCLC after Osimertinib-induced Interstitial Lung Disease: A Case Report

Junjie GU 1,#, Fan BAI 2,#, Lan SONG 3, Yingyi WANG 4,*
PMCID: PMC8607285  PMID: 34802213

Abstract

奥希替尼诱导的间质性肺疾病(interstitial lung disease, ILD)是一种罕见的、致命的肺毒性疾病。我们报道1例64岁男性IV期肺腺癌患者,伴有表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR)外显子19缺失,使用奥希替尼80 mg/d作为一线靶向治疗。奥希替尼开始治疗后第60天患者出现ILD。立即停用奥希替尼,并开始口服泼尼松60 mg/d,ILD在13 d内得到改善。权衡风险和获益后,再次开始奥希替尼与泼尼松治疗。奥希替尼治疗16个月以上,患者既没有疾病进展,也没有ILD复发。根据我们的病例和既往文献,在仔细评估EGFR突变非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)患者的风险及获益后,在类固醇激素辅助下再次使用奥希替尼可被视为一种有效的治疗选择。

Keywords: 表皮生长因子受体, 间质性肺疾病, 肺肿瘤, 奥希替尼


作为第三代表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, EGFR-TKIs),奥希替尼(AZD9291)已被批准用于一线治疗EGFR外显子19缺失或外显子21 L858R突变的转移性非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)患者。

奥希替尼诱导的间质性肺疾病(interstitial lung disease, ILD)并不常见,但在一些患者中可能危及生命。据报道,奥希替尼诱导的间质性肺病发生率为2%-3%[1-3],约15%的病例是致命性的,死亡率约为1.5%。

一旦ILD导致奥希替尼停用,随后即使ILD恢复,通常不建议再次使用奥希替尼。根据AURA3试验[4],尽管不如再次使用EGFR-TKIs有效,大多数患者随后接受化疗。因此问题在于奥希替尼再挑战是否仍能使患者获益。尽管很多文献均有报道吉非替尼、厄洛替尼或奥希替尼成功再挑战,但奥希替尼再挑战是否合理仍未达成共识。本研究中我们描述了1例EGFR突变的晚期NSCLC患者,接受一线奥希替尼治疗后发生了ILD,随后停用奥希替尼,待ILD恢复后再次使用奥希替尼。

1. 病例报道

该病例是1例64岁的中国男性,不吸烟,确诊为IV期肺腺癌,伴有EGFR敏感突变(外显子19缺失)。2018年7月开始奥希替尼(80 mg, qd)一线靶向治疗(图 1A),2018年8月评估为部分缓解。奥希替尼治疗后的第60天,该患者出现呼吸困难和干咳。胸部计算机断层扫描(computed tomography, CT)示右肺新发散在磨玻璃影,左上肺多发实变、结节、磨玻璃影、纤维索条影(图 1B)。这些病变影像学上符合奥希替尼诱发的ILD。治疗上立即停用奥希替尼,同时开始口服泼尼松(60 mg, qd)。给药后第13天,呼吸困难减轻,肺部病变改善(图 1C)。由于临床认为标准化疗不可行,2019年2月奥希替尼(80 mg, qd)与泼尼松(30 mg, qd)同时重新给药,ILD未复发,病情稳定(图 1D)。随后泼尼松逐渐减少到每天3.75 mg。患者随后成功接受奥希替尼治疗16个月以上,无疾病进展或ILD复发。

图 1.

图 1

胸部CT(肺窗)。A:奥希替尼治疗前,基线CT显示左上叶胸膜下肺病变;B:奥希替尼治疗60 d后,CT显示左肺上叶多发实变、结节、磨玻璃影、纤维索条影较图1A明显,右肺出现新的散在磨玻璃影;C:使用泼尼松治疗后13 d,CT显示上述病变明显缓解;D:奥希替尼再挑战10个月后,CT未见ILD复发征象。

Chest CT of lung window. A: Before treatment with osimertinib, the baseline CT imaging showed subpleural lung lesion in the left upper lobe; B: Sixty days after the initiation of osimertinib, the CT imaging showed multiple consolidations, nodules, ground glass opacities (GGOs), and fibrous cables in left upper lobe, significantly remarkable than Fig 1A and new scattered GGOs in the right lung; C: Thirteen days after the administration of prednisone, the CT imaging showed remarkable remission of these lesions; D: Ten months after osimertinib rechallenge, the CT imaging showed no recurrence of ILD. CT: computed tomography.

