2021 TAXONOMIC UPDATE OF PHYLUM Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), INCLUDING THE LARGE ORDERS Bunyavirales AND Mononegavirales

Jens H Kuhn; Scott Adkins; Bernard R Agwanda; Rim Alg Kubrusli; Sergey V Alkhovsky; Gaya K Amarasinghe; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; María A Ayllón; Justin Bahl; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Matthew J Ballinger; Christopher F Basler; Sina Bavari; Martin Beer; Nicolas Bejerman; Andrew J Bennett; Dennis A Bente; Éric Bergeron; Brian H Bird; Carol D Blair; Kim R Blasdell; Dag-Ragnar Blystad; Jamie Bojko; Wayne B Borth; Steven Bradfute; Rachel Breyta; Thomas Briese; Paul A Brown; Judith K Brown; Ursula J Buchholz; Michael J Buchmeier; Alexander Bukreyev; Felicity Burt; Carmen Büttner; Charles H Calisher; Mengji Cao; Inmaculada Casas; Kartik Chandran; Rémi N Charrel; Qi Cheng; Yuya Chiaki; Marco Chiapello; Il-Ryong Choi; Marina Ciuffo; J Christopher S Clegg; Ian Crozier; Elena Dal Bó; Xavier De Lamballerie; Juan Carlos de la Torre; Rik L de Swart; Humberto Debat; Nolwenn M Dheilly; Emiliano Di Cicco; Nicholas Di Paola; Francesco Di Serio; Ralf G Dietzgen; Michele Digiaro; Olga Dolnik; Michael A Drebot; J Felix Drexler; Ralf Dürrwald; William G Dundon; W Paul Duprex; John M Dye; Andrew J Easton; Hideki Ebihara; Toufic Elbeaino; Koray Ergünay; Hugh W Ferguson; Anthony R Fooks; Marco Forgia; Pierre B H Formenty; Jana Fránová; Juliana Freitas-Astúa; Jingjing Fu; Stephanie Fürl; Selma Gago-Zachert; George Fú Gāo; María Laura García; Adolfo García-Sastre; Aura R Garrison; Thomas Gaskin; Tony L Goldberg; Jean-Paul J Gonzalez; Anthony Griffiths; Martin H Groschup; Stephan Günther; Roy A Hall; John Hammond; Tong Han; Jussi Hepojoki; Roger Hewson; Jiang Hong; Ni Hong; Seiji Hongo; Masayuki Horie; John S Hu; Tao Hu; Holly R Hughes; Florian Hüttner

doi:10.1007/s00705-021-05143-6

. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Arch Virol. 2021 Dec;166(12):3513–3566. doi: 10.1007/s00705-021-05143-6

2021 TAXONOMIC UPDATE OF PHYLUM Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), INCLUDING THE LARGE ORDERS Bunyavirales AND Mononegavirales

Jens H Kuhn ^1,^I,^II,^IV,^V,^VI,^IX,^XI,^XII,^XIII,^a,^1,^*, Scott Adkins ^2,^V,^XVI,^XXIII, Bernard R Agwanda ³, Rim Alg Kubrusli ⁴, Sergey V Alkhovsky ^5,^XI,^XVI, Gaya K Amarasinghe ^6,^VI, Tatjana Avšič-Županc ^7,^XI, María A Ayllón ^8,^X, Justin Bahl ^9,^XIV, Anne Balkema-Buschmann ^10,^XV, Matthew J Ballinger ^11,^XVII, Christopher F Basler ^12,^VI, Sina Bavari ^13,^VI, Martin Beer ^14,^XVI, Nicolas Bejerman ¹⁵, Andrew J Bennett ¹⁶, Dennis A Bente ^17,^XI, Éric Bergeron ^18,^XI, Brian H Bird ¹⁹, Carol D Blair ^20,^XVI, Kim R Blasdell ^21,^XX, Dag-Ragnar Blystad ²², Jamie Bojko ²³, Wayne B Borth ²⁴, Steven Bradfute ^25,^VIII, Rachel Breyta ^26,^XX, Thomas Briese ^27,^IV,^XVIII, Paul A Brown ^28,^XIX, Judith K Brown ²⁹, Ursula J Buchholz ^30,^XIX, Michael J Buchmeier ^31,^I, Alexander Bukreyev ^32,^VI, Felicity Burt ^33,^XI, Carmen Büttner ³⁴, Charles H Calisher ^35,^VIII,^XVI, Mengji Cao ³⁶, Inmaculada Casas ^37,^XIV, Kartik Chandran ^38,^VI, Rémi N Charrel ^39,^I,^XVIII, Qi Cheng ⁴⁰, Yuya Chiaki ⁴¹, Marco Chiapello ⁴², Il-Ryong Choi ^43,^XXII, Marina Ciuffo ⁴⁴, J Christopher S Clegg ^45,^I, Ian Crozier ^46,^VI, Elena Dal Bó ^47,^III, Xavier De Lamballerie ^48,^XVIII, Juan Carlos de la Torre ^49,^I,^V,², Rik L de Swart ^50,^XIX, Humberto Debat ⁵¹, Nolwenn M Dheilly ⁵², Emiliano Di Cicco ⁵³, Nicholas Di Paola ^54,^XI,³, Francesco Di Serio ⁵⁵, Ralf G Dietzgen ^56,^II,^IX,^XIII,^XX,⁴, Michele Digiaro ^57,^VII, Olga Dolnik ^58,^VI, Michael A Drebot ^59,^XVI, J Felix Drexler ^60,^XIX, Ralf Dürrwald ^61,^IV, William G Dundon ^62,^XV, W Paul Duprex ^63,^IX,^XV,^XIX,⁵, John M Dye ^64,^VI, Andrew J Easton ^65,^XV,^XIX, Hideki Ebihara ^66,^XVIII, Toufic Elbeaino ^67,^VII, Koray Ergünay ^68,^XI, Hugh W Ferguson ⁶⁹, Anthony R Fooks ^70,^XX, Marco Forgia ⁷¹, Pierre B H Formenty ^72,^VI, Jana Fránová ⁷³, Juliana Freitas-Astúa ^74,^XX,⁶, Jingjing Fu ⁷⁵, Stephanie Fürl ⁷⁶, Selma Gago-Zachert ^77,^III, George Fú Gāo ^78,^XVIII, María Laura García ^79,^III, Adolfo García-Sastre ^80,^XIV,⁷, Aura R Garrison ^81,^XI, Thomas Gaskin ⁸², Tony L Goldberg ⁸³, Jean-Paul J Gonzalez ^84,^I, Anthony Griffiths ^85,^VI, Martin H Groschup ^86,^XVIII, Stephan Günther ^87,^I, Roy A Hall ^88,^XVII, John Hammond ^89,^III, Tong Han ⁹⁰, Jussi Hepojoki ^91,^I, Roger Hewson ^92,^VI,^XI, Jiang Hong ⁹³, Ni Hong ⁹⁴, Seiji Hongo ^95,^XIV, Masayuki Horie ^96,^IV, John S Hu ⁹⁷, Tao Hu ⁹⁸, Holly R Hughes ^99,^XVI,⁸, Florian Hüttner ¹⁰⁰, Timothy H Hyndman ^101,^IV,^XXI,⁹, M Ilyas ¹⁰², Risto Jalkanen ¹⁰³, Dàohóng Jiāng ^104,^II,^IX,^X,^XIII,¹⁰, Gilda B Jonson ^105,^XXII, Sandra Junglen ^106,^V,^XVII,¹¹, Fujio Kadono ¹⁰⁷, Karia H Kaukinen ¹⁰⁸, Michael Kawate ¹⁰⁹, Boris Klempa ^110,^VIII, Jonas Klingström ^111,^VIII, Gary Kobinger ^112,^VI, Igor Koloniuk ¹¹³, Hideki Kondō ^114,^XX, Eugene V Koonin ^115,^XII, Mart Krupovic ^116,^XII,^b, Kenji Kubota ¹¹⁷, Gael Kurath ^118,^XV,^XX,^XXI, Lies Laenen ^119,^VIII, Amy J Lambert ^120,^V,^XVI,^XXIII, Stanley L Langevin ^121,^XVII, Benhur Lee ^122,^XV, Elliot J Lefkowitz ^123,^c, Eric M Leroy ^124,^VI, Jiànróng Lǐ ^125,^XIX, Longhui Li ¹²⁶, Shaorong Li ¹²⁷, Huazhen Liu ¹²⁸, Igor S Lukashevich ^129,^I, Piet Maes ^130,^V,^VIII,^IX,¹², William Marciel de Souza ^131,^XVI, Marco Marklewitz ^132,^V,^XVI, Sergio H Marshall ^133,^XIV, Shin-Yi L Marzano ^134,^X, John W McCauley ^135,^XIV, Michael Melzer ¹³⁶, Nicole Mielke-Ehret ^137,^VII, Kristina M Miller ¹³⁸, Tobi J Ming ¹³⁹, Ali Mirazimi ^140,^XI, Gideon J Mordecai ¹⁴¹, Hans-Peter Mühlbach ^142,^VII, Elke Mühlberger ^143,^VI, Rayapati Naidu ^144,^XXIII, Tomohide Natsuaki ^145,^III, José A Navarro ^146,^III, Sergey V Netesov ^147,^VI, Gabriele Neumann ^148,^XIV, Norbert Nowotny ^149,^IV, Márcio R T Nunes ^150,^XVI,^XVIII, Alejandro Olmedo-Velarde ¹⁵¹, Gustavo Palacios ^152,^V,^VI,^XI,^XVIII,^13,¹⁴, Vicente Pallás ^153,^III, Bernadett Pályi ^154,^VI, Anna Papa ^155,^XI, Sofia Paraskevopoulou ¹⁵⁶, Adam C Park ¹⁵⁷, Colin R Parrish ^158,^XIV, David A Patterson ¹⁵⁹, Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa ^160,^XVII, Janusz T Pawęska ^161,^VI,^IX, Susan Payne ^162,^IV, Carlotta Peracchio ¹⁶³, Daniel R Pérez ^164,^XIV, Thomas S Postler ¹⁶⁵, Liying Qi ¹⁶⁶, Sheli R Radoshitzky ^167,^I, Renato O Resende ^168,^XXIII, Carina A Reyes ^169,^III, Bertus K Rima ^170,^IX,^XV, Gabriel Robles Luna ^171,^III, Víctor Romanowski ^172,^I, Paul Rota ^173,^XV, Dennis Rubbenstroth ^174,^IV,^IX,¹⁵, Luisa Rubino ^175,^d, Jonathan A Runstadler ^176,^XIV, Sead Sabanadzovic ^177,^f, Amadou Alpha Sall ^178,^XI, Maria S Salvato ^179,^I, Rosemary Sang ¹⁸⁰, Takahide Sasaya ^181,^III,^V,^XVIII,^XXII,¹⁴, Angela D Schulze ¹⁸², Martin Schwemmle ^183,^XIV, Mang Shi ¹⁸⁴, Xiǎohóng Shí ^185,^XVI, Zhènglì Shí ¹⁸⁶, Yoshifumi Shimomoto ¹⁸⁷, Yukio Shirako ^188,^XXII, Stuart G Siddell ^189,^g, Peter Simmonds ^190,^h, Manuela Sironi ^191,^I, Guy Smagghe ¹⁹², Sophie Smither ^193,^VI, Jin-Won Song ^194,^VIII,^XVIII, Kirsten Spann ^195,^XIX, Jessica R Spengler ^196,^XI, Mark D Stenglein ^197,^I,^IV, David M Stone ^198,^XX, Jari Sugano ¹⁹⁹, Curtis A Suttle ²⁰⁰, Amy Tabata ²⁰¹, Ayato Takada ^202,^VI, Shigeharu Takeuchi ²⁰³, David P Tchouassi ²⁰⁴, Amy Teffer ²⁰⁵, Robert B Tesh ^206,^XX, Natalie J Thornburg ^207,^XIX, Yasuhiro Tomitaka ²⁰⁸, Keizō Tomonaga ^209,^IV, Noël Tordo ^210,^XX, Baldwyn Torto ²¹¹, Jonathan S Towner ^212,^VI, Shinya Tsuda ²¹³, Changchun Tu ²¹⁴, Massimo Turina ^215,^XXIII, Ioannis E Tzanetakis ^216,^III, Janice Uchida ²¹⁷, Tomio Usugi ²¹⁸, Anna Maria Vaira ^219,^III, Marta Vallino ²²⁰, Bernadette van den Hoogen ^221,^XIX, Arvind Varsani ^222,ⁱ, Nikos Vasilakis ^223,^II,^XIII,^XX, Martin Verbeek ^224,^III, Susanne von Bargen ²²⁵, Victoria Wahl ^226,^VI, Jiro Wada ²²⁷, Peter J Walker ^228,^IX,^XX,^j,⁶, Guoping Wang ²²⁹, Lin-Fa Wang ^230,^XV, Yanxiang Wang ²³¹, Yaqin Wang ²³², Muhammad Waqas ²³³, Tàiyún Wèi ^234,^XXII, Shaohua Wen ²³⁵, Anna E Whitfield ^236,^XX,^XXIII, John V Williams ^237,^XIX, Yuri I Wolf ^238,^XII, Jiangxiang Wu ²³⁹, Lei Xu ²⁴⁰, Hironobu Yanagisawa ²⁴¹, Caixia Yang ²⁴², Zuokun Yang ²⁴³, F Murilo Zerbini ^244,^k, Lifeng Zhai ²⁴⁵, Song Zhang ²⁴⁶, Jinguo Zhang ²⁴⁷, Yong-Zhen Zhang ^248,^V,^VIII,^IX, Zhe Zhang ²⁴⁹, Xueping Zhou ^250,^XXII

¹Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA

²United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA

³Zoology Department, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology, Kenya

⁴Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Germany

⁵D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology of N.F. Gamaleya National Center on Epidemiology and Microbiology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Russia

⁶Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA

⁷University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana Faculty of Medicine, Slovenia

⁸Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid—Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

⁹Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Insitute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens GA, USA

¹⁰Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

¹¹Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA

¹²Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

¹³Edge BioInnovation Consulting and Mgt, Frederick, Maryland, USA

¹⁴Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

¹⁵UFyMA, INTA-CONICET, Cordoba, Argentina

¹⁶Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center–Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA

¹⁷University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA

¹⁸Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

¹⁹School of Veterinary Medicine, One Health Institute, University of California, Davis California USA

²⁰Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA

²¹Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Victoria, Australia

²²NIBIO - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research

²³School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, United Kingdom; National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, DL1 1HG, United Kingdom

²⁴University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA

²⁵University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA

²⁶University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; US Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA

²⁷Center for Infection and Immunity, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA

²⁸French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety ANSES, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France

²⁹School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA

³⁰RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

³¹Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA

³²The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas, Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA

³³Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service and Division of Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa

³⁴Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Germany

³⁵Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado

³⁶National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China

³⁷Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit, National Microbiology Center, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

³⁸Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA

³⁹Unité des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ – IRD 190 – Inserm 1207 – IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France

⁴⁰State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

⁴¹Grape and Persimmon Research Station, Institute of Fruit tree and Tea Science, NARO, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan

⁴²Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy

⁴³Plant Breeding Genetics and Biotechnology Division and International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines

⁴⁴Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy

⁴⁵Les Mandinaux, Le Grand Madieu, France

⁴⁶Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland USA

⁴⁷CIDEFI. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina

⁴⁸Unité des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ – IRD 190 – Inserm 1207 – IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France

⁴⁹Department of Immunology and Microbiology IMM-6, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA

⁵⁰Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, The Netherlands

⁵¹Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IPAVE-CIAP-INTA), Córdoba, Argentina; Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UFYMA-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina

⁵²UMR 1161 Virology ANSES/INRAE/ENVA, ANSES Animal Health Laboratory, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France

⁵³Pacific Salmon Foundation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

⁵⁴United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA

⁵⁵Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy

⁵⁶Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia

⁵⁷CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano, Italy

⁵⁸Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany

⁵⁹Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

⁶⁰Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany

⁶¹Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany

⁶²Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria

⁶³University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

⁶⁴United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA

⁶⁵School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK

⁶⁶Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

⁶⁷Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano, Italy

⁶⁸Virology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

⁶⁹School of Veterinary Medicine, St George’s University, True Blue, Grenada, West Indies

⁷⁰Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey, UK

⁷¹Institute for sustainable plant protection - CNR, Torino, Italy

⁷²World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

⁷³Plant Virology Department, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Czech Republic

⁷⁴Embrapa Cassava and Fruits, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil

⁷⁵College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

⁷⁶Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute for Crop and Animal Sciences, Division Phytomedicine, Berlin, Germany

⁷⁷Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany

⁷⁸National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China

⁷⁹Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CONICET UNLP, La Plata, Argentina

⁸⁰Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA

⁸¹United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA

⁸²Landesamt für ländliche Entwicklung, Landwirtschaft und Flurneuordnung, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany.; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Germany

⁸³Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Wisconsin, USA

⁸⁴Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Division of Biomedical Graduate Research Organization, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; Centaurus Biotechnologies, CTP, Manassas, VA, USA

⁸⁵Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

⁸⁶Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

⁸⁷Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arboviruses and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Department of Virology, Hamburg, Germany

⁸⁸Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

⁸⁹United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, USNA, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, Beltsville, Maryland, USA

⁹⁰College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

⁹¹University of Helsinki, Medicum, Department of Virology, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

⁹²London School of Hygeine and Tropical Medicine, London, UK

⁹³Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

⁹⁴Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, China

⁹⁵Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan

⁹⁶Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan

⁹⁷University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA

⁹⁸State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

⁹⁹Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA

¹⁰⁰Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Germany

¹⁰¹School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia

¹⁰²Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

¹⁰³Silva Lapponica, Rovaniemi, Finland

¹⁰⁴State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China

¹⁰⁵Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines

¹⁰⁶Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Berlin, Germany

¹⁰⁷Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan

¹⁰⁸Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada

¹⁰⁹University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA

¹¹⁰Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia

¹¹¹Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

¹¹²Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada

¹¹³Plant Virology Department, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Czech Republic

¹¹⁴Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan

¹¹⁵National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

¹¹⁶Archaeal Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France

¹¹⁷Central Region Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

¹¹⁸US Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA

¹¹⁹KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

¹²⁰Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA

¹²¹Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Washington, USA

¹²²Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA

¹²³The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA

¹²⁴MIVEGEC (IRD-CNRS-Montpellier university) unit, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Montpellier, France

¹²⁵Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

¹²⁶Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, China

¹²⁷Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, British Columbia, V9T 6N7, Canada

¹²⁸Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, China

¹²⁹Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, and the Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA

¹³⁰KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Leuven, Belgium

¹³¹Virology Research Center, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

¹³²Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany

¹³³C Biology Department Faculty of Sciences Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaiso -Curauma Campus-Valparaiso-Chile; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Campus Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile

¹³⁴United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service

¹³⁵Worldwide Influenza Centre, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK

¹³⁶Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA

¹³⁷Biocentre Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

¹³⁸Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada

¹³⁹Molecular Genetics, Pacific Biological Station, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada

¹⁴⁰Folkhalsomyndigheten, Stockholm, Sweden

¹⁴¹Department of Medicine, Univeristy of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

¹⁴²Biocentre Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

¹⁴³Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

¹⁴⁴Washington State University, Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Prosser, Washington, USA

¹⁴⁵School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan

¹⁴⁶Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain

¹⁴⁷Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia

¹⁴⁸Influenza Research Institute, Dept. of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison

¹⁴⁹Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

¹⁵⁰Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Pará, Brazil

¹⁵¹University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA

¹⁵²United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA

¹⁵³Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain

¹⁵⁴National Biosafety Laboratory, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary

¹⁵⁵National Reference Centre for Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever viruses, Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

¹⁵⁶Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

¹⁵⁷University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; Hawaii Department of Agriculture, Honolulu, HI, USA

¹⁵⁸Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

¹⁵⁹Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada

¹⁶⁰Department of Veterinary Integrated Biosciences and Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA; Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, BraziL

¹⁶¹Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham-Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa

¹⁶²Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

¹⁶³Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy

¹⁶⁴Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA

¹⁶⁵Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, U.S.A.

¹⁶⁶Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China

¹⁶⁷The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, Washington, USA

¹⁶⁸Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil

¹⁶⁹Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

¹⁷⁰Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK

¹⁷¹Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

¹⁷²Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Centro Cientifico Technológico-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científico Tecnológico—Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina

¹⁷³National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

¹⁷⁴Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald – Insel Riems, Germany

¹⁷⁵Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Bari, Italy

¹⁷⁶Department of Infectious Disease & Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA

¹⁷⁷Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA

¹⁷⁸Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal

¹⁷⁹Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

¹⁸⁰International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya

¹⁸¹Institute for Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan

¹⁸²Molecular Genetics Lab, Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, B.C.

¹⁸³University Medical Center-University Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany

¹⁸⁴Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China

¹⁸⁵MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, Scotland, UK

¹⁸⁶CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China.

