Table 2.
1 Month Post-PHGG Supplementation | 3 Months Post-PHGG Supplementation | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mM | Control | PHGG | p-Value | Control | PHGG | p-Value | ||||||||
Succinate | 0.67 | ± | 0.38 | 0.79 | ± | 0.29 | 0.25 | 1.18 | ± | 0.64 | 1.68 | ± | 0.98 | 0.07 |
Lactate | 3.26 | ± | 2.68 | 1.24 | ± | 1.16 | <0.01 | 4.05 | ± | 3.56 | 3.34 | ± | 1.60 | 0.42 |
Formate | 0.76 | ± | 0.46 | 0.62 | ± | 0.42 | 0.32 | 0.82 | ± | 0.44 | 0.58 | ± | 0.32 | 0.04 |
Acetate | 132.17 | ± | 15.55 | 123.14 | ± | 18.70 | 0.11 | 128.45 | ± | 19.14 | 144.18 | ± | 17.36 | <0.01 |
Propionate | 39.27 | ± | 5.32 | 40.12 | ± | 9.62 | 0.73 | 48.85 | ± | 11.41 | 59.39 | ± | 11.83 | <0.01 |
iso-butyrate | 2.34 | ± | 1.10 | 2.15 | ± | 1.78 | 0.70 | 2.38 | ± | 0.99 | 3.26 | ± | 1.07 | <0.01 |
n-butyrate | 18.01 | ± | 4.49 | 21.11 | ± | 9.93 | 0.21 | 20.46 | ± | 5.70 | 28.24 | ± | 7.02 | <0.01 |
iso-valerate | 2.95 | ± | 1.68 | 3.37 | ± | 2.74 | 0.57 | 2.81 | ± | 1.35 | 4.36 | ± | 1.51 | <0.01 |
n-valerate | 2.20 | ± | 1.03 | 2.93 | ± | 2.10 | 0.17 | 4.56 | ± | 1.63 | 6.62 | ± | 1.61 | <0.01 |
Total organic acids | 201.62 | ± | 22.40 | 195.48 | ± | 40.55 | 0.56 | 213.55 | ± | 35.83 | 251.65 | ± | 31.32 | <0.01 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 20). Data with significant difference (p < 0.05) are indicated by bold letters.