2. 讨论

根据FLAURA试验,奥希替尼是一个口服的有效的第三代EGFR-TKI,相比于第一代及第二代EGFR-TKIs表现出明显优越的疗效,无进展生存期(progression-free survival, PFS)(18.9个月vs 10.2个月)和总生存期(overall survival, OS)(38.6个月vs 31.8个月)[5, 6]。基于AURA3和FLAURA试验,美国国家综合癌症网络(National Comprehensive Cancer Network, NCCN)指南考虑将奥希替尼作为EGFR外显子19缺失或外显子21 L858R突变的NSCLC患者的一线靶向治疗。

尽管奥希替尼通常耐受性良好,但在一些患者中,ILD虽不常见却是一种致命的肺部并发症[7]。ILD的机制尚不明确。EGFR在II型肺上皮细胞上表达,并参与肺泡壁修复。EGFR-TKIs通过中断肺泡修复机制,可能增强其他原因引起的肺损伤的效果,包括脓毒症、放疗、既往肺损伤和其他药物[8-12]。EGFR-TKIs也可能通过降低EGFR磷酸化和同步再生的上皮增生来促进潜在的肺纤维化[13]

目前国际上对于奥希替尼诱发ILD后再挑战的风险和获益尚无共识。参考EGFR-TKIs不良反应管理专家共识[14],EGFR-TKIs相关ILD可以分为4级,其中2级-4级的肺毒性建议停用EGFR-TKIs,并开始氧疗及激素治疗,但对于EGFR-TKIs能否再挑战及其时机尚无共识。2018年美国临床肿瘤学会(American Society of Clinical Oncology, ASCO)关于免疫治疗相关不良反应管理指南[15],对于3级-4级免疫相关肺毒性建议终生停用免疫检查点抑制剂,而2级免疫相关肺毒性在应用激素治疗降级为1级免疫相关肺毒性后可再次应用免疫检查点抑制剂治疗。特别注意的是激素抵抗的肺炎患者,与英夫利息单抗相比,静脉免疫球蛋白可降低死亡率(43% vs 100%)[16]表 1总结了目前文献报道的20例奥希替尼再挑战病例[17-26],从中我们可以看到与免疫治疗相关肺毒性类似,对于1级-2级奥希替尼相关ILD,待临床症状改善后,奥希替尼再挑战相对安全,对于3级-4级患者再挑战风险较高,但权衡利弊后也有再挑战成功的案例。在我们的病例中,患者在皮质类固醇治疗下快速恢复,同时停用奥希替尼后病情进展。在权衡尚无其他有效治疗方案时患者的风险和受益,并获得患者及其家人的知情同意后,再次给予该患者奥希替尼(80 mg, qd),同时给予口服泼尼松,该患者持续16个月以上无病情进展。与既往文献[17-26]相比,我们的患者取得了非常显著的无进展生存。

表 1.