¹⁸⁷Kochi Agricultural Research Center, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan

¹⁸⁸Asian Center for Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

¹⁸⁹School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

¹⁹⁰Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

¹⁹¹Bioinformatics Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS “E. Medea,” Bosisio Parini, Italy

¹⁹²Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent, Belgium

¹⁹³CBR Division, Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK

¹⁹⁴Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

¹⁹⁵School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

¹⁹⁶Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens & Pathology, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention

¹⁹⁷Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA

¹⁹⁸Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK

¹⁹⁹University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA

²⁰⁰Departments of Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, Microbiology & Immunology, and Botany, and the Institute for Oceans & Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

²⁰¹Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada

²⁰²Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

²⁰³Japan Plant Protection Association Kochi Experiment Station, Konan, Kochi, Japan

²⁰⁴International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya

²⁰⁵Department of Forest Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

²⁰⁶The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA

²⁰⁷Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

²⁰⁸Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Koshi, Kumamoto, Japan

²⁰⁹Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (inFront), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

²¹⁰Institut Pasteur, Unité des Stratégies Antivirales, WHO Collaborative Centre for Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers and Arboviruses, OIE Reference Laboratory for RVFV & CCHFV, Paris, France & Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Conakry, Guinea

²¹¹International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya

²¹²Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

²¹³Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan

²¹⁴Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province, China

²¹⁵National Institute of Optics, National Research Council of Italy (INO-CNR), Via Branze 45, 25123 Brescia, Italy

²¹⁶Dept. of Entomology & Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR 72701

²¹⁷University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA

²¹⁸Central Region Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

²¹⁹Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), 73 Strada delle Cacce, 10135 Torino, Italy

²²⁰Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), 73 Strada delle Cacce, 10135 Torino, Italy

²²¹Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

²²²The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA; Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa

²²³The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA

²²⁴Wageningen University and Research, Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands

²²⁵Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Germany

²²⁶National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA

²²⁷Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA

²²⁸School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia

²²⁹Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, China

²³⁰Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore

²³¹Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, China

²³²State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

²³³Key Laboratory of Crop Disease Monitoring&Safety Control in Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei

²³⁴Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China

²³⁵Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, China

²³⁶Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

²³⁷School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

²³⁸National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

²³⁹State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

²⁴⁰Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China

²⁴¹Narita Branch, Yokohama Plant Protection Station, Narita, Chiba, Japan

²⁴²College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

²⁴³Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, China

²⁴⁴Departamento de Fitopatologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil

²⁴⁵Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China

²⁴⁶National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China

²⁴⁷National Sand Pear Germplasm Repository in Wuchang, Research Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, Hubei, China

²⁴⁸National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China; Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

²⁴⁹Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, China

²⁵⁰State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China

The 2017–2020 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Study Groups:

Arenaviridae

^II

Artoviridae

^III

Aspiviridae

^IV

Bornaviridae

Bunyavirales

^VI

Filoviridae

^VII

Fimoviridae

^VIII

Hantaviridae

^IX

Monjiviricetes

Mymonaviridae

^XI

Nairoviridae

^XII

Negarnaviricota

^XIII

Nyamiviridae

^XIV

Orthomyxoviridae

^XV

Paramyxoviridae

^XVI

Peribunyaviridae

^XVII

Phasmaviridae

XVIII: Phenuiviridae

^XIX

Pneumoviridae

^XX

Rhabdoviridae

^XXI

Sunviridae

^XXII

Tenuivirus

XXIII: Tospoviridae

2017–2020 and 2020–2023 ICTV Chair of the Animal dsRNA and ssRNA- Viruses Subcommittee

2020–2023 ICTV Chair of the Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee

2020–2023 ICTV Data Secretary

2017–2020 Elected Member of the ICTV Executive Committee and 2020–2023 ICTV Chair of the Plant Viruses Subcommittee

2017–2020 Elected Member of the ICTV Executive Committee and 2020–2023 ICTV Chair Fungal and Protist Viruses Subcommittee

2020–2023 ICTV Vice-President

2017–2020 ICTV Chair of the Fungal and Protist Viruses Subcommittee and 2020–2023 ICTV Chair of the Animal ssRNA+ Viruses Subcommittee

ⁱ

2017–2020 Elected Member of the ICTV Executive Committee and 2020–2023 ICTV Chair of the Animal DNA Viruses and Retroviruses Subcommittee

2017–2020 and 2020–2023 ICTV Proposal Secretary

2017–2020 ICTV Chair of the Plant Viruses Subcommittee and the 2020–2023 ICTV President

Chair of the 2017–2020 and 2020–2023 ICTV Bunyavirales, Filoviridae, and Negarnaviricota Study Groups

Chair of the 2017–2020 and 2020–2023 ICTV Arenaviridae Study Group

Chair of the 2020 and 2020–2023 ICTV Jingchuvirales Study Group

⁴

Chair of the 2017–2020 and 2020–2023 ICTV Artoviridae and Nyamiviridae Study Groups

⁵

Chair of the 2017–2020 and 2020–2023 ICTV Pneumoviridae Study Group

⁶

Chair of the 2017–2020 (Peter J. Walker) and Co-Chairs of the 2020–2023 (Juliana Freitas-Astúa and Peter J. Walker) ICTV Rhabdoviridae Study Group

⁷

Chair of the 2017–2020 and 2020–2023 ICTV Orthomyxoviridae Study Group

⁸

Chair of the 2020–2023 ICTV Peribunyaviridae Study Group

⁹

Chair of the 2017–2020 and 2020–2023 ICTV Sunviridae Study Group

¹⁰

Chair of the 2017–2020 and 2020–2023 ICTV Mymonaviridae Study Group

¹¹

Chair of the 2017–2020 and 2020–2023 ICTV Phasmaviridae Study Group

¹²

Chair of the 2017–2020 and 2020–2023 ICTV Hantaviridae and Monjiviricetes Study Groups

¹³

Chair of the 2017–2020 2020–2023 ICTV Nairoviridae and Study Group

¹⁴

Chairs of the 2017–2020 (Gustavo Palacios) and Co-Chairs (Gustavo Palacios and Takahide Sasaya) of the 2020–2023 ICTV Phenuiviridae Study Group

¹⁵

Chair of the 2017–2020 and 2020–2023 ICTV Bornaviridae Study Group

Corresponding author: Jens H. Kuhn, Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), Division of Clinical Research (DCR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Phone: +1-301-631-7245; Fax: +1-301-631-7389; kuhnjens@mail.nih.gov

PMCID: PMC8627462 NIHMSID: NIHMS1744207 PMID: 34463877

Abstract

In March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, Myriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and Gammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.

Keywords: Aliusviridae, Arenaviridae, Articulavirales, Artoviridae, Aspiviridae, Bornaviridae, Bunyavirales, bunyavirus, Crepuscuviridae, Filoviridae, Fimoviridae, Goujianvirales, Hantaviridae, ICTV, International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, Jingchuvirales, megaclassification, megataxonomy, Mononegavirales, Muvirales, Mymonaviridae, Myriaviridae, Nairoviridae, Natareviridae, Negarnaviricota, Nyamiviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Orthornavirae, Paramyxoviridae, Peribunyaviridae, Phasmaviridae, Phenuiviridae, Pneumoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Riboviria, Serpentovirales, Sunviridae, Tenuivirus, Tospoviridae, virus classification, virus nomenclature, virus taxonomy

INTRODUCTION

Phylum Negarnaviricota was established in 2019 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) for negative-sense RNA viruses that can be connected evolutionarily through the possession of virally encoded RNA-directed RNA polymerases (RdRps). The phylum includes two subphyla, Haploviricotina and Polyploviricotina, for negative-sense RNA viruses that encode RdRps with or without mRNA capping activity, respectively. The two subphyla include four classes (Chunqiuviricetes, Milneviricetes, Monjiviricetes, and Yunchangviricetes) and two classes (Ellioviricetes and Insthoviricetes), respectively [56, 93, 109]. The phylum was last amended/emended in 2020 [57]. Here we present the changes that were proposed to the phylum via official taxonomic proposals (TaxoProps) in 2020 and accepted by the ICTV in March 2021 (https://talk.ictvonline.org/files/ictv_official_taxonomy_updates_since_the_8th_report/). These changes are now part of the official ICTV taxonomy.

TAXONOMIC CHANGES ABOVE THE PHYLUM RANK

The type species concept was abolished throughout virus taxonomy (TaxoProp 2020.001G.A.v1.Abolish_type_species).

Taxonomic changes within order Jingchuvirales (Haploviricotina: Monjiviricetes)

The order Jingchuvirales was thoroughly revised (TaxoProps 2020.026M.A.v1.Jingchuvirales and 2020.030M.R.Negarnaviricota_corrections). Four new families were created:

Aliusviridae: genus Obscuruvirus, including a single species, Obscuruvirus quintum, was created for Atrato chu-like virus 5 (AClV-5), discovered in culicid mosquitoes (Psorophora albipes (Theobald, 1907)) sampled in Colombia [unpublished, GenBank #MN661033]. Genus Ollusvirus was created for species Beetle mivirus, Shayang mivirus, and Taiyuan mivirus, which were moved from Chuviridae: Mivirus and renamed Ollusvirus coleopteri, Olluvirus shayangense, and Ollusvirus taiyuanense, respectively. Five new species were included in the genus:
- Ollusvirus culvertonense for Culverton virus (CvV), discovered by high-throughput sequencing (HTS) in a Hercules’ flea (Macropsylla hercules Rothschild, 1905) sampled in Timbillica State Forest, New South Wales, Australia [41];
- Ollusvirus hanchengense for Hánchéng leafhopper mivirus (HLMV), discovered by HTS in a leafhopper (Psammotettix alienus (Dahlbom 1850)) sampled in Hánchéng (韩城市), Shaanxi/Shǎnxī Province (陕西省), China [39];
- Ollusvirus hymenopteri for hymenopteran chu-related virus 123 (HCrV-123) disovered by HTS in a cleptoparasitic bee (Dioxys cincta (Jurine, 1807)) sampled in Lacs des Millefonts, Alpes-Maritimes, France [49];
- Ollusvirus insectii for hymenopteran chu-related virus 126 (HCrV-126), discovered by HTS in a crabronid wasp (Oxybelus bipunctatus Olivier, 1812) sampled in Battenberg, Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz), Germany [49]; and
- Ollusvirus scaldisense for Scaldis River bee virus (SRBV), discovered by HTS in a European orchard bee (Osmia cornuta (Latreille, 1805)) sampled in Ghent, Flemish Region (Vlaams Gewest), Belgium [88];
Crepuscuviridae: a single genus, Aqualaruvirus, including a single species, Aqualaruvirus sialis, was created for megalopteran chu-related virus 119 (MCrV-119), discovered by HTS in a corydalid fly sampled in Bejuma, Carabobo State (Estado Carabobo), Venezuela [49];
Myriaviridae: a single genus, Myriavirus, was created for species Myriapod mivirus, which was moved from Chuviridae: Mivirus and renamed Myriavirus myriapedis; and
Natareviridae: a single genus, Charybdivirus, was created for species Charybdis mivirus, which was moved from Chuviridae: Mivirus and renamed Charybdivirus charybdis.

In family Chuviridae, 13 new genera were created:

genus Boscovirus was created for species Hippoboscid mivirus and Louse fly mivirus, which were moved from Chuviridae: Mivirus and renamed Boscovirus hippoboscidae and Boscovirus hypoboscidae, respectively;
genus Chuvivirus was created for species Brunnich mivirus and Crab mivirus, which were moved from Chuviridae: Mivirus and renamed Chuvivirus brunnichi and Chuvivirus canceris, respectively;
genus Culicidavirus was created for species Imjin mivirus and Mosquito mivirus, which were moved from Chuviridae: Mivirus and renamed Culicidavirus imjinense and Culicidavirus culicidae, respectively. Two new species were created:
- Culicidavirus culicis for Culex mosquito virus 5 (ClMV-5), discovered by HTS in a Culex mosquito sampled in the USA [86]; and
- Culicidavirus quitotaense for Culex mosquito virus 4 (ClMV-4), discovered by HTS in a culicid mosquito (Culex sp.) sampled in the USA [86];
genus Doliuvirus was created for a single new species, Doliuvirus culisetae, for Mos8Chu0 chuvirus (MoCV), discovered by HTS in culicid mosquitoes (Culiseta minnesotae Barr, 1957) sampled in the USA [unpublished; GenBank #KX924630];
genus Demapteravirus was created for a single new species, Demapteravirus dermapteri, for dermapteran chu-related virus 142 (DCrV-142), discovered by HTS in earwigs (Gonolabis marginalis (Dohrn, 1864)) sampled in Tsukuba (つくば市), Ibaraki Prefecture (茨城県), Japan [49];
genus Morsusvirus was created for species Argas mivirus, which was moved from Chuviridae: Mivirus and renamed Morsusvirus argatis;
genus Nigecruvirus was created for a single new species, Nigecruvirus ixodes, for blacklegged tick chuvirus-2 (BlTC-2), discovered by HTS in a deer tick (Ixodes scapularis Say, 1821) sampled in the USA [100];
genus Odonatavirus was created for species Odonate mivirus, which was moved from Chuviridae: Mivirus and renamed Odonatavirus fabricii. Two new species were created:
- Odonatavirus draconis for odonatan chu-related virus 137 (OCrV-137), discovered by HTS in a common flatwing (Austroargiolestes icteromelas (Selys, 1862)) sampled in Uriarra State Forest, Australian Capital Territory, Australia [49]; and
- Odonatavirus odontis for odonatan chu-related virus 136 (OCrV-136), discovered by HTS in a whitewater rockmaster (Diphlebia lestoides (Selys, 1853)) sampled in Gibraltar Creek, Australian Capital Territory, Australia, [49];
genus Pediavirus was created for species Barnacle mivirus, which was moved from Chuviridae: Mivirus and renamed Pediavirus cirripedis;
genus Piscichuvirus was created for species Sanxia mivirus, which was moved from Chuviridae: Mivirus and renamed Piscichuvirus sanxiaense. Three new species were created:
- Piscichuvirus franki for Herr Frank virus 1 (HFrV-1), discovered by HTS in a Brazilian boa constrictor (Boa constrictor Linnaeus, 1758) [3];
- Piscichuvirus lycodontis for Guǎngdōng red-banded snake chuvirus-like virus (GRSCV), discovered by HTS in a colubrid snake (Lycodon rufozonatus (Cantor, 1842) sampled in China [92]; and
- Piscichuvirus wenlingense for Wēnlǐng fish chu-like virus (WFClV), discovered by HTS in a longspine snipefish (Macroramphosus scolopax (Linnaeus, 1758)) sampled in China [92];
genus Pterovirus was created for a single new species, Pterovirus chulinense, for hymenopteran chu-related virus OKIAV147 (HCrV-147), discovered by HTS in an aphelinid wasp (Aphelinus abdominalis (Dalman, 1820)) in a laboratory culture of wasps of unknown geographical origin [49];
genus Scarabeuvirus was created for species Cockroach mivirus, Hubei odonate mivirus, Hubei mivirus, and Lishi mivirus, which were moved from Chuviridae: Mivirus and renamed Scarabeuvirus blattae, Scarabeuvirus dentati, Scarabeuvirus hubeiense, and Scarabeuvirus lishiense, respectively. A new species, Scarabeuvirus lampyris, was created for Lampyris noctiluca chuvirus-like virus 1 (LNClV-1), discovered by HTS in a common glow-worm (Lampyris noctiluca (Linnaeus, 1767)) sampled in Finland [102]; and
genus Taceavirus was created for species Wenling mivirus, which was moved from Chuviridae: Mivirus and renamed Taceavirus wenlingense.

In chuvirid genus Mivirus, three new species were created:

Mivirus genovaense for Genoa virus (GeV), discovered by HTS in an Australian paralysis tick (Ixodes holocyclus Neumann, 1899) sampled in New South Wales, Australia [42];
Mivirus karukeraense for Karukera tick virus (KtV), discovered by HTS in ixodid ticks sampled in Guadeloupe/Martinique, France [38]; and
Mivirus rhipicephali for brown dog tick mivirus 1 (BDTMV-1), discovered by HTS in brown dog ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806)) sampled in Trinidad and Tobago [87].

Six mivirus species were renamed:

Lonestar mivirus → Mivirus amblyommae;
Bole mivirus → Mivirus boleense;
Changping mivirus → Mivirus changpingense;
Dermacentor mivirus → Mivirus dermacentoris;
Suffolk mivirus → Mivirus suffolkense; and
Wuhan mivirus → Mivirus wuhanense.

Four mivirus species were deleted:

Crustacean mivirus;
Hermit mivirus;
Lacewing mivirus; and
Xinzhou mivirus.

Taxonomic changes within order Mononegavirales (Haploviricotina: Monjiviricetes)

Family Mymonaviridae

Family Mymonaviridae was thoroughly revised. Seven new genera were established:

genus Auricularimonavirus was established for one new species, Auricularimonavirus auriculariae, for Auricularia heimuer negative-stranded RNA virus 1 (AhNRSV-1), discovered in a jelly fungus (Auricularia heimuer F. Wu, B. K. Cui & Y. C. Dai 2014) sampled in China [unpublished; GenBank #MT259204];
genus Botrytimonavirus was established for one new species, Botrytimonavirus botrytidis, for Botrytis cinerea negative-stranded RNA virus 7 (BcNSRV-7), discovered in gray mold (Botrytis cinerea Pers. (1794)) sampled in Italy and Spain [84]. Species Dadou sclerotimonavirus and Drop sclerotimonavirus were moved from Mymonaviridae: Sclerotimonavirus and renamed Botrytimonavirus glycinis and Botrytimonavirus sclerotiniae, respectively. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum negative-stranded RNA virus 2-A (SsNSRV-2-A) and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum negative-stranded RNA virus 4-A (SsNSRV-4-A), both discovered by HTS in cottony rot fungi (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary (1884)) sampled in Australia [72], were moved into species Botrytimonavirus sclerotiniae;
genus Lentimonavirus was established for Lentinula hubramonavirus, which was moved from Mymonaviridae: Hubramonavirus and renamed Lentimonavirus lentinulae;
genus Penicillimonavirus was established for ten novel species:
- Penicillimonavirus alphapenicillii for Penicillium adametzioides negative-stranded RNA virus 1 (PaNsRV-1), discovered by HTS in a fungus (Penicillium adametzioides S. Abe ex G. Smith 1963) sampled in Spresiano, Veneto Region, Italy [73];
- Penicillimonavirus alphaplasmoparae for Plasmopara viticola lesion associated mononegaambi virus 1 (PvaMV-1), discovered by HTS in grapevines (Vitis sp.) infected by an oomycete (Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Berl. & De Toni, (1888)) sampled in Italy [17];
- Penicillimonavirus betapenicillii for Penicillium glabrum negative-stranded RNA virus 1 (PgRlV-1), discovered by HTS in a fungus (Penicillium glabrum (Wehmer) Westling, (1911)) sampled in Spresiano, Veneto Region, Italy [73];
- Penicillimonavirus betaplasmoparae for Plasmopara viticola lesion associated mononegaambi virus 2 (PvaMV-2) and Plasmopara viticola lesion associated mononegaambi virus 4 (PvaMV-4), both discovered by HTS in grapevines (Vitis sp.) infected by an oomycete (Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Berl. & De Toni, (1888)) sampled in Italy (PvaMV-2 and PvaMV-4) and Spain (PvaMV-2) [17];
- Penicillimonavirus deltaplasmoparae for Plasmopara viticola lesion associated mononegaambi virus 5 (PvaMV-5), discovered by HTS in grapevines (Vitis sp.) infected by an oomycete (Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Berl. & De Toni, (1888)) sampled in Italy [17];
- Penicillimonavirus epsilonplasmoparae for Plasmopara viticola lesion associated mononegaambi virus 6 (PvaMV-6), discovered by HTS in grapevines (Vitis sp.) infected by an oomycete (Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Berl. & De Toni, (1888)) sampled in Italy and Spain [17];
- Penicillimonavirus etaplasmoparae for Plasmopara viticola lesion associated mononegaambi virus 9 (PvaMV-9), discovered by HTS in grapevines (Vitis sp.) infected by an oomycete (Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Berl. & De Toni, (1888)) sampled in Italy [17];
- Penicillimonavirus gammaplasmopara for Plasmopara viticola lesion associated mononegaambi virus 3 (PvaMV-3), discovered by HTS in grapevines (Vitis sp.) infected by an oomycete (Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Berl. & De Toni, (1888)) sampled in Italy [17];
- Penicillimonavirus kilnbarnense for Kiln Barn virus (KBV), discovered by HTS in a spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931)) sampled in the UK [70]; and
- Penicillimonavirus zetaplasmoparae for Plasmopara viticola lesion associated mononegaambi virus 7 (PvaMV-7), discovered by HTS in grapevines (Vitis sp.) infected by an oomycete (Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Berl. & De Toni, (1888)) sampled in Italy [17];
genus Phyllomonavirus was established for one new species, Phyllomonavirus gysingense, for Gysinge virus (GYSV), discovered by HTS in culicid mosquitoes (Culex sp.) or associated fungi sampled in Sweden [80]. Species Phyllosphere sclerotimonavirus was moved from Mymonaviridae: Sclerotimonavirus and renamed Phyllomonavirus phyllospherae;
genus Plasmopamonavirus was established for one new species, Plasmopamonavirus plasmoparae, for Plasmopara viticola lesion associated mononegaambi virus 8 (PvaMV-8), discovered by HTS in grapevines (Vitis sp.) infected by an oomycete (Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Berl. & De Toni, (1888)) sampled in Spain [17]; and
genus Rhizomonavirus was established for one new species, Rhizomonavirus mali, for apple virus B (APPV-B), discovered by HTS in apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh., 1803) sampled in Washington, USA [110].

Genus Hubramonavirus was expanded by one new species, Hubramonavirus terrae, for H2BulkLitter1223 virus, discovered by HTS in grassland soil collected in Hopland, California, USA [98]. Species Hubei hubramonavirus was renamed as Hubramonavirus hubeiense (TaxoProp 2020.004F.A.v1.Mymona). Species Hubei sclerotimonavirus was deleted (TaxoProp 2020.006M.A.v1.Corrections).

Genus Sclerotimonavirus was expanded by eight novel species (TaxoProp 2020.004F.A.v1.Mymona):

Sclerotimonavirus alphaclarireediae for Sclerotinia homoeocarpa TSA contig 1 (ShTSA-1) and Sclerotinia homoeocarpa TSA contig 2 (ShTSA-2), both discovered by data mining of transcriptome shotgun assemblies (TSAs) of a fungus (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa (Bennett, 1937)) [54];
Sclerotimonavirus alphaplasmoparae for Plasmopara viticola lesion associated mymonavirus 1 (PvaMV-1), discovered by HTS in grapevines (Vitis sp.) infected by an oomycete (Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Berl. & De Toni, (1888)) sampled in Italy [17];
Sclerotimonavirus alternariae for Alternaria tenuissima negative-stranded RNA virus 1 (AtNsRV-1), discovered by HTS in a fungus (Alternaria tenuissima Samuel Paul Wiltshire (1933)) sampled in Spresiano, Veneto Region, Italy [73];
Sclerotimonavirus betaclarireediae for Sclerotinia homoeocarpa TSA contig 3 (ShTSA-3), discovered by data mining of transcriptome shotgun assemblies (TSAs) of a fungus (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa (Bennett, 1937)) [54];
Sclerotimonavirus betaplasmoparae for Plasmopara viticola lesion associated mononega virus 2 (PvaMV-2), discovered by HTS in grapevines (Vitis sp.) infected by an oomycete (Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Berl. & De Toni, (1888)) sampled in Italy and Spain [17];
Sclerotimonavirus botrytidis for Botrytis cinerea mymonavirus 1 (BcMyV-1), discovered by HTS in a gray mold (Botrytis cinerea Pers. (1794)) [40] and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum negative-stranded RNA virus 7 (SsNSRV-7), discovered by HTS in cottony rot fungi (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary (1884)) [72] sampled in Australia;
Sclerotimonavirus penicillii for Penicillium cairnsense negative-stranded RNA virus 1 (PcNsRV-1), discovered by HTS in a fungus (Penicillium cairnsense Houbraken, J.; Frisvad, J.C.; Cole, T.; Samson, R.A. 2011) sampled in Spresiano, Veneto Region, Italy [73]; and
Sclerotimonavirus terrae for H4BulkLitter234 virus, discovered by HTS in grassland soil collected in Hopland, California, USA [98].

Species Glycine sclerotimonavirus, Illinois sclerotimonavirus, and Sclerotinia sclerotimonavirus were renamed as Sclerotimonavirus fusarii, Sclerotimonavirus illinoisense, and Sclerotimonavirus sclerotiniae, respectively. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum negative-stranded RNA virus 1-A (SsNSRV-1-A) and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum negative-stranded RNA virus 3-A (SsNSRV-3-A), both discovered by HTS in cottony rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary (1884)) sampled in Australia [72], were moved into the species Sclerotimonavirus sclerotiniae.

Family Nyamiviridae

One new genus, Formivirus, was established for four novel species (TaxoProp 2020.024M.A.v1.Nyamiviridae_1ngen_5nsp):

Chalybion formivirus for hymenopteran orino-related virus OKIAV87 (HORV-87), discovered by HTS in a blue mud dauber (Chalybion californicum (Saussure, 1867)) sampled in Tennessee, USA [49];
Exsecta formivirus for Formica exsecta virus 4 (FeV-4), discovered by HTS in a narrow-headed ant (Formica exsecta Nylander, 1846) sampled on Hanko Peninsula (Hankoniemi), southwestern Finland [23];
Fusca formivirus for Formica fusca virus 1 (FfusV-1), discovered by HTS in a formicid ant (Formica fusca Linnaeus, 1758) collected in Cambridge, East of England, UK [52]; and
Gorytes formivirus for hymenopteran orino-related virus OKIAV85 (HORV-85), discovered by HTS in a sand wasp (Gorytes laticinctus (Lepeletier, 1832)) collected in Albersweiler, Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz), Germany in 2011 [49].

Genus Nyavirus was expanded by one species, Jacinto nyavirus, for San Jacinto virus (SJCV) isolated from a common starling (Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758) sampled in Harris County, Texas [104] (TaxoProp 2020.024M.A.v1.Nyamiviridae_1ngen_5nsp).

Family Paramyxoviridae

Genus Metaavulavirus was expanded by one species, Avian metaavulavirus 22, for avian paramyxovirus 22 (APMV-22) isolated from turtle doves (Streptopelia tranquebarica (Hermann, 1804)) sampled in Taiwan [64] (TaxoProp 2020.011M.A.v1.Metaavulavirus_1nsp).

Species Avian orthovulavirus 21 [sic] was deleted (TaxoProp 2020.006M.A.v1.Corrections).

Family Rhabdoviridae

Family Rhabdoviridae was split into three subfamilies:

Alpharhabdovirinae for genera Almendravirus, Alphanemrhavirus, Arurhavirus, Barhavirus, Caligrhavirus, Curiovirus, Ephemerovirus, Hapavirus, Ledantevirus, Lostrhavirus, Lyssavirus, Mousrhavirus, Ohlsrhavirus, Perhabdovirus, Sawgrhavirus, Sigmavirus, Sprivivirus, Sripuvirus, Sunrhavirus, Tibrovirus, Tupavirus, Vesiculovirus, and Zarhavirus;
Betarhabdovirinae for genera Alphanucleorhabdovirus, Betanucleorhabdovirus, Cytorhabdovirus, Dichorhavirus, Gammanucleorhabdovirus, and Varicosavirus; and
Gammarhabdovirinae for genus Novirhabdovirus (TaxoProp 2020.016M.A.v1.Rhabdoviridae_3subfam).

Three new genera were included in subfamily Alpharhabdovirinae:

genus Alphapaprhavirus, including two novel species (TaxoProp 2020.014M.A.v1.Alphapaprhavirus_1gen2sp):
- Hubei alphapaprhavirus for Hubei lepidoptera virus 2 (HbLV-2), discovered by HTS in insects (Lepidoptera) sampled in Húběi Province (湖北省), China [91]; and
- Pararge alphapaprhavirus for Pararge aegeria rhabdovirus (PAeRV), discovered by HTS in speckled wood (Pararge aegeria (Linnaeus, 1758)) in Belgium [65]. Lepidopteran rhabdo-related virus OKIAV-12 [49] is a junior synonym of PAeRV;
genus Alpharicinrhavirus, including three novel species (TaxoProp 2020.001M.A.v1.Alpharicinrhavirus):
- Blanchseco alpharicinrhavirus for Blanchseco virus (BCOV), discovered by HTS in ixodid ticks (Amblyomma ovale Koch, 1844) sampled in Trinidad and Tobago [87];
- Bole alpharicinrhavirus for Bole tick virus 2 (BlTV-2), discovered by HTS in ixodid ticks (Hyalomma asiaticum Schulze et Schlottke, 1929) sampled in Bólè (博乐市), Xīnjiāng Uygur Autonomous Region (新疆维吾尔自治区), China [61];
- Wuhan alpharicinrhavirus for Wuhan tick virus 1 (WhTV-1), discovered by HTS in Asian blue ticks (Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini, 1888)) sampled in Wǔhàn (武汉市), Húběi Province (湖北省), China [61]. Rhipicephalus associated rhabdo-like virus (RaRLV/YN-rhabdoV1) [90] is a junior synonym of WhTV-1; and
genus Merhavirus, including two novel species (TaxoProp 2020.015M.A.v1.Merhavirus_1gen2nsp):
- Merida merhavirus for Merida virus (MERDV), discovered in southern house mosquitoes (Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823), black salt marsh mosquitoes (Aedes taeniorhynchus (Wiedemann, 1821)), and Aedes trivittatus (Coquillett, 1902) mosquitoes sampled on Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico [75]. Culex rhabdovirus (CXRV) [86] and Merida-like virus Turkey (MLVT) [28] are junior synonyms of MERDV; and
- Tritaeniorhynchus merhavirus for Culex tritaeniorhynchus rhabdovirus (CTRV) isolated from culicid mosquitoes (Aedes taeniorhynchus (Wiedemann, 1821)) sampled in Chiba (千葉市), Chiba Prefecture (千葉県), Japan [58].

Seven new genera, not assigned to a subfamily, were included in the family:

genus Alphacrustrhavirus, including two new species (TaxoProps 2020.023M.A.v1.Rhabdoviridae_7ngen_16nsp and 2020.030M.R.Negarnaviricota_corrections):
- Wenling alphacrustrhavirus for Wenling crustacean virus 10 (WlCV-10), discovered by HTS in a pool of marine crustaceans of multiple families sampled in Zhèjiāng Province (浙江省), China [91]; and
- Zhejiang alphacrustrhavirus for Wenling crustacean virus 11 (WlCV-11), discovered by HTS in a pool of marine crustaceans of multiple families sampled in Zhèjiāng Province (浙江省), China [91];
genus Alphadrosrhavirus, including two new species (TaxoProp 2020.023M.A.v1.Rhabdoviridae_7ngen_16nsp):
- Hubei alphadrosrhavirus for Wuhan house fly virus 2 (WhHFV-2), discovered by HTS in houseflies (Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758) collected in Húběi Province (湖北省), China [61]; and
- Shayang alphadrosrhavirus for Shayang fly virus 3 (SyFV-3), discovered by HTS in oriental latrine flies (Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794)) collected in Húběi Province (湖北省), China [61];
genus Alphahymrhavirus, including four new species (TaxoProp 2020.023M.A.v1.Rhabdoviridae_7ngen_16nsp):
- Cinereus alphahymrhavirus for hymenopteran rhabdo-related virus 38 (HyRRV-38), discovered in a TSA of a leaden spider wasp (Pompilus cinereus Fabricius, 1798) collected in Birkenheide, Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz), Germany [49];
- Hirtum alphahymrhavirus for hymenopteran rhabdo-related virus 109 (HyRRV-109), discovered in a TSA of a cricket hunter wasp (Chlorion hirtum (Kohl, 1885)) collected in Ein Bokek (עֵין בּוֹקֵק‎), Israel [49];
- Neglectus alphahymrhavirus for Lasius neglectus virus 2 (LnegV-2), discovered in the transcriptome of an ant (Lasius neglectus Van Loon, Boomsma & Andrásfalvy, 1990) sampled in the UK [52]; and
- Radians alphahymrhavirus for hymenopteran rhabdo-related virus 46 (HyRRV-46) discovered in a TSA of a cuckoo wasp (Chrysura radians (Harris, 1776)) collected in Turlin, Italy, in 2012 [49];
genus Betahymrhavirus, including two new species (TaxoProp 2020.023M.A.v1.Rhabdoviridae_7ngen_16nsp):
- Austriaca betahymrhavirus for hymenopteran rhabdo-related virus 23 (HyRRV-23), discovered in a TSA of a cuckoo wasp (Chrysura austriaca (Fabricius, 1804)) collected in Battenberg, Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz), Germany [49]. Hymenopteran rhabdo-related virus 22 (HyRRV-22) [49] is a junior synonym of HyRVV-23; and
- Heterodontonyx betahymrhavirus for hymenopteran rhabdo-related virus 24 (HyRRV-24), discovered in a TSA of a spider wasp (Heterodontonyx sp.) collected in Western Australia [49];
genus Betanemrhavirus, including two new species (TaxoProp 2020.023M.A.v1.Rhabdoviridae_7ngen_16nsp):
- Hubei betanemrhavirus for Hubei rhabdo-like virus 9 (HbRLV-9) detected in large pig roundworms (Ascaris suum (Goeze, 1782)) sampled in Húběi Province (湖北省), China [91]; and
- Shayang betanemrhavirus for Shayang ascaridia galli virus 2 (SyAGV-2) detected in roundworms (Ascaridia galli Schrank, 1788 and Ascaris suum (Goeze, 1782)) sampled in Húběi Province (湖北省), China, [91];
genus Betapaprhavirus, including two new species (TaxoProp 2020.023M.A.v1.Rhabdoviridae_7ngen_16nsp):
- Frugiperda betapaprhavirus for Spodoptera frugiperda rhabdovirus (SfruRV) isolated originally in the Sf9 cell line derived from a fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797)) [67]; and
- Sylvina betapaprhavirus for lepidopteran rhabdo-related virus 34 (LeRRV-34), discovered in a TSA of an orange moth (Triodia sylvina (Linnaeus, 1761)) collected in Höhbeck, Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), Germany [49]; and
genus Betaricinrhavirus, including two new species (TaxoProp 2020.023M.A.v1.Rhabdoviridae_7ngen_16nsp):
- Chimay betaricinrhavirus for Chimay rhabdovirus (CRV), discovered by HTS in castor bean ticks (Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758)) sampled in Belgium [unpublished; GenBank #MF975531]; and
- Scapularis betaricinrhavirus for blacklegged tick rhabdovirus 1 (BLTRV-1), discovered by HTS in deer ticks (Ixodes scapularis Say, 1821) sampled in Connecticut and New York, USA [100].

Genus Alphanucleorhabdovirus was expanded by two species (TaxoProp 2020.013M.A.v1.Plant_rhabdoviruses_9nsp):

Constricta yellow dwarf alphanucleorhabdovirus for constricta yellow dwarf virus (CYDV) first isolated from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in New Jersey, USA [11]. Potato yellow dwarf virus New Jersey (PYDV-New Jersey) is a junior synonym of CYDV [48]; and
Peach alphanucleorhabdovirus for peach virus 1 (PeV1), discovered by HTS in peach (Prunus persica L.) trees sampled in China [115];

Genus Betanucleorhabdovirus was expanded by three species (TaxoProp 2020.013M.A.v1.Plant_rhabdoviruses_9nsp):

Apple betanucleorhabdovirus for apple rootstock virus A (ApRVA), discovered by HTS in apple (Malus spp.) trees in North Gyeongsang Province (경상북도), South Korea [4];
Cardamom betanucleorhabdovirus for cardamom vein clearing virus (CdVCV), discovered by HTS in green cardamon (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) sampled in India [9]; and
Pepper betanucleorhabdovirus for Zhuye pepper nucleorhabdovirus (ZPNRV), discovered by HTS in winged prickly ash (Zanthoxylum armatum DC. v. novemfolius) sampled in China [15].

Genus Cytorhabdovirus was expanded by five species (TaxoProps 2020.004M.A.v1.Cytorhabdovirus_3nsp and 2020.013M.A.v1.Plant_rhabdoviruses_9nsp):

Strawberry cytorhabdovirus 1 for strawberry virus 1 (StrV-1) and strawberry-associated virus 1 (SaV-1), discovered by HTS in garden strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne and Fragaria vesca var. semperflorens Ŕujaná) and woodland strawberries (Fragaria vesca L.) sampled in China [25]and the Czech Republic [31];
Trichosanthes cytorhabdovirus for Trichosanthes associated rhabdovirus 1 (TrARV1) identified in the transcriptome of cucurbit flowering plant (Trichosanthes krilowii Maxim.) sampled in China [37];
Trifolium pratense cytorhabdovirus A for Trifolium pratense virus A (TpVA) isolated from red clovers (Trifolium pratense L.) sampled in Hladké Životice, Moravian-Silesian Region (Moravskoslezský kraj), Czech Republic [32];
Trifolium pratense cytorhabdovirus B for Trifolium pratense virus B (TpVB) ), discovered by HTS in red clovers (Trifolium pratense L.) sampled in Boršov nad Vltavou, South Bohemia Region (Jihočeský kraj), Czech Republic [32]; and
Yerba mate cytorhabdovirus for yerba mate virus A (YmVA), discovered by HTS in yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.) sampled in Gobernador Virasoro, Province of Corrientes (Provincia de Corrientes), Argentina [6].

Genus Ephemerovirus was expanded by three species (TaxoProp 2020.005M.A.v1.Ephemerovirus_3nsp):

Hayes ephemerovirus for Hayes Yard virus (HYV) isolated from a zebu (Bos taurus indicus Linnaeus, 1758) sampled in Northern Territory, Australia [12];
Kent ephemerovirus for New Kent County virus (NKCV), discovered by HTS in a deer tick (Ixodes scapularis Say, 1821) sampled in New Kent County, Virginia, USA [100]; and
Puchong ephemerovirus for Puchong virus (PUCV) first isolated in 1965 from culicid mosquitoes (Mansonia uniformis (Theobald, 1901)) collected in Selangor Darul Ehsan State (سلاڠور دار الإحسان), Malaysia [51].

Genus Ledantevirus was expanded by one species, Bughendera ledantevirus, for Bughendera virus (BUGV), discovered by HTS in nycteribiid bat flies (Dipseliopoda) sampled in Bundibugyo District, Western Region, Uganda [7] (TaxoProp 2020.021M.A.v1.Ledantevirus_1nsp).

Genus Lostrhavirus was expanded by one species: Hyalomma lostrhavirus, for Xinjiang tick rhabdovirus (XjTRV), discovered by HTS in ixodid ticks (Hyalomma asiaticum Schulze et Schlottke, 1929) collected in Xīnjiāng Uygur Autonomous Region (新疆维吾尔自治区), China [unpublished; GenBank #MH688524] (TaxoProp 2020.010M.A.v1.Lostrhavirus_1nsp). Species name Lonestar zarhavirus was corrected to Lonestar lostrhavirus (TaxoProp 2020.006M.A.v1.Corrections).

Genus Ohlsrhavirus was expanded by three species (TaxoProp 2020.007M.A.v1.Ohlsrhavirus_3nsp)

Angeles ohlsrhavirus for Culex rhabdo-like virus Los Angeles (CRLVLA) detected by HTS in culicid mosquitoes (Culex sp.) collected in California, USA [86];
Lobeira ohlsrhavirus for Lobeira virus (LOBV), discovered by HTS in culicid mosquitoes (Psorophora albigenu (Peryassú, 1908) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894)) collected in Mato Grosso State, Brazil [21, 94]; and
Pseudovishnui ohlsrhavirus for Culex pseudovishnui rhabdo-like virus (CpRLV), discovered by HTS in culicid mosquitoes (Culex pseudovishnui Colless, 1957) collected in Isahaya (諫早市), Nagasaki Prefecture (長崎県), Japan [30].

Genus Sigmavirus was expanded by ten species (TaxoProp 2020.003M.A.v1.Sigmavirus_10nsp):

Capitata sigmavirus for Ceratitis capitata sigmavirus (CCapSV), discovered by HTS in Mediterranean fruit flies (Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824)) sampled in Hawaii, USA [65];
Domestica sigmavirus for Wuhan fly virus 2 (WhFV-2), discovered by HTS in houseflies (Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758) sampled in Wǔhàn (武汉市), Húběi Province (湖北省), China [61];
Hippoboscid sigmavirus for Wuhan louse fly virus 9 (WhLFV-9), discovered by HTS in louse flies (Hippoboscidae) sampled in Wǔhàn (武汉市), Húběi Province (湖北省), China [61];
Hubei sigmavirus for Hubei diptera virus 9 (HbDV-9), discovered by HTS in unidentified flies (Diptera) sampled in Húběi Province (湖北省), China [91];
Lousefly sigmavirus for Wuhan louse fly virus 10 (WhLFV-10), discovered by HTS in louse flies (Hippoboscidae) sampled in Wǔhàn (武汉市), Húběi Province (湖北省), China [61];
Myga sigmavirus for Hubei diptera virus 10 (HbDV-10), discovered by HTS in unidentified flies (Diptera) sampled in Húběi Province (湖北省), China [91];
Shayang sigmavirus for Shayang fly virus 2 (SyFV-1), discovered by HTS in houseflies (Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758) sampled in Shāyáng County (沙洋县), Húběi Province (湖北省), China [61];
Sturtevanti sigmavirus for Drosophila sturtevanti sigmavirus (DStuSV), discovered by HTS in fruit flies (Drosophila sturtevanti Duda, 1927) sampled in Granada, Andalusia, Spain [65];
Wuhan sigmavirus for Wuhan house fly virus 1 (WhHFV-1), discovered by HTS in houseflies (Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758) sampled in Wǔhàn (武汉市), Húběi Province (湖北省), China [61, 91]; and
Ying sigmavirus for Hubei dimarhabdovirus 1 (HbDRV-1), discovered by HTS in unidentified flies (Diptera) sampled in Húběi Province (湖北省), China [91].

Genus Sunrhavirus was expanded by one species, Dillard sunrhavirus, for Dillard’s Draw virus (DDRV), discovered by HTS in culicid mosquitoes (Culex tarsalis Linnaeus, 1758) sampled in New Mexico, USA [82] (TaxoProp 2020.008M.A.v1.Sunrhavirus_1nsp).

Genus Varicosavirus was expanded by two species (TaxoProp 2020.013M.A.v1.Plant_rhabdoviruses_9nsp):

Alopecurus varicosavirus for Alopecurus myosuroides varicosavirus 1 (AMVV-1) identified by transcriptome sequencing in black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) in the UK [85]; and
Trifolium varicosavirus for red clover associated varicosavirus (RCaVV), discovered by HTS in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) sampled in Hladké Životice, Moravian-Silesian Region (Moravskoslezský kraj), Czech Republic [53].

Genus Vesiculovirus was expanded by one species, Rhinolophus vesiculovirus, for Jinghong bat virus (JhBV), discovered in an intermediate horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus affinis Horsfield, 1823) sampled in Jǐnghóng (景洪市), Yúnnán Province (云南省), China [111] (TaxoProp 2020.009M.A.v1.Vesiculovirus_1nsp_ren1sp). Species American bat vesiculovirus was renamed Eptesicus vesiculovirus (TaxoProp 2020.009M.A.v1.Vesiculovirus_1nsp_ren1sp).

Taxonomic changes within order Bunyavirales (Polyploviricotina: Ellioviricetes)

Family Arenaviridae

Genus Antennavirus was expanded by one species, Salmon antennavirus, for salmon pescarenavirus 1 (SPAV-1), discovered by HTS in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum, 1792)) and salmon pescarenavirus 2 (SPAV-2) in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum, 1792)) [71] (TaxoProp 2020.018M.A.v1.Antennavirus).

Genus Hartmanivirus was expanded by two species: Heimat hartmanivirus for andere Heimat virus 1 (aHeV-1) and Setpatvet hartmanivirus for SetPatVet virus 1 (SPVV-1), both discovered by HTS in Brazilian boa constrictors (Boa constrictor Linnaeus, 1758) [3, 43] (TaxoProp 2020.019M.A.v2.Hartmanivirus).

Genus Mammarenavirus was expanded by one species, Kitale mammarenavirus, for Kitale virus (KTLV) first discovered by HTS in a Macmillan’s grammomys (Grammomys macmillani (Wroughton, 1907)), sampled in Kitale, Trans-Nzoia County, Kenya [76] (TaxoProp 2020.017M.A.v2.Mammarenavirus).

Family Cruliviridae

In genus Lincruvirus, two new species were established (TaxoProp 2020.002M.A.v2.Lincruvirus_2nsp):

Lincruvirus europense for European shore crab virus 1 (EscV-1; previously named “Carcinus maenas Portunibunyavirus 1”), discovered by HTS in European shore crabs (Carcinus maenas (Linnaeus, 1758)) [13]; and
Lincruvirus sinense for Chinese mitten crab virus 1 (CmcV-1; previously named “Eriocheir sinensis Bunya like virus”), discovered by HTS in Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis Milne-Edwards, 1853) [44].

Species Crustacean lincruvirus was renamed Lincruvirus wenlingense (TaxoProp 2020.002M.A.v2.Lincruvirus_2nsp).

Family Fimoviridae

Genus Emaravirus was expanded by ten species:

Actinidia emaravirus 2 for Actinidia virus 2 (AcV-2), discovered by RT-PCR in kiwifruit (Actinidia sp.) collected in Zhèjiāng Province (浙江省), China [106] (TaxoProp 2020.012P.A.v1.Emaravirus_AcV-2);
Aspen mosaic-associated emaravirus for aspen mosaic-associated virus (AsMaV), discovered by HTS in Eurasian aspen (Populus tremula L.) sampled in Sweden [103] (TaxoProp 2020.013P.A.v1.Emaravirus_AsMaV);
Camellia japonica-associated emaravirus 1 for Camellia japonica-associated virus 1 (CjaV-1), discovered by HTS in common camellia (Camellia japonica L.) sampled at Lake Maggiore, Piedmont, Italy [78, 114] (TaxoProp 2020.018P.A.v1.Emaravirus_CjaV-1);
Camellia japonica-associated emaravirus 2 for Camellia japonica-associated virus 2 (CjaV-2), discovered by HTS in common camellia (Camellia japonica L.) sampled at Lake Maggiore, Piedmont, Italy [78, 114] TaxoProp 2020.019P.A.v1.Emaravirus_CjaV-2);
Jujube yellow mottle-associated emaravirus for jujube yellow mottle-associated virus (JYMaV), discovered by HTS in jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) sampled in Cháoyáng (朝阳市), Liáoníng Province (辽宁省), China [112] (TaxoProp 2020.020P.A.v1.Emaravirus_JYMaV);
Lilac chlorotic ringspot-associated emaravirus for lilac chlorotic ringspot-associated virus (LiCRaV), discovered by HTS in lilac (Syringa vulgaris L.) sampled in Yán’ān (延安市), Shaanxi/Shǎnxī Province (陕西省), China [105] (TaxoProp 2020.014P.A.v1.Emaravirus_LiCRaV);
Palo verde broom emaravirus for palo verde broom virus (PVBV), discovered by HTS in a blue palo verde tree (Parkinsonia florida (Benth. ex A.Gray) S. Wats.) sampled in Arizona, USA [47] (TaxoProp 2020.015P.A.v1.Emaravirus_PVBV);
Pear chlorotic leaf spot-associated emaravirus for pear chlorotic leaf spot-associated virus (PCLSaV), discovered by HTS in Asian pear plants (Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.) Nak.) sampled in southern China [63] (TaxoProp 2020.016P.A.v1.Emaravirus_PCLSaV);
Perilla mosaic emaravirus for perilla mosaic virus (PerMV), discovered in perilla (Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton) sampled in Japan [55] (TaxoProp 2020.021P.A.v1.Emaravirus_PerMV); and
Ti ringspot-associated emaravirus for ti ringspot-associated virus (TiRSaV), discovered in ti (Cordyline fruticosa L.) sampled on the islands of Oahu, Maui, and Hawaii, USA [74] (TaxoProp 2020.017P.A.v1.Emaravirus_TiRSaV).

Family Hantaviridae

Genus Actinovirus was expanded by one species, Perch actinovirus, for Bern perch virus (BRPV), discovered by HTS in European perch (Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758) sampled in Switzerland [unpublished; GenBank # MN510769/MN510770/MN510771] (TaxoProp 2020.025M.A.v2.Hantaviridae_5nsp).

Genus Mobatvirus was expanded by two species (TaxoProp 2020.025M.A.v2.Hantaviridae_5nsp):

Lena mobatvirus for Lena virus (LENV), discovered by RT-PCR in a Laxmann’s shrew (Sorex caecutiens Laxmann, 1785) sampled in Khabarovsk (Хабаровск), Khabarovsk Krai (Хабаровский край, )Russia [113]; and
Xuan Son mobatvirus for Xuân Sơn virus (XSV), discovered by RT-PCR in a Pomona leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros pomona K. Andersen, 1918) in Xuân Sơn National Park, Phú Thọ Province, Vietnam [2].

Genus Orthohantavirus was expanded by two species (TaxoProp 2020.025M.A.v2.Hantaviridae_5nsp):

Robina orthohantavirus for Robina virus (ROBV), discovered in a black flying fox (Pteropus alecto Temminck, 1837) sampled near Robina, Queensland, Australia [unpublished; GenBank #MK165653/MK165654/MK165655); and
Tatenale orthohantavirus for Tatenale virus (TATV) first discovered by RT-PCR in a field vole (Microtus agrestis (Linnaeus, 1761)) trapped in North West England, UK [16, 81].