奥希替尼再挑战文献总结

Literature review of osimertinib rechallenges

Cases Age/Gender EGFR mutation Onset of ILD ILD grade Corticosteroid (dose) Osi cessation period Recurrence of ILD References
EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; ILD: interstitial lung disease; Osi: Osimertinib; PSL: Prednisolone; NA: not available; F: female; M: male.
1 32/M Del 19 T790M 4.5 mon NA Yes NA No [14]
2 82/M Del 19 T790M 8 mon 4 Yes 2 mon No [15]
3 60/M Del 19 T790M 6 wk 3 Yes NA Yes [15]
4 69/F L858R T790M 55 d NA PSL 10 mg/d 15 d No [16]
5 32/M L858R T790M 135 d NA Yes 2 mon No [17]
6 75/F Del 19 T790M 64 d 2 PSL 0.5 mg/kg 26 d No [18]
7 62/M Del 19 T790M 82 d 2 Yes 14 d No [19]
8 38/M L858R T790M 31 d 2 No NA No [20]
9 75/F Del 19 T790M 6 mon 2 Yes NA No [21]
10 73/F L858R 3.3 mon 1 No 3.2 mon No [22]
11 56/M L858R 1.0 mon 2 PSL 1 mg/kg 1.4 mon Yes [22]
12 45/F Del 19 2.8 mon 2 PSL 1 mg/kg 6.3 mon No [22]
13 72/F Del 19 5.9 mon 1 No 1.4 mon No [22]
14 64/F Del 19 7.7 mon 1 No 14.0 mon No [22]
15 39/F L858R 1.8 mon 2 No 6.2 mon No [22]
16 72/F Del 19 5.6 mon 2 PSL 1 mg/kg 14.7 mon No [22]
17 71/F Del 19 2.7 mon 1 No 15.2 mon No [22]
18 58/F Del 19 8 wk NA PSL 1 mg/kg 4 wk No [23]
19 65/F Del 19 T790M L858R 7 wk NA PSL 0.5 mg/kg 6 wk No [23]
20 64/M L858R T790M 9 mon 3 PSL 1 mg/kg 14 wk No [23]
21 64/M Del 19 60 d 2 Yes 5 mon No Present case

总之,我们的病例表明,在某些病例中,奥希替尼诱导的1级-2级ILD恢复后,再次给予奥希替尼(联合皮质类固醇)可能是可行的和获益的,其结果与既往的文献报道[17-26]一致。尽管如此,在发生ILD的情况下,是否选择奥希替尼再挑战需要慎重权衡患者的风险及获益,必要时可请多学科会诊介入,希望本案例能为部分患者的临床决策提供参考。

Funding Statement

本文受中国医学科学院创新医学专项基金(No.2017-I2M-4-002)资助

This paper was supported by the grant from Special Fund for Innovative Medicine of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (to Yingyi WANG)(No.2017-I2M-4-002)