Family Nairoviridae

Family Nairoviridae was thoroughly revised (TaxoProps 2020.027M.A.v1.Nairoviridae_4ngen_30nsp and 2020.030M.R.Negarnaviricota_corrections). Four new genera were added:

Genus Norwavirus was created for a single new species, Grotenhout norwavirus, for Grotenhout virus (GRHV), discovered by HTS in a castor bean tick (Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758)) sampled in Grotenhout, Belgium [101]. Junior synonyms for Grotenhout virus are Norway nairovirus 1 [79] and Pustyn virus [unpublished; GenBank #KT007142/KT007143];
Genus Ocetevirus was created for a single new species, Blattodean ocetevirus, for blattodean nairo-related virus 321 (BNRV-321), now renamed red goblin roach virus 1 (RGRV-1), discovered by HTS in a red goblin roach (Paratemnopteryx couloniana (Saussure, 1863)) sampled in Germany [49];
Genus Sabavirus was created for a single new species, South Bay sabavirus, for South Bay virus (SBV), discovered by HTS in a deer tick (Ixodes scapularis Say, 1821) in Great South Bay, New York, USA [99]; and
Genus Xinspivirus was created for a single new species, Xinzhou xinspivirus, for Xīnzhōu spider virus (XSV), discovered by HTS in a brown sailor spider (Neoscona nautica (L. Koch, 1875)) in Xīnzhōu District (新洲区), Wǔhàn (武汉市), Húběi Province (湖北省), China [61].

Genus Orthonairovirus was expanded by 26 species:

Abu Hammad orthonairovirus for Abū Ḥammād (AHV) was moved from Dera Ghazi Khan orthonairovirus;
Abu Mina orthonairovirus for Abū Mīnā virus (AMV) was moved from Dera Ghazi Khan orthonairovirus;
Avalon orthonairovirus for Avalon virus (AVAV) was moved from Sakhalin orthonairovirus;
Bandia orthonairovirus for Bandia virus (BDAV) was moved from Qalyub orthonairovirus;
Burana orthonairovirus for Burana virus (BURV) was moved from Tamdy orthonairovirus;
Congoid orthonairovirus for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) genogroup VI (Europe 2), now renamed Aigai virus (AIGV), isolated in 1975 from an ixodid tick (Rhipicephalus bursa Canestrini & Fanzago, 1878) sampled in Vergina (Βεργίνα; ancient Aigai [Αἰγαί]), Central Macedonia Region (Περιφέρεια Κεντρικής Μακεδονίας), Greece [77, 116];
Erve orthonairovirus for Erve virus (ERVEV) was moved from Thiafora orthonairovirus;
Gossas orthonairovirus for Gossas virus (GOSV) was moved from Keterah orthonairovirus;
Huangpi orthonairovirus for Huángpí tick virus 1 (HpTV-1) was moved from Tamdy orthonairovirus;
Issyk-kul orthonairovirus for Issyk-kul virus (ISKV) was moved from Keterah orthonairovirus;
Kupe orthonairovirus for kupe virus (KUPEV) was moved from Dugbe orthonairovirus;
Leopards Hill orthonairovirus for Leopards Hill virus (LPHV) was moved from Keterah orthonairovirus;
Meram orthonairovirus for Meram virus (MEMV), discovered by HTS in an ixodid tick (Hyalomma aegyptium Linnaeus, 1758) sampled in Konya, Central Anatolia Region (İç Anadolu Bölgesi), Turkey [29];
Pacific Coast orthonairovirus for Pacific Coast tick nairovirus (PCTNV), discovered by HTS in a Pacific Coast tick (Dermacentor occidentalis Marx, 1892) sampled in Mendocino County, California, USA [14];
Punta orthonairovirus for Punta Salinas virus (PSV) was moved from Hughes orthonairovirus;
Sapphire orthonairovirus for Sapphire II virus (SAPV) was moved from Dera Ghazi Khan orthonairovirus;
Scot orthonairovirus for Clo Mor virus (CLMV) was moved from Sakhalin orthonairovirus;
Soldado orthonairovirus for Soldado virus (SOLV) was moved from Hughes orthonairovirus;
Tacheng orthonairovirus for Tǎchéng tick virus 1 (TcTV-1) was moved from Tamdy orthonairovirus;
Taggert orthonairovirus for Taggert virus (TAGV) was moved from Sakhalin orthonairovirus;
Tofla orthonairovirus for tofla virus (TFLV) was moved from Hazara orthonairovirus;
Tunis orthonairovirus for Tunis virus (TUNV) was moved from Abu Hammad orthonairovirus;
Vinegar Hill orthonairovirus for Vinegar Hill virus (VINHV) isolated in 1981 from ixodid ticks (Argas robertsi Hoogstraal, Kaiser & Kohls, 1968) sampled in Gatton, Queensland, Australia [36, 97];
Wenzhou orthonairovirus for Wēnzhōu tick virus (WzTV) was moved from Tamdy orthonairovirus;
Yogue orthonairovirus for Yogue virus (YOGV) was moved from Keterah orthonairovirus; and
Zirqa orthonairovirus for Zirqa virus (ZIRV) was moved from Hughes orthonairovirus.

Family Peribunyaviridae

Genus Orthobunyavirus was expanded by 16 species (TaxoProps 2020.012M.A.v1.Orthobunyavirus_16new_sp_abolish_1sp and 2020.030M.R.Negarnaviricota_corrections):

Brazoran orthobunyavirus for brazoran virus (BRAZV) isolated from culicid mosquitoes (Culex sp.) in Brazoria and Montgomery Counties, Texas, USA [59];
Buffalo Creek orthobunyavirus for Buffalo Creek virus (BUCV) first isolated in 1982 from culicid mosquitoes (Anopheles meraukensis Venhuis, 1932) in Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia [34, 107];
Gan Gan orthobunyavirus for Gan Gan virus (GGV) first isolated in 1970 from culicid mosquitoes (Ochlerotatus vigilax (Skuse, 1889)) collected at Nelson Bay, New South Wales, Australia [33, 35, 69];
Mapputta orthobunyavirus for Mapputta virus (MAPV) first isolated in 1960 from culicid mosquitoes (Anopheles meraukensis Venhuis, 1932) collected in Queensland, Australia [10, 26, 34];
Maprik orthobunyavirus for Maprik virus (MPKV) first isolated in 1966 from culicid mosquitoes (Verrallina funerea (Theobald, 1903)) sampled in Maprik, East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea [27, 34];
Oyo orthobunyavirus for Oyo virus (OYOV) first isolated in 1964 in Nigeria [unpublished; GenBank #HM63977/HM63979/HM63980];
Sedlec orthobunyavirus for Sedlec virus (SEDV) first isolated in 1984 from a Eurasian reed warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaceus (Hermann, 1804)) sampled in South Moravian Region (Jihomoravský kraj), Czech Republic [45, 46, 50];
Triniti orthobunyavirus for Triniti virus (TNTV) isolated first in 1955 from a culicid mosquito (Trichoprosopon sp.) sampled in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago [62, 96];
Abras virus (ABRV) was moved from species Patois orthobunyavirus into new species Abras orthobunyavirus;
Ananindeua virus (ANUV) was moved from species Guama orthobunyavirus into new species Ananindeua orthobunyavirus;
Apeú virus (APEUV) was moved from species Caraparu orthobunyavirus into new species Apeu orthobunyavirus;
Bruconha virus (BRUV) was moved from species Caraparu orthobunyavirus into new species Bruconha orthobunyavirus;
Mahogany Hammock virus (MHV) was moved from species Guama orthobunyavirus into new species Mahogany Hammock orthobunyavirus;
Matruh virus (MTRV) was moved from species Tete orthobunyavirus into new species Matruh orthobunyavirus;
Moju virus (MOJUV) was moved from species Guama orthobunyavirus into new species Moju orthobunyavirus; and
Shark River virus (SRV) was moved from species Patois orthobunyavirus into new species Shark River orthobunyavirus.

Species Zegla orthobunyavirus was abolished (TaxoProp 2020.012M.A.v1.Orthobunyavirus_16new_sp_abolish_1sp).

Family Phasmaviridae

The family was expanded by new genus Hymovirus for two new species (TaxoProp 2020.020M.A.v1.Phasmaviridae):

Hymenopteran hymovirus 1 for hymenopteran phasma-related virus OKIAV252 (HyHV-1), discovered by HTS in cuckoo wasps (Chrysura cuprea (Rossi, 1790)) in Pondel, Aosta Valley (Valle d’Aosta), Italy [49]; and
Hymenopteran hymovirus 2 for hymenopteran phasma-related virus OKIAV250 (HyHV-2) detected in cuckoo wasps (Chrysis gracillima Foerster, 1853) in Büchlberg/Godramstein, Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz), Germany [49].

Genus Feravirus was expanded by two novel species (TaxoProp 2020.020M.A.v1.Phasmaviridae):

Hemipteran feravirus for hemipteran phasma-related virus OKIAV247 (HeFV), discovered by HTS in a hawthorn shield bug (Acanthosoma haemorrhoidale (Linnaeus, 1758)) sampled in Donrath, North Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen), Germany [49]; and
Neuropteran feravirus for neuropteran phasma-related virus OKIAV248 (NeFV), discovered by HTS in a green lacewing (Peyerimhoffina gracilis (Schneider, 1851)) sampled in Dürnstein, Lower Austria (Niederösterreich), Austria [49].

Genus Orthophasmavirus was expanded by four novel species (TaxoProp 2020.020M.A.v1.Phasmaviridae):

Coleopteran orthophasmavirus for coleopteran phasma-related virus OKIAV235 (CPRV), discovered by HTS in a harlequin ladybeetle (Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773)) sampled in Jena, Thuringia (Thüringen), Germany [49];
Hymenopteran orthophasmavirus 1 for hymenopteran phasma-related virus OKIAV228 (HyOV-1), discovered by HTS in a cuckoo wasp (Philoctetes bogdanovii (Radoszkovski, 1877)) in Pondel, Aosta Valley (Valle d’Aosta), Italy [49];
Hymenopteran orthophasmavirus 2 for hymenopteran phasma-related virus OKIAV227 for (HyOV-2), discovered by HTS in a cuckoo wasp (Chrysis fasciata Olivier, 1790) in Bellheim, Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz), Germany [49]; and
Niukluk phantom orthophasmavirus for Niukluk phantom virus (NUKV), discovered by HTS in a phantom midge (Chaoborus americanus (Johannsen, 1903)) sampled in the Niukluk River valley, Nome Census Area, Alaska, USA [5].

Family Phenuiviridae

The family was expanded by new genus Tanzavirus including a single new species, Human tanzavirus, for Dar es Salaam virus (DeSV), discovered by HTS in a human plasma sample collected in Dar es Salaam (دار السلام‎), Tanzania [60] (TaxoProp 2020.029M.A.v2.Phenuiviridae_1gen16sp).

Genus Bandavirus was expanded by one new species, Razdan bandavirus, for Razdan virus (RAZV) isolated from ixodid ticks (Dermacentor marginatus Sulzer, 1776) in Armenia in 1973 [66, 117] (TaxoProp 2020.029M.A.v2.Phenuiviridae_1gen16sp). Species name Lone Star bandavirus was corrected to Lone star bandavirus (TaxoProp 2020.006M.A.v1.Corrections).

Genus Coguvirus was expanded by one new species, Grapevine coguvirus, for grapevine associated cogu-like virus 1 (GaCLV-1), discovered by HTS in downy mildew-infected grapevines (Vitis sp.) sampled in Italy [18]. (TaxoProp 2020.029M.A.v2.Phenuiviridae_1gen16sp).

Genus Horwuvirus was expanded by one new species, Kimberley horwuvirus, for Fitzroy Crossing tenui-like virus 1 (FCTenV1) detected in culicid mosquitoes (Culex annulirostris Skuse, 1889) sampled in Kimberley Region, Australia [108] (TaxoProp 2020.029M.A.v2.Phenuiviridae_1gen16sp).

Genus Laulavirus was expanded by three new species: Grapevine laulavirus 2, 3, and 4 for grapevine associated cogu-like viruses 2, 3, and 4 (GaCLV-2, GaCLV-3, GaCLV-4), respectively, discovered by HTS in downy mildew-infected grapevines (Vitis sp.) (GaCLV-2 and GaCLV-3) and esca-diseased grapevines (GaCLV-4) sampled in Italy [8, 18] (TaxoProp 2020.029M.A.v2.Phenuiviridae_1gen16sp).

Genus Mobuvirus was expanded by one new species, Narangue mobuvirus, for Ñarangue virus (NRGV), discovered by HTS in a culicid mosquito (Mansonia titillans (Walker, 1848)) sampled in Colombia [unpublished; GenBank #MN661012/MN661013/MN661014] (TaxoProp 2020.029M.A.v2.Phenuiviridae_1gen16sp).

Genus Phasivirus was expanded by two new species:

Guadeloupe phasivirus for Guadeloupe mosquito phasivirus (GMPV), discovered by HTS in mosquitoes (Aedes sp.) collected in Les Abymes, Guadeloupe, France [89]; and
Kimberley phasivirus for Parry’s Creek phasivirus 1 (PCPhasV1), discovered by HTS in culicid mosquitoes (Culex annulirostris Skuse, 1889) sampled in Kimberley Region, Australia [108] (TaxoProps 2020.029M.A.v2.Phenuiviridae_1gen16sp and 2020.030M.R.Negarnaviricota_corrections).

Genus Phlebovirus was expanded by six species:

Bogoria phlebovirus for Bogoria virus (BGRV), discovered by HTS in phlebotomine sandflies sampled in Kapkuikui, Rift Valley Province, Kenya [68] (TaxoProp 2020.022M.A.v1.Phlebovirus_4sp);
Corfou phlebovirus for Corfou virus (CFUV) isolated from psychodid sandflies (Phlebotomus major Annandale, 1910) sampled in Corfou (Κέρκυρα), Ionian Islands (Περιφέρεια Ιονίων Νήσων), Greece, 1981 [1, 83] (TaxoProp 2020.029M.A.v2.Phenuiviridae_1gen16sp);
Embossos phlebovirus for Embossos virus (EMBV), discovered by HTS in phlebotomine sandflies sampled in Kapkuikui, Rift Valley Province, Kenya [68] (TaxoProp 2020.022M.A.v1.Phlebovirus_4sp);
Kiborgoch phlebovirus for Kiborgoch virus (KBGV), discovered by HTS in phlebotomine sandflies sampled in Kapkuikui, Rift Valley Province, Kenya [68] (TaxoProp 2020.022M.A.v1.Phlebovirus_4sp);
Penshurt phlebovirus for Penshurt virus (PEHV), discovered by RT-PCR in a Hoffmann’s two-toed sloth (Choloepus hoffmanni Peters, 1858) sampled in Limón Province, Costa Rica [22] (TaxoProp 2020.029M.A.v2.Phenuiviridae_1gen16sp); and
Perkerra phlebovirus for Perkerra virus (PKEV), discovered by HTS in phlebotomine sandflies sampled in Kapkuikui, Rift Valley Province, Kenya [68] (TaxoProp 2020.022M.A.v1.Phlebovirus_4sp).

Species names Salobo phlabovirus and Tico phebovirus were corrected to Salobo phlebovirus and Tico phlebovirus, respectively (TaxoProp 2020.006M.A.v1.Corrections).

Genus Pidchovirus was expanded by one new species, Coleopteran pidchovirus, for coleopteran phenui-related virus 308 (CoPrV-308), discovered by HTS in spider mite destroyers (Stethorus sp.) sampled on Mount Tamborine, Queensland, Australia [49]. (TaxoProp 2020.029M.A.v2.Phenuiviridae_1gen16sp).

Genus Rubodvirus was expanded by two new species: Grapevine rubodvirus 1 and 2 for grapevine Garan dmak virus (GGDV) and grapevine Muscat rose virus for (GMRV), discovered by HTS in grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) samples from Armenia and Argentina, respectively [24] (TaxoProp 2020.029M.A.v2.Phenuiviridae_1gen16sp).

Genus Tenuivirus was expanded by one new species, European wheat striate mosaic tenuivirus, for European wheat striate mosaic virus (EWSMV) originally discovered in oats (Avena sativa L. cv. Pepino) in the 1960s [95] (TaxoProp 2020.029M.A.v2.Phenuiviridae_1gen16sp).

In genus Wenrivirus, Mourilyan virus (MoV), first discovered in 1996 in giant tiger prawns (Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798) sampled in Mourilyan, Queensland, Australia [19], was recognized as a senior synonym of Wēnzhōu shrimp virus 1 (WzSV-1) [20].

SUMMARY

A summary of the current, ICTV-accepted taxonomy of the phylum Negarnaviricota is presented in an order-specific manner in Table 1 (Goujianvirales), Table 2 (Jingchuvirales), Table 3 (Mononegavirales), Table 4 (Muvirales), Table 5 (Serpentovirales), Table 6 (Articulavirales), and Table 7 (Bunyavirales) and in form of two posters (Supplementary Figure 1).

Table 1.

ICTV-accepted taxonomy of the order Goujianvirales (Negarnaviricota: Haploviricotina: Yunchangviricetes) as of March 2021.

Genus	Species^¶	Virus (Abbreviation)^&
Family Yueviridae
Yuyuevirus	Beihai yuyuevirus	Běihǎi sesarmid crab virus 3 (BhSCV-3)
	Shahe yuyuevirus	Shāhé yuèvirus-like virus 1 (ShYLV-1)

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Note that viruses are real objects that are assigned to concepts that are called taxa. Species, genera, families, and orders are taxa.

^¶

Taxon names are always italicized and always begin with a capital letter.

Virus names are not italicized and are not capitalized, except if the name or a name component is a proper noun. This column lists the virus names with their correct (lack of) capitalization.

Table 2.

ICTV-accepted taxonomy of the order Jingchuvirales (Negarnaviricota: Haploviricotina: Monjiviricetes) as of March 2021.

Genus	Species^¶	Virus (Abbreviation)^&
Family Aliusviridae
Obscuruvirus	Obscuruvirus quintum	Atrato chu-like virus 5 (AClV-5)
Ollusvirus	Ollusvirus coleopteri	Húběi coleoptera virus 3 (HbCV-3)
	Ollusvirus culvertonense	Culverton virus (CvV)
	Ollusvirus hanchengense	Hánchéng leafhopper mivirus (HLMV)
	Ollusvirus hymenopteri	hymenopteran chu-related virus 123 (HCrV-123)
	Ollusvirus insectii	hymenopteran chu-related virus 126 (HCrV-126)
	Ollusvirus scaldisense	Scaldis River bee virus (SRBV)
	Ollusvirus shayangense	Shāyáng fly virus 1 (SyFV-1)
	Ollusvirus taiyuanense	Tàiyuán leafhopper virus (TYLeV)
Family Chuviridae
Boscovirus	Boscovirus hippoboscidae	Wǔhàn louse fly virus 7 (WhLFV-7)
	Boscovirus hypoboscidae	Wǔhàn louse fly virus 6 (WhLFV-6)
Chuvivirus	Chuvivirus brunnichi	Wēnlǐng crustacean virus 14 (WlCV-14)
	Chuvivirus canceris	Wēnzhōu crab virus 2 (WzCV-2)
Culicidavirus	Culicidavirus culicidae	Wǔhàn mosquito virus 8 (WhMV-8)
	Culicidavirus culicis	Culex mosquito virus 5 (ClMV-5)
	Culicidavirus imjinense	Imjin River virus 1 (IjRV-1)
	Culicidavirus quitotaense	Culex mosquito virus 4 (ClMV-4)
Demapteravirus	Demapteravirus dermapteri	dermapteran chu-related virus 142 (DCrV-142)
Doliuvirus	Doliuvirus culisetae	Mos8Chu0 chuvirus (MoCV)
Mivirus	Mivirus amblyommae	lone star tick chuvirus 1 (LSTCV-1)
	Mivirus boleense	Bólè tick virus 3 (BTV-3)
	Mivirus changpingense	Chāngpíng tick virus 2 (CpTV-2)
	Mivirus dermacentoris	Chāngpíng tick virus 3 (CpTV-3)
		Tǎchéng tick virus 5 (TcTV-5)
	Mivirus genovaense	Genoa virus (GeV)
	Mivirus karukeraense	Karukera tick virus (KtV)
	Mivirus rhipicephali	brown dog tick mivirus 1 (BDTMV-1)
	Mivirus suffolkense	Suffolk virus (SFKV)
	Mivirus wuhanense	Wǔhàn tick virus 2 (WhTV-2)
Morsusvirus	Morsusvirus argatis	Tǎchéng tick virus 4 (TcTV-4)
Nigecruvirus	Nigecruvirus ixodes	blacklegged tick chuvirus-2 (BlTC-2)
Odonatavirus	Odonatavirus draconis	odonatan chu-related virus 137 (OCrV-137)
	Odonatavirus fabricii	Húběi odonate virus 11 (HbOV-11)
	Odonatavirus odontis	odonatan chu-related virus 136 (OCrV-136)
Pediavirus	Pediavirus cirripedis	Běihǎi barnacle virus 9 (BhBV-9)
Piscichuvirus	Piscichuvirus franki	Herr Frank virus 1 (HFrV-1)
	Piscichuvirus lycodontis	Guǎngdōng red-banded snake chuvirus-like virus (GRSCV)
	Piscichuvirus sanxiaense	Sānxiá atyid shrimp virus 4 (SxASC-4)
	Piscichuvirus wenlingense	Wēnlǐng fish chu-like virus (WFClV)
Pterovirus	Pterovirus chulinense	hymenopteran chu-related virus OKIAV147 (HCrV-147)
Scarabeuvirus	Scarabeuvirus blattae	Wǔchāng cockroach virus 3 (WcLFV-3)
	Scarabeuvirus dentati	Húběi chuvirus-like virus 3 (HbCLV-3)
	Scarabeuvirus hubeiense	Húběi chuvirus-like virus 1 (HbCLV-1)
	Scarabeuvirus lampyris	Lampyris noctiluca chuvirus-like virus 1 (LNClV-1)
	Scarabeuvirus lishiense	Lĭshì spider virus 1 (LsSV-1)
Taceavirus	Taceavirus wenlingense	Wēnlǐng crustacean virus 15 (WlCV-15)
Family Crepuscuviridae
Aqualaruvirus	Aqualaruvirus sialis	megalopteran chu-related virus 119 (MCrV-119)
Family Myriaviridae
Myriavirus	Myriavirus myriapedis	Húběi myriapoda virus 8 (HbMV-8)
Family Natareviridae
Charybdivirus	Charybdivirus charybdis	Wēnzhōu crab virus 3 (WzCV-3)

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Note that viruses are real objects that are assigned to concepts that are called taxa. Species, genera, families, and orders are taxa.

^¶

Taxon names are always italicized and always begin with a capital letter.

Virus names are not italicized and are not capitalized, except if the name or a name component is a proper noun. This column lists the virus names with their correct (lack of) capitalization. Lists of viruses within a given species are provisional at this point and will likely be amended in the near future.

Table 3.

ICTV-accepted taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales (Negarnaviricota: Haploviricotina: Monjiviricetes) as of March 2021.

Genus	Species^¶	Virus (Abbreviation)^&
Family Artoviridae
Hexartovirus	Barnacle hexartovirus	Běihǎi barnacle virus 8 (BhBV-8)
	Caligid hexartovirus	Lepeophtheirus salmonis negative-stranded RNA virus 1 (LsNSRV-1)
Peropuvirus	Beihai peropuvirus	Běihǎi rhabdo-like virus 1 (BhRLV-1)
	Hubei peropuvirus	Húběi rhabdo-like virus 6 (HbRLV-6)
	Odonate peropuvirus	Húběi rhabdo-like virus 8 (HbRLV-8)
	Pillworm peropuvirus	Húběi rhabdo-like virus 5 (HbRLV-5)
	Pteromalus puparum peropuvirus	Pteromalus puparum negative-strand RNA virus 1 (PpNSRV-1)
	Woodlouse peropuvirus	Běihǎi rhabdo-like virus 2 (BhRLV-2)
Family Bornaviridae
Carbovirus	Queensland carbovirus	jungle carpet python virus (JCPV)
	Southwest carbovirus	southwest carpet python virus (SWCPV)
Cultervirus	Sharpbelly cultervirus	Wǔhàn sharpbelly bornavirus (WhSBV)
Orthobornavirus	Elapid 1 orthobornavirus	Loveridge’s garter snake virus 1 (LGSV-1)
	Mammalian 1 orthobornavirus	Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1)
		Borna disease virus 2 (BoDV-2)
	Mammalian 2 orthobornavirus	variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1)
	Passeriform 1 orthobornavirus	canary bornavirus 1 (CnBV-1)
		canary bornavirus 2 (CnBV-2)
		canary bornavirus 3 (CnBV-3)
	Passeriform 2 orthobornavirus	estrildid finch bornavirus 1 (EsBV-1)
	Psittaciform 1 orthobornavirus	parrot bornavirus 1 (PaBV-1)
		parrot bornavirus 2 (PaBV-2)
		parrot bornavirus 3 (PaBV-3)
		parrot bornavirus 4 (PaBV-4)
		parrot bornavirus 7 (PaBV-7)
	Psittaciform 2 orthobornavirus	parrot bornavirus 5 (PaBV-5)
	Waterbird 1 orthobornavirus	aquatic bird bornavirus 1 (ABBV-1)
		aquatic bird bornavirus 2 (ABBV-2)
Family Filoviridae
Cuevavirus	Lloviu cuevavirus	Lloviu virus (LLOV)
Dianlovirus	Mengla dianlovirus	Měnglà virus (MLAV)
Ebolavirus	Bombali ebolavirus	Bombali virus (BOMV)
	Bundibugyo ebolavirus	Bundibugyo virus (BDBV)
	Reston ebolavirus	Reston virus (RESTV)
	Sudan ebolavirus	Sudan virus (SUDV)
	Tai Forest ebolavirus	Taï Forest virus (TAFV)
	Zaire ebolavirus	Ebola virus (EBOV)
Marburgvirus	Marburg marburgvirus	Marburg virus (MARV)
		Ravn virus (RAVV)
Striavirus	Xilang striavirus	Xīlǎng virus (XILV)
Thamnovirus	Huangjiao thamnovirus	Huángjiāo virus (HUJV)
Family Lispiviridae
Arlivirus	Gerrid arlivirus	Sānxiá water strider virus 4 (SxWSV-4)
	Hubei arlivirus	Húběi rhabdo-like virus 3 (HbRLV-3)
	Lishi arlivirus	Lĭshì spider virus 2 (LsSV-2)
	Odonate arlivirus	Húběi odonate virus 10 (HbOV-10)
	Tacheng arlivirus	Tǎchéng tick virus 6 (TcTV-6)
	Wuchang arlivirus	Wǔchāng romanomermis nematode virus 2 (WcRNV-2)
Family Mymonaviridae
Auricularimonavirus	Auricularimonavirus auriculariae	Auricularia heimuer negative-stranded RNA virus 1 (AhNRSV-1)
Botrytimonavirus	Botrytimonavirus botrytidis	Botrytis cinerea negative-stranded RNA virus 7 (BcNSRV-7)
	Botrytimonavirus glycinis	soybean leaf-associated negative-stranded RNA virus 3 (SLaNSRV-3)
	Botrytimonavirus sclerotiniae	Sclerotinia sclerotiorum negative-stranded RNA virus 2 (SsNSRV-2)
		Sclerotinia sclerotiorum negative-stranded RNA virus 2-A (SsNSRV-2-A)
		Sclerotinia sclerotiorum negative-stranded RNA virus 4 (SsNSRV-4)
		Sclerotinia sclerotiorum negative-stranded RNA virus 4-A (SsNSRV-4-A)
Hubramonavirus	Hubramonavirus hubeiense	Húběi rhabdo-like virus 4 (HbRLV-4)
	Hubramonavirus terrae	H2BulkLitter1223 virus
Lentimonavirus	Lentimonavirus lentinulae	Lentinula edodes negative-strand RNA virus 1 (LeNSRV-1)
Penicillimonavirus	Penicillimonavirus alphapenicillii	Penicillium adametzioides negative-stranded RNA virus 1 (PaNsRV-1)
	Penicillimonavirus alphaplasmoparae	Plasmopara viticola lesion associated mononegaambi virus 1 (PvaMV-1)
	Penicillimonavirus betapenicillii	Penicillium glabrum negative-stranded RNA virus 1 (PgRlV-1)
	Penicillimonavirus betaplasmoparae	Plasmopara viticola lesion associated mononegaambi virus 2 (PvaMV-2)
		Plasmopara viticola lesion associated mononegaambi virus 4 (PvaMV-4)
	Penicillimonavirus deltaplasmoparae	Plasmopara viticola lesion associated mononegaambi virus 5 (PvaMV-5)
	Penicillimonavirus epsilonplasmoparae	Plasmopara viticola lesion associated mononegaambi virus 6 (PvaMV-6)
	Penicillimonavirus etaplasmoparae	Plasmopara viticola lesion associated mononegaambi virus 9 (PvaMV-9)
	Penicillimonavirus gammaplasmopara	Plasmopara viticola lesion associated mononegaambi virus 3 (PvaMV-3)
	Penicillimonavirus kilnbarnense	Kiln Barn virus (KBV)
	Penicillimonavirus zetaplasmoparae	Plasmopara viticola lesion associated mononegaambi virus 7 (PvaMV-7)
Plasmopamonavirus	Plasmopamonavirus plasmoparae	Plasmopara viticola lesion associated mononegaambi virus 8 (PvaMV-8)
Phyllomonavirus	Phyllomonavirus gysingense	Gysinge virus (GYSV)
	Phyllomonavirus phyllospherae	soybean leaf-associated negative-stranded RNA virus 4 (SLaNSRV-4)
Rhizomonavirus	Rhizomonavirus mali	apple virus B (APPv-B)
Sclerotimonavirus	Sclerotimonavirus alphaclarireediae	Sclerotinia homoeocarpa TSA contig 1 (ShTSA-1)
		Sclerotinia homoeocarpa TSA contig 2 (ShTSA-2)
	Sclerotimonavirus alphaplasmoparae	Plasmopara viticola lesion associated mymonavirus 1 (PvaMV-1)
	Sclerotimonavirus alternariae	Alternaria tenuissima negative-stranded RNA virus 1 (AtNsRV-1)
	Sclerotimonavirus betaclarireediae	Sclerotinia homoeocarpa TSA contig 3 (ShTSA-3)
	Sclerotimonavirus betaplasmoparae	Plasmopara viticola lesion associated mononega virus 2 (PvaMV-2)
	Sclerotimonavirus botrytidis	Botrytis cinerea mymonavirus 1 (BcMyV-1)
		Sclerotinia sclerotiorum negative-stranded RNA virus 7 (SsNSRV-7)
	Sclerotimonavirus fusarii	Fusarium graminearum negative-stranded RNA virus 1 (FgNSRV-1)
		soybean leaf-associated negative-stranded RNA virus 1 (SLaNSRV-1)
	Sclerotimonavirus illinoisense	soybean leaf-associated negative-stranded RNA virus 2 (SLaNSRV-2)
	Sclerotimonavirus penicillii	Penicillium cairnsense negative-stranded RNA virus 1 (PcNsRV-1)
	Sclerotimonavirus sclerotiniae	Sclerotinia sclerotiorum negative-stranded RNA virus 1 (SsNSRV-1)
		Sclerotinia sclerotiorum negative-stranded RNA virus 1-A (SsNSRV-1-A)
		Sclerotinia sclerotiorum negative-stranded RNA virus 3 (SsNSRV-3)
		Sclerotinia sclerotiorum negative-stranded RNA virus 3-A (SsNSRV-3-A)
	Sclerotimonavirus terrae	H4BulkLitter234 virus
Family Nyamiviridae
Berhavirus	Beihai berhavirus	Běihǎi rhabdo-like virus 4 (BhRLV-4)
	Echinoderm berhavirus	Běihǎi rhabdo-like virus 5 (BhRLV-5)
	Sipunculid berhavirus	Běihǎi rhabdo-like virus 3 (BhRLV-3)
Crustavirus	Beihai crustavirus	Běihǎi rhabdo-like virus 6 (BhRLV-6)
	Wenling crustavirus	Wēnlǐng crustacean virus 12 (WlCV-12)
	Wenzhou crustavirus	Wēnzhōu crab virus 1 (WzCV-1)
Formivirus	Chalybion formivirus	hymenopteran orino-related virus OKIAV87 (HORV-87)
	Exsecta formivirus	Formica exsecta virus 4 (FeV-4)
	Fusca formivirus	Formica fusca virus 1 (FfusV-1)
	Gorytes formivirus	hymenopteran orino-related virus OKIAV85 (HORV-85)
Nyavirus	Jacinto nyavirus	San Jacinto virus (SJCV)
	Midway nyavirus	Midway virus (MIDWV)
	Nyamanini nyavirus	Nyamanini virus (NYMV)
	Sierra Nevada nyavirus	Sierra Nevada virus (SNVV)
Orinovirus	Orinoco orinovirus	Orinoco virus (ONCV)
Socyvirus	Soybean cyst nematode socyvirus	soybean cyst nematode virus 1 (SbCNV-1)
Tapwovirus	Tapeworm tapwovirus	Wēnzhōu tapeworm virus 1 (WzTWV-1)
Family Paramyxoviridae
Subfamily Avulavirinae
Metaavulavirus	Avian metaavulavirus 2	avian paramyxovirus 2 (APMV-2)
	Avian metaavulavirus 5	avian paramyxovirus 5 (APMV-5)
	Avian metaavulavirus 6	avian paramyxovirus 6 (APMV-6)
	Avian metaavulavirus 7	avian paramyxovirus 7 (APMV-7)
	Avian metaavulavirus 8	avian paramyxovirus 8 (APMV-8)
	Avian metaavulavirus 10	avian paramyxovirus 10 (APMV-10)
	Avian metaavulavirus 11	avian paramyxovirus 11 (APMV-11)
	Avian metaavulavirus 14	avian paramyxovirus 14 (APMV-14)
	Avian metaavulavirus 15	avian paramyxovirus 15 (APMV-15)
	Avian metaavulavirus 20	avian paramyxovirus 20 (APMV-20)
	Avian metaavulavirus 22	avian paramyxovirus 22 (APMV-22)
Orthoavulavirus	Avian orthoavulavirus 1	avian paramyxovirus 1 (APMV-1)¹
	Avian orthoavulavirus 9	avian paramyxovirus 9 (APMV-9)
	Avian orthoavulavirus 12	avian paramyxovirus 12 (APMV-12)
	Avian orthoavulavirus 13	avian paramyxovirus 13 (APMV-13)
	Avian orthoavulavirus 16	avian paramyxovirus 16 (APMV-16)
	Avian orthoavulavirus 17	Antarctic penguin virus A (APV-A)
	Avian orthoavulavirus 18	Antarctic penguin virus B (APV-B)
	Avian orthoavulavirus 19	Antarctic penguin virus C (APV-C)
	Avian orthoavulavirus 21	avian paramyxovirus 21 (APMV-21)
Paraavulavirus	Avian paraavulavirus 3	avian paramyxovirus 3 (APMV-3)
	Avian paraavulavirus 4	avian paramyxovirus 4 (APMV-4)
Subfamily Metaparamyxovirinae
Synodonvirus	Synodus synodonvirus	Wēnlǐng triplecross lizardfish paramyxovirus (WTLPV)
Subfamily Orthoparamyxovirinae
Aquaparamyxovirus	Oncorhynchus aquaparamyxovirus	Pacific salmon paramyxovirus (PSPV)
	Salmo aquaparamyxovirus	Atlantic salmon paramyxovirus (AsaPV)
Ferlavirus	Reptilian ferlavirus	fer-de-lance virus (FDLV)
Henipavirus	Cedar henipavirus	Cedar virus (CedV)
	Ghanaian bat henipavirus	Ghana virus (GhV)
	Hendra henipavirus	Hendra virus (HeV)
	Mojiang henipavirus	Mòjiāng virus (MojV)
	Nipah henipavirus	Nipah virus (NiV)
Jeilongvirus	Beilong jeilongvirus	Beilong virus (BeiV)
	Jun jeilongvirus	J virus (JV)
	Lophuromys jeilongvirus 1	Mount Mabu Lophuromys virus 1 (MMLV-1)
	Lophuromys jeilongvirus 2	Mount Mabu Lophuromys virus 2 (MMLV-2)
	Miniopteran jeilongvirus	Shaan virus (ShaV)
	Myodes jeilongvirus	Pohorje Myodes paramyxovirus 1 (PMPV-1)
	Tailam jeilongvirus	Tailam virus (TaiV)
Morbillivirus	Canine morbillivirus	canine distemper virus (CDV)
	Cetacean morbillivirus	cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV)
	Feline morbillivirus	feline morbillivirus (FeMV)
	Measles morbillivirus	measles virus (MeV)
	Phocine morbillivirus	phocine distemper virus (PDV)
	Rinderpest morbillivirus	rinderpest virus (RPV)
	Small ruminant morbillivirus	peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV)
Narmovirus	Mossman narmovirus	Mossman virus (MossV)
	Myodes narmovirus	bank vole virus 1 (BaV-1)
	Nariva narmovirus	Nariva virus (NarV)
	Tupaia narmovirus	Tupaia paramyxovirus (TupV)
Respirovirus	Bovine respirovirus 3	bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3)
	Caprine respirovirus 3	caprine parainfluenzavirus 3 (CPIV-3)
	Human respirovirus 1	human parainfluenza virus 1 (HPIV-1)
	Human respirovirus 3	human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV-3)
	Murine respirovirus	Sendai virus (SeV)
	Porcine respirovirus 1	porcine parainfluenza virus 1 (PPIV-1)
	Squirrel respirovirus	giant squirrel virus (GSqV)
Salemvirus	Salem salemvirus	Salem virus (SalV)
Subfamily Rubulavirinae
Orthorubulavirus	Human orthorubulavirus 2	human parainfluenza virus 2 (HPIV-2)
	Human orthorubulavirus 4	human parainfluenza virus 4a (HPIV-4a)
		human parainfluenza virus 4b (HPIV-4b)
	Mammalian orthorubulavirus 5	parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV-5)
	Mammalian orthorubulavirus 6	Alston virus (AlsV)
	Mapuera orthorubulavirus	Mapuera virus (MapV)
	Mumps orthorubulavirus	mumps virus (MuV)
	Porcine orthorubulavirus	La Piedad Michoacán Mexico virus (LPMV)
	Simian orthorubulavirus	simian virus 41 (SV-41)
Pararubulavirus	Achimota pararubulavirus 1	Achimota virus 1 (AchPV-1)
	Achimota pararubulavirus 2	Achimota virus 2 (AchPV-2)
	Hervey pararubulavirus	Hervey virus (HerV)
	Menangle pararubulavirus	Menangle virus (MenPV)
	Sosuga pararubulavirus	Sosuga virus (SOSV)
	Teviot pararubulavirus	Teviot virus (TevPV)
	Tioman pararubulavirus	Tioman virus (TioPV)
	Tuhoko pararubulavirus 1	Tuhoko virus 1 (ThkPV-1)
	Tuhoko pararubulavirus 2	Tuhoko virus 2 (ThkPV-2)
	Tuhoko pararubulavirus 3	Tuhoko virus 3 (ThkPV-3)
Unassigned (to subfamilies)
Cynoglossusvirus	Cynoglossus cynoglossusvirus	Wēnlǐng tonguesole paramyxovirus (WTSPV)
Hoplichthysvirus	Hoplichthys hoplichthysvirus	Wēnlǐng hoplichthys paramyxovirus (WHPV)
Scoliodonvirus	Scoliodon scoliodonvirus	Wēnzhōu pacific spadenose shark paramyxovirus (WPSSPV)
Family Pneumoviridae
Metapneumovirus	Avian metapneumovirus	avian metapneumovirus (AMPV)
	Human metapneumovirus	human metapneumovirus (HMPV)
Orthopneumovirus	Bovine orthopneumovirus	bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV)
	Human orthopneumovirus	human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV)
	Murine orthopneumovirus	murine pneumonia virus (MPV)
Family Rhabdoviridae
Subfamily Alpharhabdovirinae
Almendravirus	Arboretum almendravirus	Arboretum virus (ABTV)
	Balsa almendravirus	Balsa virus (BALV)
	Coot Bay almendravirus	Coot Bay virus (CBV)
	Menghai almendravirus	Menghai virus (MRV)
	Puerto Almendras almendravirus	Puerto Almendras virus (PTAMV)
	Rio Chico almendravirus	Rio Chico virus (RCHV)
Alphanemrhavirus	Xingshan alphanemrhavirus	Xingshan nematode virus 4 (XsNV-4)
	Xinzhou alphanemrhavirus	Xinzhou nematode virus 4 (XzNV-4)
Alphapaprhavirus	Hubei alphapaprhavirus	Hubei lepidoptera virus 2 (HbLV-2)
	Pararge alphapaprhavirus	Pararge aegeria rhabdovirus (PAeRV)
Alpharicinrhavirus	Blanchseco alpharicinrhavirus	Blanchseco virus (BCOV)
	Bole alpharicinrhavirus	Bole tick virus 2 (BlTV-2)
	Wuhan alpharicinrhavirus	Wuhan tick virus 1 (WhTV-1)
Arurhavirus	Aruac arurhavirus	Aruac virus (ARUV)
	Inhangapi arurhavirus	Inhangapi virus (INHV)
	Santabarbara arurhavirus	Santa Barbara virus (SBAV)
	Xiburema arurhavirus	Xiburema virus (XIBV)
Barhavirus	Bahia barhavirus	Bahia Grande virus (BGV)
		Harlingen virus (HARV)
	Muir barhavirus	Muir Springs virus (MSV)
Caligrhavirus	Caligus caligrhavirus	Caligus rogercresseyi rhabdovirus (CRogRV)
	Lepeophtheirus caligrhavirus	Lepeophtheirus salmonis rhabdovirus 127 (LSalRV-127)
	Salmonlouse caligrhavirus	Lepeophtheirus salmonis rhabdovirus 9 (LSalRV-9)
Curiovirus	Curionopolis curiovirus	Curionopolis virus (CURV)
	Iriri curiovirus	Iriri virus (IRIRV)
	Itacaiunas curiovirus	Itacaiunas virus (ITAV)
	Rochambeau curiovirus	Rochambeau virus (RBUV)
Ephemerovirus	Adelaide River ephemerovirus	Adelaide River virus (ARV)
	Berrimah ephemerovirus	Berrimah virus (BRMV)
	Bovine fever ephemerovirus	bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV)
	Hayes ephemerovirus	Hayes Yard virus (HYV)
	Kent ephemerovirus	New Kent County virus (NKCV)
	Kimberley ephemerovirus	Kimberley virus (KIMV)
		Malakal virus (MALV)
	Koolpinyah ephemerovirus	Koolpinyah virus (KOOLV)
	Kotonkan ephemerovirus	kotonkan virus (KOTV)
	Obodhiang ephemerovirus	Obodhiang virus (OBOV)
	Puchong ephemerovirus	Puchong virus (PUCV)
	Yata ephemerovirus	Yata virus (YATV)
Hapavirus	Flanders hapavirus	Flanders virus (FLAV)
	Gray Lodge hapavirus	Gray Lodge virus (GLOV)
	Hart Park hapavirus	Hart Park virus (HPV)
	Holmes hapavirus	Holmes Jungle virus (HOJV)
	Joinjakaka hapavirus	Joinjakaka virus (JOIV)
	Kamese hapavirus	Kamese virus (KAMV)
	La Joya hapavirus	La Joya virus (LJV)
	Landjia hapavirus	Landjia virus (LANV = LJAV)
	Manitoba hapavirus	Manitoba virus (MANV = MNTBV)
	Marco hapavirus	Marco virus (MCOV)
	Mosqueiro hapavirus	Mosqueiro virus (MQOV)
	Mossuril hapavirus	Mossuril virus (MOSV)
	Ngaingan hapavirus	Ngaingan virus (NGAV)
	Ord River hapavirus	Ord River virus (ORV)
	Parry Creek hapavirus	Parry Creek virus (PCV)
	Wongabel hapavirus	Wongabel virus (WONV)
Ledantevirus	Barur ledantevirus	Barur virus (BARV)
	Bughendera ledantevirus	Bughendera virus (BUGV)
	Fikirini ledantevirus	Fikirini virus (FKRV)
	Fukuoka ledantevirus	Fukuoka virus (FUKV)
	Kanyawara ledantevirus	Kanyawara virus (KYAV)
	Kern Canyon ledantevirus	Kern Canyon virus (KCV)
	Keuraliba ledantevirus	Keuraliba virus (KEUV)
	Kolente ledantevirus	Kolente virus (KOLEV)
	Kumasi ledantevirus	Kumasi rhabdovirus (KRV)
	Le Dantec ledantevirus	Le Dantec virus (LDV)
	Mount Elgon bat ledantevirus	Mount Elgon bat virus (MEBV)
	Nishimuro ledantevirus	Nishimuro virus (NISV)
	Nkolbisson ledantevirus	Nkolbisson virus (NKOV)
	Oita ledantevirus	Oita virus (OITAV)
	Vaprio ledantevirus	Vaprio virus (VAPV)
	Wuhan ledantevirus	Wuhan louse fly virus 5 (WLFV-5)
	Yongjia ledantevirus	Yongjia tick virus 2 (YTV-2)
Lostrhavirus	Hyalomma lostrhavirus	Xinjiang tick rhabdovirus (XjTRV)
	Lonestar lostrhavirus	lone star tick rhabdovirus (LITRV)
Lyssavirus	Aravan lyssavirus	Aravan virus (ARAV)
	Australian bat lyssavirus	Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV)
	Bokeloh bat lyssavirus	Bokeloh bat lyssavirus (BBLV)
	Duvenhage lyssavirus	Duvenhage virus (DUVV)
	European bat 1 lyssavirus	European bat lyssavirus 1 (EBLV-1)
	European bat 2 lyssavirus	European bat lyssavirus 2 (EBLV-2)
	Gannoruwa bat lyssavirus	Gannoruwa bat lyssavirus (GBLV)
	Ikoma lyssavirus	Ikoma lyssavirus (IKOV)
	Irkut lyssavirus	Irkut virus (IRKV)
	Khujand lyssavirus	Khujand virus (KHUV)
	Lagos bat lyssavirus	Lagos bat virus (LBV)
	Lleida bat lyssavirus	Lleida bat lyssavirus (LLEBV)
	Mokola lyssavirus	Mokola virus (MOKV)
	Rabies lyssavirus	rabies virus (RABV)
	Shimoni bat lyssavirus	Shimoni bat virus (SHIBV)
	Taiwan bat lyssavirus	Taiwan bat lyssavirus (TWBLV)
	West Caucasian bat lyssavirus	West Caucasian bat virus (WCBV)
Merhavirus	Merida merhavirus	Merida virus (MERDV)
	Tritaeniorhynchus merhavirus	Culex tritaeniorhynchus rhabdovirus (CTRV)
Mousrhavirus	Moussa mousrhavirus	Moussa virus (MOUV)
Ohlsrhavirus	Angeles ohlsrhavirus	Culex rhabdo-like virus Los Angeles (CRLVLA)
	Culex ohlsrharhavirus	Culex rhabdo-like virus (CRLV)
	Lobeira ohlsrhavirus	Lobeira virus (LOBV)
	Northcreek ohlsrhavirus	North Creek virus (NORCV)
	Ohlsdorf ohlsrhavirus	Ohlsdorf virus (OHLDV)
	Pseudovishnui ohlsrhavirus	Culex pseudovishnui rhabdo-like virus (CpRLV)
	Riverside ohlsrhavirus	Riverside virus (RISV)
	Tongilchon ohlsrhavirus	Tongilchon virus 1 (TCHV-1)
Perhabdovirus	Anguillid perhabdovirus	eel virus European X (EVEX)
	Perch perhabdovirus	perch rhabdovirus (PRV)
	Sea trout perhabdovirus	lake trout rhabdovirus (LTRV)
Sawgrhavirus	Connecticut sawgrhavirus	Connecticut virus (CNTV)
	Island sawgrhavirus	Long Island tick rhabdovirus (LITRV)
	Minto sawgrhavirus	New Minto virus (NMV)
	Sawgrass sawgrhavirus	Sawgrass virus (SAWV)
Sigmavirus	Capitata sigmavirus	Ceratitis capitata sigmavirus (CCapSV)
	Domestica sigmavirus	Wuhan fly virus 2 (WhFV-2)
	Drosophila affinis sigmavirus	Drosophila affinis sigmavirus (DAffSV)
	Drosophila ananassae sigmavirus	Drosophila ananassae sigmavirus (DAnaSV)
	Drosophila immigrans sigmavirus	Drosophila immigrans sigmavirus (DImmSV)
	Drosophila melanogaster sigmavirus	Drosophila melanogaster sigmavirus (DMelSV)
	Drosophila obscura sigmavirus	Drosophila obscura sigmavirus (DObsSV)
	Drosophila tristis sigmavirus	Drosophila tristis sigmavirus (DTriSV)
	Hippoboscid sigmavirus	Wuhan louse fly virus 9 (WhLFV-9)
	Hubei sigmavirus	Hubei diptera virus 9 (HbDV-9)
	Lousefly sigmavirus	Wuhan louse fly virus 10 (WhLFV-10)
	Muscina stabulans sigmavirus	Muscina stabulans sigmavirus (MStaSV)
	Myga sigmavirus	Hubei diptera virus 10 (HbDV-10)
	Shayang sigmavirus	Shayang fly virus 2 (SyFV-1)
	Sturtevanti sigmavirus	Drosophila sturtevanti sigmavirus (DStuSV)
	Wuhan sigmavirus	Wuhan house fly virus 1 (WhHFV-1)
	Ying sigmavirus	Hubei dimarhabdovirus 1 (HbDRV-1)
Sprivivirus	Carp sprivivirus	spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV)
	Pike fry sprivivirus	grass carp rhabdovirus (GrCRV)
		pike fry rhabdovirus (PFRV)
		tench rhabdovirus (TenRV)
Sripuvirus	Almpiwar sripuvirus	Almpiwar virus (ALMV)
	Chaco sripuvirus	Chaco virus (CHOV)
	Charleville sripuvirus	Charleville virus (CHVV)
	Cuiaba sripuvirus	Cuiaba virus (CUIV)
	Hainan sripuvirus	Hainan black-spectacled toad rhabdovirus (HnBSTRV)
	Niakha sripuvirus	Niakha virus (NIAV)
	Sena Madureira sripuvirus	Sena Madureira virus (SMV)
	Sripur sripuvirus	Sripur virus (SRIV)
Sunrhavirus	Dillard sunrhavirus	Dillard’s Draw virus (DDRV)
	Garba sunrhavirus	Garba virus (GARV)
	Harrison sunrhavirus	Harrison Dam virus (HARDV)
	Kwatta sunrhavirus	Kwatta virus (KWAV)
	Oakvale sunrhavirus	Oak Vale virus (OVV)
	Sunguru sunrhavirus	Sunguru virus (SUNV)
	Walkabout sunrhavirus	Walkabout Creek virus (WACV)
Tibrovirus	Bas Congo tibrovirus	Bas-Congo virus (BASV)
	Beatrice Hill tibrovirus	Beatrice Hill virus (BHV)
	Coastal Plains tibrovirus	Coastal Plains virus (CPV)
	Ekpoma 1 tibrovirus	Ekpoma virus 1 (EKV-1)
	Ekpoma 2 tibrovirus	Ekpoma virus 2 (EKV-2)
	Sweetwater Branch tibrovirus	Sweetwater Branch virus (SWBV)
	Tibrogargan tibrovirus	Bivens Arm virus (BAV)
		Tibrogargan virus (TIBV)
Tupavirus	Durham tupavirus	Durham virus (DURV)
	Klamath tupavirus	Klamath virus (KLAV)
	Tupaia tupavirus	tupaia rhabdovirus (TUPV)
Vesiculovirus	Alagoas vesiculovirus	vesicular stomatitis Alagoas virus (VSAV)
	Carajas vesiculovirus	Carajás virus (CJSV)
	Chandipura vesiculovirus	Chandipura virus (CHPV)
	Cocal vesiculovirus	Cocal virus (COCV)
	Eptesicus vesiculovirus	American bat vesiculovirus (ABVV)
	Indiana vesiculovirus	vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (VSIV)
	Isfahan vesiculovirus	Isfahan virus (ISFV)
	Jurona vesiculovirus	Jurona virus (JURV)
	Malpais Spring vesiculovirus	Malpais Spring virus (MSPV)
	Maraba vesiculovirus	Maraba virus (MARAV)
	Morreton vesiculovirus	Morreton virus (MORV)
	New Jersey vesiculovirus	vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV)
	Perinet vesiculovirus	Perinet virus (PERV)
	Piry vesiculovirus	Piry virus (PIRYV)
	Radi vesiculovirus	Radi virus (RADV)
	Rhinolophus vesiculovirus	Jinghong bat virus (JhBV)
	Yug Bogdanovac vesiculovirus	Yug Bogdanovac virus (YBV)
Zarhavirus	Zahedan zarhavirus	Zahedan rhabdovirus (ZARV)
Subfamily Betarhabdovirinae
Alphanucleorhabdovirus	Constricta yellow dwarf alphanucleorhabdovirus	constricta yellow dwarf virus (CYDV)
	Eggplant mottled dwarf alphanucleorhabdovirus	eggplant mottled dwarf virus (EMDV)
	Maize Iranian mosaic alphanucleorhabdovirus	maize Iranian mosaic virus (MIMV)
	Maize mosaic alphanucleorhabdovirus	maize mosaic virus (MMV)
	Morogoro maize-associated alphanucleorhabdovirus	Morogoro maize-associated virus (MMaV)
	Peach alphanucleorhabdovirus	peach virus 1 (PeV1)
	Physostegia chlorotic mottle alphanucleorhabdovirus	Physostegia chlorotic mottle virus (PhCMoV)
	Potato yellow dwarf alphanucleorhabdovirus	potato yellow dwarf virus (PYDV)
	Rice yellow stunt alphanucleorhabdovirus	rice yellow stunt virus (RYSV)
		rice transitory yellowing virus (RTYV)
	Taro vein chlorosis alphanucleorhabdovirus	taro vein chlorosis virus (TaVCV)
	Wheat yellow striate alphanucleorhabdovirus	wheat yellow striate virus (WYSV)
Betanucleorhabdovirus	Alfalfa betanucleorhabdovirus	alfalfa-associated nucleorhabdovirus (AaNV)
	Apple betanucleorhabdovirus	apple rootstock virus A (ApRVA)
	Blackcurrant betanucleorhabdovirus	blackcurrant-associated rhabdovirus (BCaRV)
	Cardamom betanucleorhabdovirus	cardamom vein clearing virus (CdVCV)
	Datura yellow vein betanucleorhabdovirus	datura yellow vein virus (DYVV)
	Pepper betanucleorhabdovirus	Zhuye pepper nucleorhabdovirus (ZPNRV)
	Sonchus yellow net betanucleorhabdovirus	Sonchus yellow net virus (SYNV)
	Sowthistle yellow vein betanucleorhabdovirus	sowthistle yellow vein virus (SYVV)
	Trefoil betanucleorhabdovirus	birds-foot trefoil-associated virus (BFTV)
Cytorhabdovirus	Alfalfa dwarf cytorhabdovirus	alfalfa dwarf virus (ADV)
	Barley yellow striate mosaic cytorhabdovirus	barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV)
	Broccoli necrotic yellows cytorhabdovirus	broccoli necrotic yellows virus (BNYV)
	Cabbage cytorhabdovirus	cabbage cytorhabdovirus 1 (CCyV-1)
	Colocasia bobone disease-associated cytorhabdovirus	Colocasia bobone disease-associated virus (CBDaV)
	Festuca leaf streak cytorhabdovirus	Festuca leaf streak virus (FLSV)
	Lettuce necrotic yellows cytorhabdovirus	lettuce necrotic yellows virus (LNYV)
	Lettuce yellow mottle cytorhabdovirus	lettuce yellow mottle virus (LYMoV)
	Maize-associated cytorhabdovirus	maize-associated cytorhabdovirus (MaCV)
	Maize yellow striate cytorhabdovirus	maize yellow striate virus (MYSV)
	Northern cereal mosaic cytorhabdovirus	northern cereal mosaic virus (NCMV)
	Papaya cytorhabdovirus	papaya virus E (PpVE)
	Persimmon cytorhabdovirus	persimmon virus A (PeVA)
	Raspberry vein chlorosis cytorhabdovirus	raspberry vein chlorosis virus (RVCV)
	Rice stripe mosaic cytorhabdovirus	rice stripe mosaic virus (RSMV)
	Sonchus cytorhabdovirus 1	Sonchus virus (SonV)
	Strawberry crinkle cytorhabdovirus	strawberry crinkle virus (SCV)
	Strawberry cytorhabdovirus 1	strawberry-associated virus 1 (SaV-1)
		strawberry virus 1 (StrV-1)
	Trichosanthes cytorhabdovirus	Trichosanthes associated rhabdovirus 1 (TrARV1)
	Trifolium pratense cytorhabdovirus A	Trifolium pratense virus A (TpVA)
	Trifolium pratense cytorhabdovirus B	Trifolium pratense virus B (TpVB)
	Tomato yellow mottle-associated cytorhabdovirus	tomato yellow mottle-associated virus (TYMaV)
	Wheat American striate mosaic cytorhabdovirus	wheat American striate mosaic virus (WASMV)
	Wuhan 4 insect cytorhabdovirus	Wuhan insect virus 4 (WuIV-4)
	Wuhan 5 insect cytorhabdovirus	Wuhan insect virus 5 (WuIV-5)
	Wuhan 6 insect cytorhabdovirus	Wuhan insect virus 6 (WuIV-6)
	Yerba mate chlorosis-associated cytorhabdovirus	yerba mate chlorosis-associated virus (YmCaV)
	Yerba mate cytorhabdovirus	yerba mate virus A (YmVA)
Dichorhavirus	Citrus chlorotic spot dichorhavirus	citrus chlorotic spot virus (CiCSV)
	Citrus leprosis N dichorhavirus	citrus leprosis virus N (CiLV-N)
	Clerodendrum chlorotic spot dichorhavirus	clerodendrum chlorotic spot virus (ClCSV)
	Coffee ringspot dichorhavirus	coffee ringspot virus (CoRSV)
	Orchid fleck dichorhavirus	orchid fleck virus (OFV)
Gammanucleorhabdovirus	Maize fine streak gammanucleorhabdovirus	maize fine streak virus (MFSV)
Varicosavirus	Alopecurus varicosavirus	Alopecurus myosuroides varicosavirus 1 (AMVV-1)
	Lettuce big-vein associated varicosavirus	lettuce big-vein associated virus (LBVaV)
	Trifolium varicosavirus	red clover associated varicosavirus (RCaVV)
Subfamily Gammarhabdovirinae
Novirhabdovirus	Hirame novirhabdovirus	hirame rhabdovirus (HIRRV = HIRV)
	Piscine novirhabdovirus	viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV)
	Salmonid novirhabdovirus	infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV)
	Snakehead novirhabdovirus	snakehead rhabdovirus (SHRV)
Unassigned (to subfamilies)
Alphacrustrhavirus	Wenling alphacrustrhavirus	Wenling crustacean virus 10 (WlCV-10)
	Zhejiang alphacrustrhavirus	Wenling crustacean virus 10 (WlCV-11)
Alphadrosrhavirus	Hubei alphadrosrhavirus	Wuhan house fly virus 2 (WhHFV-2)
	Shayang alphadrosrhavirus	Shayang fly virus 3 (SyFV-3)
Alphahymrhavirus	Cinereus alphahymrhavirus	hymenopteran rhabdo-related virus 38 (HyRRV-38)
	Hirtum alphahymrhavirus	hymenopteran rhabdo-related virus 109 (HyRRV-109)
	Neglectus alphahymrhavirus	Lasius neglectus virus 2 (LnegV-2)
	Radians alphahymrhavirus	hymenopteran rhabdo-related virus 46 (HyRRV-46)
Betahymrhavirus	Austriaca betahymrhavirus	hymenopteran rhabdo-related virus 23 (HyRRV-23)
	Heterodontonyx betahymrhavirus	hymenopteran rhabdo-related virus 24 (HyRRV-24)
Betanemrhavirus	Hubei betanemrhavirus	Hubei rhabdo-like virus 9 (HbRLV-9)
	Shayang betanemrhavirus	Shayang ascaridia galli virus 2 (SyAGV-2)
Betapaprhavirus	Frugiperda betapaprhavirus	Spodoptera frugiperda rhabdovirus (SfruRV)
	Sylvina betapaprhavirus	lepidopteran rhabdo-related virus 34 (LeRRV-34)
Betaricinrhavirus	Chimay betaricinrhavirus	Chimay rhabdovirus (CRV)
	Scapularis betaricinrhavirus	blacklegged tick rhabdovirus 1 (BLTRV-1)
Family Sunviridae
Sunshinevirus	Reptile sunshinevirus 1	Sunshine Coast virus (SunCV)
Family Xinmoviridae
Anphevirus	Bolahun anphevirus	Bolahun virus (BLHV)
		Gambie virus (GAMV)
	Dipteran anphevirus	Húběi diptera virus 11 (HbDV-11)
	Drosophilid anphevirus	Drosophila unispina virus 1 (DuniV-1)
	Odonate anphevirus	Húběi rhabdo-like virus 7 (HbRLV-7)
	Orthopteran anphevirus	Húběi orthoptera virus 5 (HbOV-5)
	Shuangao anphevirus	Shuāngào fly virus 2 (SgFV-2)
	Xincheng anphevirus	Xīnchéng mosquito virus (XcMV)