References

  • 1.Yang JC, Ahn MJ, Kim DW, et al. Osimertinib in pretreated T790M-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: AURA study phase II extension component. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(12):1288–1296. doi: 10.1200/jco.2016.70.3223. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 2.Mok TS, Wu YL, Ahn MJ, et al. Osimertinib or platinum-pemetrexed in EGFR T790M-positive lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(7):629–640. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1612674. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 3.Goss G, Tsai CM, Shepherd FA, et al. Osimertinib for pretreated EGFR Thr790Met-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (AURA2): a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(12):1643–1652. doi: 10.1016/s1470-2045(16)30508-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 4.Lee CK, Novello S, Rydén A, et al. Patient-reported symptoms and impact of treatment with osimertinib versus chemotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: The AURA3 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(18):1853–1860. doi: 10.1200/jco.2017.77.2293. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 5.Soria JC, Ohe Y, Vansteenkiste J, et al. Osimertinib in untreated EGFR-mutated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(2):113–125. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1713137. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 6.Rajappa S, Krishna MV, Narayanan P. Integrating osimertinib in clinical practice for non-small cell lung cancer treatment. Adv Ther. 2019;36(6):1279–1290. doi: 10.1007/s12325-019-00917-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 7.Fan M, Mo T, Shen L, et al. Osimertinib-induced severe interstitial lung disease: A case report. Thorac Cancer. 2019;10(7):1657–1660. doi: 10.1111/1759-7714.13127. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 8.Miettinen PJ, Warburton D, Bu D, et al. Impaired lung branching morphogenesis in the absence of functional EGF receptor. Dev Biol. 1997;186(2):224–236. doi: 10.1006/dbio.1997.8593. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 9.Kudoh S, Kato H, Nishiwaki Y, et al. Interstitial lung disease in Japanese patients with lung cancer: a cohort and nested case-control study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;177(12):1348–1357. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200710-1501OC. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 10.Hardie WD, Prows DR, Leikauf GD, et al. Attenuation of acute lung injury in transgenic mice expressing human transforming growth factor-alpha. Am J Physiol. 1999;277(5):L1045–L1050. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.1999.277.5.L1045. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 11.Haidl ID, Huber G, Eichmann K. An ADAM family member with expression in thymic epithelial cells and related tissues. Gene. 2002;283(1-2):163–170. doi: 10.1016/s0378-1119(01)00871-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 12.Takano T, Ohe Y, Kusumoto M, et al. Risk factors for interstitial lung disease and predictive factors for tumor response in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with gefitinib. Lung Cancer. 2004;45(1):93–104. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2004.01.010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 13.Nagaria NC, Cogswell J, Choe JK, et al. Side effects and good effects from new chemotherapeutic agents. Case 1. Gefitinib-induced interstitial fibrosis. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(10):2423–2424. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.04.055. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 14.Chinese Society of Lung Cancer, Chinese Anti-Cancer Association EGFR-TKI ADR management Chinese Expert Consensus. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi. 2019;22(2):57–81. doi: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2019.02.01. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]; 中国抗癌协会肺癌专业委员会 EGFR-TKI不良反应管理专家共识. 中国肺癌杂志. 2019;22(2):57–81. doi: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2019.02.01. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 15.Brahmer JR, Lacchetti C, Schneider BJ, et al. Management of immune-related adverse events in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(17):1714–1768. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2017.77.6385. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 16.Balaji A, Hsu M, Lin CT, et al. Steroid-refractory PD-(L)1 pneumonitis: incidence, clinical features, treatment, and outcomes. J Immunother Cancer. 2021;9(1):e001731. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001731. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 17.Nie KK, Zou X, Geng CX, et al. AZD9291-induced acute interstitial lung disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016;129(12):1507–1508. doi: 10.4103/0366-6999.183426. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 18.Nagasaka M, Gadgeel SM. Retreatment with osimertinib following pneumonitis. Clin Lung Cancer. 2018;19(1):e53–e55. doi: 10.1016/j.cllc.2017.06.017. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 19.Satoh S, Shiroyama T, Tamiya M, et al. Successful osimertinib rechallenge after osimertinib-induced pneumonitis in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma. Respir Med Case Rep. 2018;23:68–70. doi: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2017.12.005. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 20.Mamesaya N, Kenmotsu H, Takahashi T. Successful osimertinib rechallenge in a patient with advanced non-small cell lung cancer following osimertinib-induced interstitial lung disease after treatment with nivolumab. Invest New Drugs. 2017;35(6):839–841. doi: 10.1007/s10637-017-0471-y. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 21.Miyauchi E, Ichinose M, Inoue A. Successful osimertinib rechallenge in a patient with T790M-mutant non-small cell lung cancer after osimertinib-induced interstitial lung disease. J Thorac Oncol. 2017;12(5):e59–e61. doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.01.027. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 22.Kiriu T, Tamura D, Tachihara M, et al. Successful osimertinib rechallenge with steroid therapy after osimertinib-induced interstitial lung disease. Intern Med. 2018;57(1):91–95. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8947-17. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 23.Mamesaya N, Kenmotsu H, Katsumata M, et al. Osimertinib-induced interstitial lung disease after treatment with anti-PD1 antibody. Invest New Drugs. 2017;35(1):105–107. doi: 10.1007/s10637-016-0389-9. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 24.Itano J, Higo H, Ohashi K, et al. Successful re-administration of osimertinib in osimertinib-induced interstitial lung disease with an organizing pneumonia pattern: A case report and literature review. Intern Med. 2020;59(6):823–828. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.3689-19. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 25.Kodama H, Wakuda K, Yabe M, et al. Retrospective analysis of osimertinib re-challenge after osimertinib-induced interstitial lung disease in patients with EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung carcinoma. Invest New Drugs. 2021;39(2):571–577. doi: 10.1007/s10637-020-01005-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 26.Bickert C, Kahnert K, Kauffmann-Guerrero D, et al. Osimertinib rechallenge under steroid protection following osimertinib-induced pneumonitis: three case studies. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2021;13:17588359211018028. doi: 10.1177/17588359211018028. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer are provided here courtesy of Editorial office of Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer

RESOURCES