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Note that viruses are real objects that are assigned to concepts that are called taxa. Species, genera, subfamilies, families, and orders are taxa.

Includes: Newcastle disease virus (NDV).

^¶

Taxon names are always italicized and always begin with a capital letter.

Table 4.

ICTV-accepted taxonomy of the order Muvirales (Negarnaviricota: Haploviricotina: Chunqiuviricetes) as of March 2021.

Genus	Species^¶	Virus (Abbreviation)^&
Family Qinviridae
Yingvirus	Beihai yingvirus	Běihǎi sesarmid crab virus 4 (BhSCV-4)
	Charybdis yingvirus	Wēnzhōu qínvirus-like virus 2 (WzQLV-2)
	Hubei yingvirus	Húběi qínvirus-like virus 1 (HbQLV-1)
	Sanxia yingvirus	Sānxiá qínvirus-like virus 1 (SxQLV-1)
	Shahe yingvirus	Shāhé qínvirus-like virus 1 (ShQLV-1)
	Wenzhou yingvirus	Wēnzhōu qínvirus-like virus 1 (WzQLV-1)
	Wuhan yingvirus	Wǔhàn insect virus 15 (WhIV-15)
	Xinzhou yingvirus	Xīnzhōu nematode virus 3 (XzNV-3)

Open in a new tab

Note that viruses are real objects that are assigned to concepts that are called taxa. Species, genera, families, and orders are taxa.

^¶

Taxon names are always italicized and always begin with a capital letter.

Virus names are not italicized and are not capitalized, except if the name or a name component is a proper noun. This column lists the virus names with their correct (lack of) capitalization.

Table 5.

ICTV-accepted taxonomy of the order Serpentovirales (Negarnaviricota: Haploviricotina: Milneviricetes) as of March 2021.

Genus	Species^¶	Virus (Abbreviation)^&
Family Aspiviridae
Ophiovirus	Blueberry mosaic associated ophiovirus	blueberry mosaic associated virus (BlMaV)
	Citrus psorosis ophiovirus	citrus psorosis virus (CPsV)
	Freesia sneak ophiovirus	freesia sneak virus (FreSV)
	Lettuce ring necrosis ophiovirus	lettuce ring necrosis virus (LRNV)
	Mirafiori lettuce big-vein ophiovirus	Mirafiori lettuce big-vein virus (MLBVV)
	Ranunculus white mottle ophiovirus	ranunculus white mottle virus (RWMV)
	Tulip mild mottle mosaic ophiovirus	tulip mild mottle mosaic virus (TMMMV)

Open in a new tab

Note that viruses are real objects that are assigned to concepts that are called taxa. Species, genera, families, and orders are taxa.

^¶

Taxon names are always italicized and always begin with a capital letter.

Virus names are not italicized and are not capitalized, except if the name or a name component is a proper noun. This column lists the virus names with their correct (lack of) capitalization.

Table 6.

ICTV-accepted taxonomy of the order Articulavirales (Negarnaviricota: Polyploviricotina: Insthoviricetes) as of March 2021.

Genus	Species^¶	Virus (Abbreviation)^&
Family Amnoonviridae
Tilapinevirus	Tilapia tilapinevirus	tilapia lake virus (TiLV)
Family Orthomyxoviridae
Alphainfluenzavirus	Influenza A virus	influenza A virus (FLUAV)
Betainfluenzavirus	Influenza B virus	influenza B virus (FLUBV)
Deltainfluenzavirus	Influenza D virus	influenza D virus (FLUDV)
Gammainfluenzavirus	Influenza C virus	influenza C virus (FLUCV)
Isavirus	Salmon isavirus	infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV)
Quaranjavirus	Johnston Atoll quaranjavirus	Johnston Atoll virus (JAV)
	Quaranfil quaranjavirus	Quaranfil virus (QRFV)
Thogotovirus	Dhori thogotovirus	Dhori virus (DHOV)
	Thogoto thogotovirus	Thogoto virus (THOV)

Open in a new tab

Note that viruses are real objects that are assigned to concepts that are called taxa. Species, genera, families, and orders are taxa.

^¶

Taxon names are always italicized and always begin with a capital letter.

Virus names are not italicized and are not capitalized, except if the name or a name component is a proper noun. This column lists the virus names with their correct (lack of) capitalization.

Table 7.

ICTV-accepted taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales (Negarnaviricota: Polyploviricotina: Ellioviricetes) as of March 2020.

Genus	Species^¶	Virus (Abbreviation)^&
Family Arenaviridae
Antennavirus	Hairy antennavirus	Wēnlǐng frogfish arenavirus 2 (WlFAV-2)
	Salmon antennavirus	salmon pescarenavirus 1 (SPAV-1)
		salmon pescarenavirus 2 (SPAV-2)
	Striated antennavirus	Wēnlǐng frogfish arenavirus 1 (WlFAV-1)
Hartmanivirus	Haartman hartmanivirus	Haartman Institute snake virus 1 (HISV-1)
		Haartman Institute snake virus 2 (HISV-2)
	Heimat hartmanivirus	andere Heimat virus 1 (aHeV-1)
	Muikkunen hartmanivirus	Dante Muikkunen virus 1 (DaMV-1)
	Schoolhouse hartmanivirus	old schoolhouse virus 1 (OScV-1)
		old schoolhouse virus 2 (OScV-2)
	Setpatvet hartmanivirus	SetPatVet virus 1 (SPVV-1)
	Zurich hartmanivirus	veterinary pathology Zurich virus 1 (VPZV-1)
		veterinary pathology Zurich virus 2 (VPZV-2)
Mammarenavirus	Allpahuayo mammarenavirus	Allpahuayo virus (ALLV)
	Alxa mammarenavirus	Alxa virus (ALXV)
	Argentinian mammarenavirus	Junín virus (JUNV)
	Bear Canyon mammarenavirus	Bear Canyon virus (BCNV)
	Brazilian mammarenavirus	Sabiá virus (SBAV)
	Cali mammarenavirus	Pichindé virus (PICHV)
	Chapare mammarenavirus	Chapare virus (CHAPV)
	Chevrier mammarenavirus	Lìjiāng virus (LIJV)
	Cupixi mammarenavirus	Cupixi virus (CUPXV)
	Flexal mammarenavirus	Flexal virus (FLEV)
	Gairo mammarenavirus	Gairo virus (GAIV)
	Guanarito mammarenavirus	Guanarito virus (GTOV)
	Ippy mammarenavirus	Ippy virus (IPPYV)
	Kitale mammarenavirus	Kitale virus (KTLV)
	Lassa mammarenavirus	Lassa virus (LASV)
	Latino mammarenavirus	Latino virus (LATV)
	Loei River mammarenavirus	Loei River virus (LORV)
	Lujo mammarenavirus	Lujo virus (LUJV)
	Luna mammarenavirus	Luli virus (LULV)
		Luna virus (LUAV)
	Lunk mammarenavirus	Lunk virus (LNKV)
	Lymphocytic choriomeningitis mammarenavirus	Dandenong virus (DANV)
		lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)
	Machupo mammarenavirus	Machupo virus (MACV)
	Mariental mammarenavirus	Mariental virus (MRLV)
	Merino Walk mammarenavirus	Merino Walk virus (MRWV)
	Mobala mammarenavirus	mobala virus (MOBV)
	Mopeia mammarenavirus	Mopeia virus (MPOV)
		Morogoro virus (MORV)
	Okahandja mammarenavirus	Okahandja virus (OKAV)
	Oliveros mammarenavirus	Oliveros virus (OLVV)
	Paraguayan mammarenavirus	Paraná virus (PRAV)
	Planalto mammarenavirus	Aporé virus (APOV)
	Pirital mammarenavirus	Pirital virus (PIRV)
	Ryukyu mammarenavirus	Ryukyu virus (RYKV)
	Serra do Navio mammarenavirus	Amaparí virus (AMAV)
	Solwezi mammarenavirus	Solwezi virus (SOLV)
	Souris mammarenavirus	souris virus (SOUV)
	Tacaribe mammarenavirus	Tacaribe virus (TCRV)
	Tamiami mammarenavirus	Tamiami virus (TMMV)
	Wenzhou mammarenavirus	Wēnzhōu virus (WENV)
	Whitewater Arroyo mammarenavirus	Big Brushy Tank virus (BBRTV)
		Catarina virus (CTNV)
		Skinner Tank virus (SKTV)
		Tonto Creek virus (TTCV)
		Whitewater Arroyo virus (WWAV)
	Xapuri mammarenavirus	Xapuri virus (XAPV)
Reptarenavirus	California reptarenavirus	CAS virus (CASV)
	Giessen reptarenavirus	University of Giessen virus 1 (UGV-1)
		University of Giessen virus 2 (UGV-2)
		University of Giessen virus 3 (UGV-3)
	Golden reptarenavirus	Golden Gate virus (GOGV)
	Ordinary reptarenavirus	tavallinen suomalainen mies virus 2 (TSMV-2)
	Rotterdam reptarenavirus	ROUT virus (ROUTV)
		University of Helsinki virus 1 (UHV-1)
Family Cruliviridae
Lincruvirus	Lincruvirus europense	European shore crab virus 1 (EscV-1)
	Lincruvirus sinense	Chinese mitten crab virus 1 (CmcV-1)
	Lincruvirus wenlingense	Wēnlǐng crustacean virus 9 (WlCV-9)
Family Fimoviridae
Emaravirus	Actinidia chlorotic ringspot-associated emaravirus	Actinidia chlorotic ringspot-associated virus (AcCRaV)
	Actinidia emaravirus 2	Actinidia virus 2 (AcV-2)
	Aspen mosaic-associated emaravirus	aspen mosaic-associated virus (AsMaV)
	Blackberry leaf mottle associated emaravirus	blackberry leaf mottle-associated virus (BLMaV)
	Camellia japonica-associated emaravirus 1	Camellia japonica-associated virus 1 (CjaV-1)
	Camellia japonica-associated emaravirus 2	Camellia japonica-associated virus 2 (CjaV-2)
	European mountain ash ringspot-associated emaravirus	European mountain ash ringspot-associated virus (EMARaV)
	Fig mosaic emaravirus	fig mosaic virus (FMV)
	High Plains wheat mosaic emaravirus	High Plains wheat mosaic virus (HPWMoV)
	Jujube yellow mottle-associated emaravirus	jujube yellow mottle-associated virus (JYMaV)
	Lilac chlorotic ringspot-associated virus	lilac chlorotic ringspot-associated virus (LiCRaV)
	Palo verde broom emaravirus	palo verde broom virus (PVBV)
	Pear chlorotic leaf spot-associated emaravirus	pear chlorotic leaf spot-associated virus (PCLSaV)
	Perilla mosaic emaravirus	perilla mosaic virus (PerMV)
	Pigeonpea sterility mosaic emaravirus 1	pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus 1 (PPSMV-1)
	Pigeonpea sterility mosaic emaravirus 2	pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus 2 (PPSMV-2)
	Pistacia emaravirus B	pistacia virus B (PiVB)
	Raspberry leaf blotch emaravirus	raspberry leaf blotch virus (RLBV)
	Redbud yellow ringspot-associated emaravirus	redbud yellow ringspot-associated virus (RYRaV)
	Rose rosette emaravirus	rose rosette virus (RRV)
	Ti ringspot-associated emaravirus	ti ringspot-associated virus (TiRSaV)
Family Hantaviridae
Subfamily Actantavirinae
Actinovirus	Batfish actinovirus	Wēnlǐng minipizza batfish virus (WEMBV)
	Goosefish actinovirus	Wēnlǐng yellow goosefish virus (WEYGV)
	Perch actinovirus	Bern perch virus (BRPV)
	Spikefish actinovirus	Wēnlǐng red spikefish virus (WERSV)
Subfamily Agantavirinae
Agnathovirus	Hagfish agnathovirus	Wēnlǐng hagfish virus (WEHV)
Subfamily Mammantavirinae
Loanvirus	Brno loanvirus	Brno virus (BRNV)
	Longquan loanvirus	Lóngquán virus (LQUV)
Mobatvirus	Laibin mobatvirus	Láibīn virus (LAIV)
	Lena mobatvirus	Lena virus (LENV)
	Nova mobatvirus	Nova virus (NVAV)
	Quezon mobatvirus	Quezon virus (QZNV)
	Xuan Son mobatvirus	Xuân Sơn virus (XSV)
Orthohantavirus	Andes orthohantavirus	Andes virus (ANDV)
		Castelo dos Sonhos virus (CASV)
		Lechiguanas virus (LECV = LECHV)
		Orán virus (ORNV)
	Asama orthohantavirus	Asama virus (ASAV)
	Asikkala orthohantavirus	Asikkala virus (ASIV)
	Bayou orthohantavirus	bayou virus (BAYV)
		Catacamas virus (CATV)
	Black Creek Canal orthohantavirus	Black Creek Canal virus (BCCV)
	Bowe orthohantavirus	Bowé virus (BOWV)
	Bruges orthohantavirus	Bruges virus (BRGV)
	Cano Delgadito orthohantavirus	Caño Delgadito virus (CADV)
	Cao Bang orthohantavirus	Cao Bằng virus (CBNV)
		Liánghé virus (LHEV)
	Choclo orthohantavirus	Choclo virus (CHOV)
	Dabieshan orthohantavirus	Dàbiéshān virus (DBSV)
	Dobrava-Belgrade orthohantavirus	Dobrava virus (DOBV)
		Kurkino virus (KURV)
		Saaremaa virus (SAAV)
		Sochi virus (SOCV)
	El Moro Canyon orthohantavirus	Carrizal virus (CARV)
		El Moro Canyon virus (ELMCV)
		Huitzilac virus (HUIV)
	Fugong orthohantavirus	Fúgòng virus (FUGV)
	Fusong orthohantavirus	Fǔsōng virus (FUSV)
	Hantaan orthohantavirus	Amur virus (AMRV)
		Hantaan virus (HTNV)
		Soochong virus (SOOV)
	Jeju orthohantavirus	Jeju virus (JJUV)
	Kenkeme orthohantavirus	Kenkeme virus (KKMV)
	Khabarovsk orthohantavirus	Khabarovsk virus (KHAV)
		Topografov virus (TOPV)
	Laguna Negra orthohantavirus	Laguna Negra virus (LANV)
		Maripa virus (MARV)
		Rio Mamoré virus (RIOMV)
	Luxi orthohantavirus	Lúxī virus (LUXV)
	Maporal orthohantavirus	Maporal virus (MAPV)
	Montano orthohantavirus	Montaño virus (MTNV)
	Necocli orthohantavirus	Necoclí virus (NECV)
	Oxbow orthohantavirus	Oxbow virus (OXBV)
	Prospect Hill orthohantavirus	Prospect Hill virus (PHV)
	Puumala orthohantavirus	Hokkaido virus (HOKV)
		Muju virus (MUJV)
		Puumala virus (PUUV)
	Robina orthohantavirus	Robina virus (ROBV)
	Rockport orthohantavirus	Rockport virus (RKPV)
	Sangassou orthohantavirus	Sangassou virus (SANGV)
	Seewis orthohantavirus	Seewis virus (SWSV)
	Seoul orthohantavirus	gōu virus (GOUV)
		Seoul virus (SEOV)
	Sin Nombre orthohantavirus	New York virus (NYV)
		Sin Nombre virus (SNV)
	Tatenale orthohantavirus	Tatenale virus (TATV)
	Thailand orthohantavirus	Anjozorobe virus (ANJZV)
		Serang virus (SERV)
		Thailand virus (THAIV)
	Tigray orthohantavirus	Tigray virus (TIGV)
	Tula orthohantavirus	Adler virus (ADLV)
		Tula virus (TULV)
	Yakeshi orthohantavirus	Yákèshí virus (YKSV)
Thottimvirus	Imjin thottimvirus	Imjin virus (MJNV)
	Thottapalayam thottimvirus	Thottapalayam virus (TPMV)
Subfamily Repantavirinae
Reptillovirus	Gecko reptillovirus	Hǎinán oriental leaf-toed gecko virus (HOLGV)
Family Leishbuviridae
Shilevirus	Leptomonas shilevirus	Leptomonas moramango virus (LEPMV)
Family Mypoviridae
Hubavirus	Myriapod hubavirus	Húběi myriapoda virus 5 (HbMV-5)
Family Nairoviridae
Norwavirus	Grotenhout norwavirus	Grotenhout virus (GRHV)
Ocetevirus	Blattodean ocetevirus	red goblin roach virus 1 (RGRV-1)
Orthonairovirus	Abu Hammad orthonairovirus	Abū Ḥammād virus (AHV)
	Abu Mina orthonairovirus	Abū Mīnā virus (AMV)
	Artashat orthonairovirus	Artashat virus (ARTSV)
	Avalon orthonairovirus	Avalon virus (AVAV)
	Chim orthonairovirus	Chim virus (CHIMV)
	Bandia orthonairovirus	Bandia virus (BDAV)
	Burana orthonairovirus	Burana virus (BURV)
	Congoid orthonairovirus	Aigai virus (AIGV)
	Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus	Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV)
	Dera Ghazi Khan orthonairovirus	Dera Ghazi Khan virus (DGKV)
	Dugbe orthonairovirus	Dugbe virus (DUGV)
	Erve orthonairovirus	Erve virus (ERVEV)
	Estero Real orthonairovirus	Estero Real virus (ERV)
	Gossas orthonairovirus	Gossas virus (GOSV)
	Hazara orthonairovirus	Hazara virus (HAZV)
	Huangpi orthonairovirus	Huángpí tick virus 1 (HpTV-1)
	Hughes orthonairovirus	Caspiy virus (CASV)
		Farallon virus (FARV)
		Great Saltee virus (GRSV)
		Hughes virus (HUGV)
		Raza virus (RAZAV)
	Issyk-kul orthonairovirus	Issyk-kul virus (ISKV)
	Kasokero orthonairovirus	Kasokero virus (KASV = KASOV)
	Keterah orthonairovirus	Keterah virus (KTRV)
		Uzun-Agach virus (UZAV)
	Kupe orthonairovirus	kupe virus (KUPEV)
	Leopards Hill orthonairovirus	Leopards Hill virus (LPHV)
	Meram orthonairovirus	Meram virus (MEMV)
	Nairobi sheep disease orthonairovirus	Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV)
	Pacific Coast orthonairovirus	Pacific Coast tick nairovirus (PCTNV)
	Punta orthonairovirus	Punta Salinas virus (PSV)
	Qalyub orthonairovirus	Geran virus (GERV)
		Qalyub virus (QYBV)
	Sakhalin orthonairovirus	Sakhalin virus (SAKV)
		Tillamook virus (TILLV)
	Sapphire orthonairovirus	Sapphire II virus (SAPV)
	Scot orthonairovirus	Clo Mor virus (CMV = CLMV)
	Soldado orthonairovirus	Soldado virus (SOLV)
	Tacheng orthonairovirus	Tǎchéng tick virus 1 (TcTV-1)
	Taggert orthonairovirus	Taggert virus (TAGV)
	Tamdy orthonairovirus	Tamdy virus (TAMV)
	Thiafora orthonairovirus	Thiafora virus (TFAV)
	Tofla orthonairovirus	tofla virus (TFLV)
	Tunis orthonairovirus	Tunis virus (TUNV)
	Vinegar Hill orthonairovirus	Vinegar Hill virus (VINHV)
	Wenzhou orthonairovirus	Wēnzhōu tick virus (WzTV)
	Yogue orthonairovirus	Yogue virus (YOGV)
	Zirqa orthonairovirus	Zirqa virus (ZIRV)
Sabavirus	South Bay sabavirus	South Bay virus (SBV)
Shaspivirus	Spider shaspivirus	Shāyáng spider virus 1 (SySV-1)
Striwavirus	Strider striwavirus	Sānxiá water strider virus 1 (SxWSV-1)
Xinspivirus	Xinzhou xinspivirus	Xīnzhōu spider virus (XSV)
Family Peribunyaviridae
Herbevirus	Herbert herbevirus	Herbert virus (HEBV)
	Kibale herbevirus	Kibale virus (KIBV)
	Tai herbevirus	Taï virus (TAIV)
Orthobunyavirus	Abras orthobunyavirus	Abras virus (ABRV)
	Acara orthobunyavirus	Acará virus (ACAV)
		Moriche virus (MORV)
	Aino orthobunyavirus	Aino virus (AINOV)
	Akabane orthobunyavirus	Akabane virus (AKAV)
		Tinaroo virus (TINV)
		Yaba-7 virus (Y7V)
	Alajuela orthobunyavirus	Alajuela virus (ALJV)
		San Juan virus (SJV)
	Anadyr orthobunyavirus	Anadyr virus (ANADV)
	Ananindeua orthobunyavirus	Ananindeua virus (ANUV)
	Anhembi orthobunyavirus	Anhembi virus (AMBV)
	Anopheles A orthobunyavirus	Anopheles A virus (ANAV)
		Arumateua virus (ARTV = ARMTV)
		Caraipé virus (CPEV = CRPV)
		Las Maloyas virus (LMV)
		Lukuni virus (LUKV)
		Trombetas virus (TRMV)
		Tucuruí virus (TUCV = TUCRV)
	Anopheles B orthobunyavirus	Anopheles B virus (ANBV)
		Boracéia virus (BORV)
	Apeu orthobunyavirus	Apeú virus (APEUV)
	Bakau orthobunyavirus	Bakau virus (BAKV)
		Ketapang virus (KETV)
		Nola virus (NOLAV)
		Tanjong Rabok virus (TRV)
		Telok Forest virus (TFV)
	Batai orthobunyavirus	Batai virus (BATV)
	Batama orthobunyavirus	Batama virus (BMAV)
	Bellavista orthobunyavirus	Bellavista virus (BELLV)
	Benevides orthobunyavirus	Benevides virus (BVSV = BENV)
	Bertioga orthobunyavirus	Bertioga virus (BERV)
		Cananéia virus (CNAV)
		Guaratuba virus (GTBV)
		Itimirim virus (ITIV)
		Mirim virus (MIRV)
	Bimiti orthobunyavirus	bimiti virus (BIMV)
	Birao orthobunyavirus	Birao virus (BIRV)
	Botambi orthobunyavirus	Botambi virus (BOTV)
	Bozo orthobunyavirus	Bozo virus (BOZOV)
	Brazoran orthobunyavirus	brazoran virus (BRAZV)
	Bruconha orthobunyavirus	Bruconha virus (BRUV)
	Buffalo Creek orthobunyavirus	Buffalo Creek virus (BUCV)
	Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus	Bunyamwera virus (BUNV)
		Germiston virus (GERV)
		Lokern virus (LOKV)
		Mboké virus (MBOV)
		Ngari virus (NRIV)
		Northway virus (NORV)
		Santa Rosa virus (SARV)
		Shokwe virus (SHOV)
		Stanfield virus (STAV)
		Xingu virus (XINV)
	Bushbush orthobunyavirus	Benfica virus (BENV = BNFV)
		Bushbush virus (BSBV)
		Juan Díaz virus (JDV)
	Buttonwillow orthobunyavirus	Buttonwillow virus (BUTV)
	Bwamba orthobunyavirus	Bwamba virus (BWAV)
		Pongola virus (PGAV)
	Cache Valley orthobunyavirus	Cache Valley virus (CVV)
		Cholul virus (CHLV)
		Tlacotalpan virus (TLAV)
	Cachoeira Porteira orthobunyavirus	Cachoeira Porteira virus (CPOV)
	California encephalitis orthobunyavirus	California encephalitis virus (CEV)
		Morro Bay virus (MBV)
	Capim orthobunyavirus	Capim virus (CAPV)
	Caraparu orthobunyavirus	Caraparú virus (CARV)
		El Huayo virus (EHUV)
		Itaya virus (ITYV)
		Ossa virus (OSSAV)
		Vinces virus (VINV)
	Cat Que orthobunyavirus	Cát Quế virus (CQV)
		Oya virus (OYAV)
	Catu orthobunyavirus	Catú virus (CATUV)
	Enseada orthobunyavirus	Enseada virus (ENSV)
	Faceys paddock orthobunyavirus	Facey’s paddock virus (FPV)
	Fort Sherman orthobunyavirus	Fort Sherman virus (FSV)
	Gamboa orthobunyavirus	Brus Laguna virus (BLAV)
		Calchaquí virus (CQIV)
		Gamboa virus (GAMV)
		Pueblo Viejo virus (PVV)
		Soberanía virus (SOBV)
	Gan Gan orthobunyavirus	Gan Gan virus (GGV)
	Guajara orthobunyavirus	Guajará virus (GJAV)
	Guama orthobunyavirus	Guamá virus (GMAV)
	Guaroa orthobunyavirus	Guaroa virus (GROV)
	Iaco orthobunyavirus	Iaco virus (IACOV)
	Ilesha orthobunyavirus	Ilesha virus (ILEV)
	Ingwavuma orthobunyavirus	Ingwavuma virus (INGV)
	Jamestown Canyon orthobunyavirus	Inkoo virus (INKV)
		Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV)
		Jerry Slough virus (JSV)
		South River virus (SORV)
	Jatobal orthobunyavirus	Jatobal virus (JATV)
	Kaeng Khoi orthobunyavirus	Kaeng Khoi virus (KKV)
	Kairi orthobunyavirus	kairi virus (KRIV)
	Keystone orthobunyavirus	Keystone virus (KEYV)
	Koongol orthobunyavirus	koongol virus (KOOV)
		wongal virus (WONV)
	La Crosse orthobunyavirus	La Crosse virus (LACV)
	Leanyer orthobunyavirus	Leanyer virus (LEAV)
	Lumbo orthobunyavirus	Lumbo virus (LUMV)
	Macaua orthobunyavirus	Macauã virus (MCAV)
	Madrid orthobunyavirus	Madrid virus (MADV)
	Maguari orthobunyavirus	Maguari virus (MAGV)
		Playas virus (PLAV)
	Mahogany Hammock orthobunyavirus	Mahogany Hammock virus (MHV)
	Main Drain orthobunyavirus	Main Drain virus (MDV)
	Manzanilla orthobunyavirus	Manzanilla virus (MANV)
		Inini virus (INIV)
	Mapputta orthobunyavirus	Mapputta virus (MAPV)
	Maprik orthobunyavirus	Maprik virus (MPKV)
	Marituba orthobunyavirus	Gumbo Limbo virus (GLV)
		Marituba virus (MTBV)
		Murutucú virus (MURV)
		Nepuyo virus (NEPV)
		Restan virus (RESV)
		Zungarococha virus (ZUNV)
	Matruh orthobunyavirus	Matruh virus (MTRV)
	Melao orthobunyavirus	Melao virus (MELV)
	Moju orthobunyavirus	Moju virus (MOJUV)
	Mermet orthobunyavirus	Mermet virus (MERV)
	Minatitlan orthobunyavirus	Minatitlán virus (MNTV)
		Palestina virus (PLSV)
	MPoko orthobunyavirus	M’Poko virus (MPOV)
		Yaba-1 virus (Y1V)
	Nyando orthobunyavirus	Eretmapodites virus (ERETV)
		Mojuí dos Campos virus (MDCV)
		Nyando virus (NDV)
	Olifantsvlei orthobunyavirus	Bobia virus (BIAV)
		Dabakala virus (DABV)
		Olifantsvlei virus (OLIV)
		Oubi virus (OUBIV)
	Oriboca orthobunyavirus	Itaquí virus (ITQV)
		Oriboca virus (ORIV)
	Oropouche orthobunyavirus	Iquitos virus (IQTV)
		Madre de Dios virus (MDDV)
		Oropouche virus (OROV)
		Perdões virus (PDEV)
		Pintupo virus (PINTV)
	Oyo orthobunyavirus	Oyo virus (OYOV)
	Patois orthobunyavirus	Babahoya virus (BABV)
		Pahayokee virus (PAHV)
		Patois virus (PATV)
	Peaton orthobunyavirus	peaton virus (PEAV)
	Potosi orthobunyavirus	Potosi virus (POTV)
	Sabo orthobunyavirus	Sabo virus (SABOV)
	San Angelo orthobunyavirus	San Angelo virus (SAV)
	Sango orthobunyavirus	Sango virus (SANV)
	Schmallenberg orthobunyavirus	Douglas virus (DOUV)
		Sathuperi virus (SATV)
		Schmallenberg virus (SBV)
		Shamonda virus (SHAV)
	Sedlec orthobunyavirus	Sedlec virus (SEDV)
	Serra do Navio orthobunyavirus	Serra do Navio virus (SDNV)
	Shark River orthobunyavirus	Shark River virus (SRV)
	Shuni orthobunyavirus	Kaikalur virus (KAIV)
		Shuni virus (SHUV)
	Simbu orthobunyavirus	Para virus (PARAV)
		Simbu virus (SIMV)
	Snowshoe hare orthobunyavirus	Khatanga virus (KHATV)
		snowshoe hare virus (SSHV)
	Sororoca orthobunyavirus	Sororoca virus (SORV)
	Tacaiuma orthobunyavirus	CoAr 1071 virus (CA1071V)
		CoAr 3627 virus (CA3626V)
		Tacaiuma virus (TCMV)
		Virgin River virus (VRV)
	Tahyna orthobunyavirus	Ťahyňa virus (TAHV)
	Tataguine orthobunyavirus	Tataguine virus (TATV)
	Tensaw orthobunyavirus	Tensaw virus (TENV)
	Tete orthobunyavirus	Bahig virus (BAHV)
		Tete virus (TETEV)
		Tsuruse virus (TSUV)
		Weldona virus (WELV)
	Thimiri orthobunyavirus	Thimiri virus (THIV)
	Timboteua orthobunyavirus	Timboteua virus (TBTV)
	Triniti orthobunyavirus	Triniti virus (TNTV)
	Trivittatus orthobunyavirus	Achiote virus (ACHOV)
		Trivittatus virus (TVTV)
	Turlock orthobunyavirus	Lednice virus (LEDV)
		Turlock virus (TURV)
		Umbre virus (UMBV)
	Utinga orthobunyavirus	Utinga virus (UTIV)
	Witwatersrand orthobunyavirus	Witwatersrand virus (WITV)
	Wolkberg orthobunyavirus	Wolkberg virus (WBV)
	Wyeomyia orthobunyavirus	Rio Pracupi virus
		Taiassui virus (TAIAV)
		Tucunduba virus (TUCV)
		Wyeomyia virus (WYOV)
Pacuvirus	Caimito pacuvirus	Caimito virus (CAIV)
	Chilibre pacuvirus	Chilibre virus (CHIV)
	Pacui pacuvirus	Pacui virus (PACV)
	Rio Preto da Eva pacuvirus	Rio Preto da Eva virus (RPEV)
	Tapirape pacuvirus	Tapirapé virus (TAPV)
Shangavirus	Insect shangavirus	Shuāngào insect virus 1 (SgIV-1)
Family Phasmaviridae
Feravirus	Ferak feravirus	Ferak virus (FRKV)
	Hemipteran feravirus	hemipteran phasma-related virus OKIAV247 (HeFV)
	Neuropteran feravirus	neuropteran phasma-related virus OKIAV248 (NeFV)
Hymovirus	Hymenopteran hymovirus 1	hymenopteran phasma-related virus OKIAV252 (HyHV-1)
	Hymenopteran hymovirus 2	hymenopteran phasma-related virus OKIAV250 (HyHV-2)
Jonvirus	Jonchet jonvirus	jonchet virus (JONV)
Orthophasmavirus	Anopheles orthophasmavirus	Anopheles triannulatus orthophasmavirus (AtOPV)
	Coleopteran orthophasmavirus	coleopteran phasma-related virus OKIAV235 (CPRV)
	Culex orthophasmavirus	Culex phasma-like virus (CPLV)
	Ganda orthophasmavirus	Ganda bee virus (GBEEV)
	Hymenopteran orthophasmavirus 1	hymenopteran phasma-related virus OKIAV228 (HyOV-1)
	Hymenopteran orthophasmavirus 2	hymenopteran phasma-related virus OKIAV227 (HyOV-2)
	Kigluaik phantom orthophasmavirus	Kigluaik phantom virus (KIGV)
	Niukluk phantom orthophasmavirus	Niukluk phantom virus (NUKV)
	Odonate orthophasmavirus	Húběi odonate virus 8 (HbOV-8)
	Qingling orthophasmavirus	Húběi odonate virus 9 (HbOV-9)
	Wuchang cockroach orthophasmavirus 1	Wǔchāng cockroach virus 1 (WcCV-1)
	Wuhan mosquito orthophasmavirus 1	Wǔhàn mosquito virus 1 (WhMV-1)
	Wuhan mosquito orthophasmavirus 2	Wǔhàn mosquito virus 2 (WhMV-2)
Sawastrivirus	Sanxia sawastrivirus	Sānxiá water strider virus 2 (SxWSV-2)
Wuhivirus	Insect wuhivirus	Wǔhàn insect virus 2 (WhIV-2)
Family Phenuiviridae
Bandavirus	Bhanja bandavirus	Bhanja virus (BHAV)
	Dabie bandavirus	severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV)
	Guertu bandavirus	Gùěrtú virus (GTV)
	Heartland bandavirus	Heartland virus (HRTV)
	Hunter Island bandavirus	Albatross Island virus (ABIV)
	Kismaayo bandavirus	Kismaayo virus (KISV)
	Lone star bandavirus	lone star virus (LSV)
	Razdan bandavirus	Razdan virus (RAZV)
Beidivirus	Dipteran beidivirus	Húběi diptera virus 3 (HbDV-3)
Coguvirus	Citrus coguvirus	citrus concave gum-associated virus (CCGaV)
	Coguvirus eburi	citrus virus A (CiV-A)
	Grapevine coguvirus	grapevine associated cogu-like virus 1 (GaCLV-1)
Entovirus	Entoleuca entovirus	Entoleuca phenui-like virus 1 (EnPLV-1)
Goukovirus	Cumuto goukovirus	Cumuto virus (CUMV)
	Gouleako goukovirus	Gouléako virus (GOLV)
	Yichang insect goukovirus	Yíchāng insect virus (YcIV)
Horwuvirus	Horsefly horwuvirus	Wǔhàn horsefly virus (WhHV)
	Kimberley horwuvirus	Fitzroy Crossing tenui-like virus 1 (FCTenV1)
Hudivirus	Dipteran hudivirus	Húběi diptera virus 4 (HbDV-4)
Hudovirus	Lepidopteran hudovirus	Húběi lepidoptera virus 1 (HbLV-1)
Ixovirus	Blackleg ixovirus	blacklegged tick virus 1 (BLTV-1)
	Norway ixovirus	Fairhair virus (FHAV)
	Scapularis ixovirus	blacklegged tick virus 3 (BLTV-3)
Laulavirus	Grapevine laulavirus 2	grapevine associated cogu-like virus 2 (GaCLV-2)
	Grapevine laulavirus 3	grapevine associated cogu-like virus 3 (GaCLV-3)
	Grapevine laulavirus 4	grapevine associated cogu-like virus 4 (GaCLV-4)
	Laurel Lake laulavirus	Laurel Lake virus (LLV)
Lentinuvirus	Lentinula lentinuvirus	Lentinula edodes negative-strand RNA virus 2 (LeNSRV-2)
Mobuvirus	Mothra mobuvirus	Mothra virus (MTHV)
	Narangue mobuvirus	Ñarangue virus (NRGV)
Phasivirus	Badu phasivirus	Badu virus (BADUV)
	Dipteran phasivirus	Húběi diptera virus 5 (HbDV-5)
	Fly phasivirus	Wǔhàn fly virus 1 (WhFV-1)
	Guadeloupe phasivirus	Guadeloupe mosquito phasivirus (GMPV)
	Kimberley phasivirus	Parry’s Creek phasivirus 1 (PCPhasV1)
	Phasi Charoen-like phasivirus	Phasi Charoen-like virus (PCLV)
	Wutai mosquito phasivirus	Wǔtái mosquito virus (WtMV)
Phlebovirus	Adana phlebovirus	Adana virus (ADAV)
	Aguacate phlebovirus	Aguacate virus (AGUV)
	Alcube phlebovirus	Alcube virus (ACBV)
	Alenquer phlebovirus	Alenquer virus (ALEV)
	Ambe phlebovirus	Ambé virus (ABEV)
	Anhanga phlebovirus	Anhangá virus (ANHV)
	Arumowot phlebovirus	Arumowot virus (AMTV)
	Buenaventura phlebovirus	Buenaventura virus (BUEV)
	Bogoria phlebovirus	Bogoria virus (BGRV)
	Bujaru phlebovirus	Bujaru virus (BUJV)
	Cacao phlebovirus	Cacao virus (CACV)
	Campana phlebovirus	Campana virus (CMAV)
	Candiru phlebovirus	Ariquemes virus (ARQV)
		Candirú virus (CDUV)
		Jacundá virus (JCNV)
		Morumbi virus (MR(M)BV)
		Mucura virus (MCRV/MRAV)
		Serra Norte virus (SRNV)
	Chagres phlebovirus	Chagres virus (CHGV)
	Cocle phlebovirus	Coclé virus (CCLV)
	Corfou phlebovirus	Corfou virus (CFUV)
	Dashli phlebovirus	Dāshlī virus (DASV)
	Durania phlebovirus	Durania virus (DRNV)
	Echarate phlebovirus	Echarate virus (ECHV)
	Embossos phlebovirus	Embossos virus (EMBV)
	Gabek phlebovirus	Gabek forest virus (GFV)
	Gordil phlebovirus	Gordil virus (GORV)
	Icoaraci phlebovirus	Icoaraci virus (ICOV)
	Itaituba phlebovirus	Itaituba virus (ITAV)
	Itaporanga phlebovirus	Itaporanga virus (ITPV)
	Ixcanal phlebovirus	Ixcanal virus (IXCV)
	Karimabad phlebovirus	Karimabad virus (KARV)
	Kiborgoch phlebovirus	Kiborgoch virus (KBGV)
	La Gloria phlebovirus	La Gloria virus (LAGV)
	Lara phlebovirus	Rio Claro virus (RICV)
	Leticia phlebovirus	Leticia virus (LTCV)
	Maldonado phlebovirus	Maldonado virus (MLOV)
	Mariquita phlebovirus	Mariquita virus (MRQV)
	Massilia phlebovirus	Massilia virus (MASV)
	Medjerda phlebovirus	Medjerda Valley virus (MVV)
	Mona Grita phlebovirus	Mona Grita virus (MOGV)
	Mukawa phlebovirus	Mukawa virus (MKWV)
	Munguba phlebovirus	Munguba virus (MUNV)
	Naples phlebovirus	Arrábida virus (ARRV)
		Balkan virus (BALKV)
		Fermo virus (FERV)
		Granada virus (GRV = GRAV)
		Saddaguia virus (SADV)
		sandfly fever Naples virus (SFNV)
	Nique phlebovirus	Nique virus (NIQV)
	Ntepes phlebovirus	Ntepes virus (NTPV)
	Odrenisrou phlebovirus	Odrénisrou virus (ODRV)
	Oriximina phlebovirus	Oriximiná virus (ORXV)
	Pena Blanca phlebovirus	Peña Blanca virus (PEBV)
	Penshurt phlebovirus	Penshurt virus (PEHV)
	Perkerra phlebovirus	Perkerra virus (PKEV)
	Punique phlebovirus	Punique virus (PUNV)
	Punta Toro phlebovirus	Capira virus (CAPIV)
		Punta Toro virus (PTV)
	Rift Valley fever phlebovirus	Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV)
	Rio Grande phlebovirus	Rio Grande virus (RGV)
	Saint Floris phlebovirus	Saint-Floris virus (SAFV)
	Salanga phlebovirus	Salanga virus (SLGV)
	Salehabad phlebovirus	Adria virus (ADRV)
		Arbia virus (ARBV)
		Bregalaka virus (BREV)
		Olbia virus (OLBV)
		Salehabad virus (SALV)
		Zaba virus (ZABAV)
	Salobo phlebovirus	Salobo virus (SLBOV)
	Sicilian phlebovirus	sandfly fever Sicilian virus (SFSV)
	Tapara phlebovirus	Tapará virus (TPRV)
	Tehran phlebovirus	Tehran virus (THEV)
	Tico phlebovirus	Tico virus (TICV)
	Toros phlebovirus	Toros virus (TORV)
	Toscana phlebovirus	Toscana virus (TOSV)
	Tres Almendras phlebovirus	Tres Almendras virus (TRAV)
	Turuna phlebovirus	Turuna virus (TUAV)
	Uriurana phlebovirus	Uriurana virus (URIV)
	Urucuri phlebovirus	Urucuri virus (URUV)
	Viola phlebovirus	viola virus (VIOV)
	Zerdali phlebovirus	Zerdali virus (ZERV)
Pidchovirus	Coleopteran pidchovirus	coleopteran phenui-related virus 308 (CoPrV-308)
	Pidgey pidchovirus	Pidgey virus (PGYV)
Rubodvirus	Apple rubodvirus 1	apple rubbery wood virus 1 (ARWV-1)
	Apple rubodvirus 2	apple rubbery wood virus 2 (ARWV-2)
	Grapevine rubodvirus 1	grapevine Garan dmak virus (GGDV)
	Grapevine rubodvirus 2	grapevine Muscat rose virus (GMRV)
Tanzavirus	Human tanzavirus	Dar es Salaam virus (DeSV)
Tenuivirus	Echinochloa hoja blanca tenuivirus	Echinochloa hoja blanca virus (EHBV)
	European wheat striate mosaic tenuivirus	European wheat striate mosaic virus (EWSMV)
	Iranian wheat stripe tenuivirus	Iranian wheat stripe virus (IWSV)
	Maize stripe tenuivirus	maize stripe virus (MStV = MSpV)
	Melon tenuivirus	melon chlorotic spot virus (MeCSV)
	Rice grassy stunt tenuivirus	rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV)
	Rice hoja blanca tenuivirus	rice hoja blanca virus (RHBV)
	Rice stripe tenuivirus	rice stripe virus (RSV = RStV)
	Urochloa hoja blanca tenuivirus	Urochloa hoja blanca virus (UHBV)
Uukuvirus	American dog uukuvirus	American dog tick virus (ADAV)
	Dabieshan uukuvirus	Dàbiéshān tick virus (DBSH)
	Grand Arbaud uukuvirus	Grand Arbaud virus (GAV)
	Huangpi uukuvirus	Huángpí tick virus 2 (HpTV-2)
	Kabuto mountain uukuvirus	Kabuto mountain virus (KAMV)
	Kaisodi uukuvirus	Kaisodi virus (KASDV)
	Lihan uukuvirus	Lǐhán tick virus (LITV)
	Manawa uukuvirus	Manawa virus (MWAV)
	Murre uukuvirus	murre virus (MURV)
	Pacific coast uukuvirus	Pacific coast tick virus (PACV)
	Precarious Point uukuvirus	Precarious Point virus (PPV)
	Rukutama uukuvirus	Rukutama virus (RUKV)
	Schmid uukuvirus	Nile Warbler virus (NIWV)
	Silverwater uukuvirus	Silverwater virus (SILV)
	Tacheng uukuvirus	Tǎchéng tick virus 2 (TCGV)
	Uukuniemi uukuvirus	Chizé virus (CHZV)
		Fin V 707 virus (FINV)
		Oceanside virus (OCV = OCEV)
		Pontevès virus (PTVV)
		St. Abbs Head virus (SAHV)
		Uukuniemi virus (UUKV)
	Yongjia uukuvirus	Yǒngjiā tick virus (YONV)
	Zaliv Terpeniya uukuvirus	Zaliv Terpeniya virus (ZTV)
Wenrivirus	Shrimp wenrivirus	Mourilyan virus (MoV)
Family Tospoviridae
Orthotospovirus	Alstroemeria necrotic streak orthotospovirus	Alstroemeria necrotic streak virus (ANSV)
	Alstroemeria yellow spot orthotospovirus	Alstroemeria yellow spot virus (AYSV)
	Bean necrotic mosaic orthotospovirus	bean necrotic mosaic virus (BeNMV)
	Calla lily chlorotic spot orthotospovirus	calla lily chlorotic spot virus (CCSV)
	Capsicum chlorosis orthotospovirus	Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV)
	Chrysanthemum stem necrosis orthotospovirus	Chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus (CSNV)
	Groundnut bud necrosis orthotospovirus	groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV)
	Groundnut chlorotic fan spot orthotospovirus	groundnut chlorotic fan-spot virus (GCFSV)
	Groundnut ringspot orthotospovirus	groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV)
	Groundnut yellow spot orthotospovirus	groundnut yellow spot virus (GYSV)
	Hippeastrum chlorotic ringspot orthotospovirus	Hippeastrum chlorotic spot virus (HCRV)
	Impatiens necrotic spot orthotospovirus	impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV)
	Iris yellow spot orthotospovirus	iris yellow spot virus (IYSV)
	Melon severe mosaic orthotospovirus	melon severe mosaic virus (MSMV)
	Melon yellow spot orthotospovirus	melon yellow spot virus (MYSV)
	Mulberry vein banding associated orthotospovirus	mulberry vein banding-associated virus (MVBaV)
	Pepper chlorotic spot orthotospovirus	pepper chlorotic spot virus (PCSV)
	Polygonum ringspot orthotospovirus	Polygonum ringspot virus (PolRSV)
	Soybean vein necrosis orthotospovirus	soybean vein necrosis virus (SVNV)
	Tomato chlorotic spot orthotospovirus	tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV)
	Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus	tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)
	Tomato yellow ring orthotospovirus	tomato yellow ring virus (TYRV)
	Tomato zonate spot orthotospovirus	tomato zonate spot virus (TZSV)
	Watermelon bud necrosis orthotospovirus	watermelon bud necrosis virus (WBNV)
	Watermelon silver mottle orthotospovirus	watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV)
	Zucchini lethal chlorosis orthotospovirus	zucchini lethal chlorosis virus (ZLCV)
Family Wupedeviridae
Wumivirus	Millipede wumivirus	Wǔhàn millipede virus 2 (WhMV-2)

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Note that viruses are real objects that are assigned to concepts that are called taxa. Species, genera, subfamilies, families, and orders are taxa.

^¶

Taxon names are always italicized and always begin with a capital letter.

Supplementary Material

1744207_Sup_Fig

NIHMS1744207-supplement-1744207_Sup_Fig.pdf^{(228.4KB, pdf)}

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We thank Anya Crane (IRF-Frederick) for editing the manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported in part through Laulima Government Solutions, LLC prime contract with the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. J.H.K. performed this work as an employee of Tunnell Government Services (TGS), a subcontractor of Laulima Government Solutions, LLC under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. This work was also supported in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), under Contract No. 75N91019D00024, Task Order No. 75N91019F00130 to I.C., who was supported by the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research. This work was also funded in part by Contract No. HSHQDC-15-C-00064 awarded by DHS S&T for the management and operation of The National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, a federally funded research and development center operated by the Battelle National Biodefense Institute (V.W.); and NIH contract HHSN272201000040I/HHSN27200004/D04 and grant R24AI120942 (N.V., R.B.T.). S.S. acknowledges partial support from the Special Research Initiative of Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), Mississippi State University, and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture, Hatch Project 1021494. Part of this work was supported by the Francis Crick Institute which receives its core funding from Cancer Research UK (FC001030), the UK Medical Research Council (FC001030), and the Wellcome Trust (FC001030).

Footnotes

COMPLIANCE WITH ETHICAL STANDARDS

The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the US Department of the Army, the US Department of Defense, the US Department of Health and Human Services, the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate (S&T), or of the institutions and companies affiliated with the authors. In no event shall any of these entities have any responsibility or liability for any use, misuse, inability to use, or reliance upon the information contained herein. The US departments do not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. The US Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US Government retains a non-exclusive, paid up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US Government purposes.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Contributor Information

Jens H. Kuhn, Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Scott Adkins, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA.

Bernard R. Agwanda, Zoology Department, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology, Kenya.

Rim Alg Kubrusli, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Germany.

Sergey V. Alkhovsky, D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology of N.F. Gamaleya National Center on Epidemiology and Microbiology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Russia.

Gaya K. Amarasinghe, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

Tatjana Avšič-Županc, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana Faculty of Medicine, Slovenia.

María A. Ayllón, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid—Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Justin Bahl, Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Insitute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens GA, USA.

Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.

Matthew J. Ballinger, Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA.

Christopher F. Basler, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Sina Bavari, Edge BioInnovation Consulting and Mgt, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

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Nicolas Bejerman, UFyMA, INTA-CONICET, Cordoba, Argentina.

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Dennis A. Bente, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

Éric Bergeron, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Brian H. Bird, School of Veterinary Medicine, One Health Institute, University of California, Davis California USA.

Carol D. Blair, Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA.

Kim R. Blasdell, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.

Dag-Ragnar Blystad, NIBIO - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research.

Jamie Bojko, School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, United Kingdom; National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, DL1 1HG, United Kingdom.

Wayne B. Borth, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA

Steven Bradfute, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.

Rachel Breyta, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; US Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Thomas Briese, Center for Infection and Immunity, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.

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Michael J. Buchmeier, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.

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Carmen Büttner, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Germany.

Charles H. Calisher, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.

Mengji Cao, National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China.

Inmaculada Casas, Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit, National Microbiology Center, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.

Kartik Chandran, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.

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Qi Cheng, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Yuya Chiaki, Grape and Persimmon Research Station, Institute of Fruit tree and Tea Science, NARO, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.

Marco Chiapello, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy.

Il-Ryong Choi, Plant Breeding Genetics and Biotechnology Division and International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines.

Marina Ciuffo, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy.

J. Christopher S. Clegg, Les Mandinaux, Le Grand Madieu, France.

Ian Crozier, Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland USA.

Elena Dal Bó, CIDEFI. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.

Xavier De Lamballerie, Unité des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ – IRD 190 – Inserm 1207 – IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France.

Juan Carlos de la Torre, Department of Immunology and Microbiology IMM-6, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.

Rik L. de Swart, Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Humberto Debat, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IPAVE-CIAP-INTA), Córdoba, Argentina; Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UFYMA-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.

Nolwenn M. Dheilly, UMR 1161 Virology ANSES/INRAE/ENVA, ANSES Animal Health Laboratory, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France.

Emiliano Di Cicco, Pacific Salmon Foundation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Nicholas Di Paola, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Francesco Di Serio, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy.

Ralf G. Dietzgen, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.

Michele Digiaro, CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano, Italy.

Olga Dolnik, Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.

Michael A. Drebot, Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

J. Felix Drexler, Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Ralf Dürrwald, Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany.

William G. Dundon, Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.

W. Paul Duprex, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

John M. Dye, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Andrew J. Easton, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.

Hideki Ebihara, Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

Toufic Elbeaino, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano, Italy.

Koray Ergünay, Virology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

Hugh W. Ferguson, School of Veterinary Medicine, St George’s University, True Blue, Grenada, West Indies

Anthony R. Fooks, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey, UK.

Marco Forgia, Institute for sustainable plant protection - CNR, Torino, Italy.

Pierre B. H. Formenty, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.

Jana Fránová, Plant Virology Department, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Czech Republic.

Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Embrapa Cassava and Fruits, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil.

Jingjing Fu, College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.

Stephanie Fürl, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute for Crop and Animal Sciences, Division Phytomedicine, Berlin, Germany.

Selma Gago-Zachert, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.

George Fú Gāo, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.

María Laura García, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CONICET UNLP, La Plata, Argentina.

Adolfo García-Sastre, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

Aura R. Garrison, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Thomas Gaskin, Landesamt für ländliche Entwicklung, Landwirtschaft und Flurneuordnung, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany.; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Germany.

Tony L. Goldberg, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Wisconsin, USA.

Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Division of Biomedical Graduate Research Organization, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; Centaurus Biotechnologies, CTP, Manassas, VA, USA.

Anthony Griffiths, Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Martin H. Groschup, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.

Stephan Günther, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arboviruses and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Department of Virology, Hamburg, Germany.

Roy A. Hall, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.

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Tong Han, College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.

Jussi Hepojoki, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Department of Virology, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Roger Hewson, London School of Hygeine and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.

Jiang Hong, Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Ni Hong, Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, China.

Seiji Hongo, Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.

Masayuki Horie, Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan.

John S. Hu, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.

Tao Hu, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Holly R. Hughes, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.

Florian Hüttner, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Germany.

Timothy H. Hyndman, School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.

M. Ilyas, Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.

Risto Jalkanen, Silva Lapponica, Rovaniemi, Finland.

Dàohóng Jiāng, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.

Gilda B. Jonson, Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.

Sandra Junglen, Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Berlin, Germany.

Fujio Kadono, Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan.

Karia H. Kaukinen, Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada

Michael Kawate, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.

Boris Klempa, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.

Jonas Klingström, Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

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Igor Koloniuk, Plant Virology Department, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Czech Republic.

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Stanley L. Langevin, Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Washington, USA.

Benhur Lee, Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.

Elliot J. Lefkowitz, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.

Eric M. Leroy, MIVEGEC (IRD-CNRS-Montpellier university) unit, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Montpellier, France.

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Longhui Li, Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, China.

Shaorong Li, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, British Columbia, V9T 6N7, Canada.

Huazhen Liu, Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, China.

Igor S. Lukashevich, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, and the Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.

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William Marciel de Souza, Virology Research Center, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.

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Sergio H. Marshall, C Biology Department Faculty of Sciences Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaiso -Curauma Campus-Valparaiso-Chile; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Campus Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile.

Shin-Yi L. Marzano, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service.

John W. McCauley, Worldwide Influenza Centre, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.

Michael Melzer, Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.

Nicole Mielke-Ehret, Biocentre Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

Kristina M. Miller, Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada

Tobi J. Ming, Molecular Genetics, Pacific Biological Station, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada.

Ali Mirazimi, Folkhalsomyndigheten, Stockholm, Sweden.

Gideon J. Mordecai, Department of Medicine, Univeristy of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada..

Hans-Peter Mühlbach, Biocentre Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

Elke Mühlberger, Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Rayapati Naidu, Washington State University, Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Prosser, Washington, USA.

Tomohide Natsuaki, School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan.

José A. Navarro, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain.

Sergey V. Netesov, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia.

Gabriele Neumann, Influenza Research Institute, Dept. of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Norbert Nowotny, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

Márcio R. T. Nunes, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Pará, Brazil.

Alejandro Olmedo-Velarde, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.

Gustavo Palacios, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

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Sofia Paraskevopoulou, Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.

Adam C. Park, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; Hawaii Department of Agriculture, Honolulu, HI, USA

Colin R. Parrish, Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.

David A. Patterson, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada

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Janusz T. Pawęska, Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham-Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.

Susan Payne, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.

Carlotta Peracchio, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy.

Daniel R. Pérez, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.

Thomas S. Postler, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, U.S.A..

Liying Qi, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.

Sheli R. Radoshitzky, The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, Washington, USA.

Renato O. Resende, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.

Carina A. Reyes, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Bertus K. Rima, Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.

Gabriel Robles Luna, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Víctor Romanowski, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Centro Cientifico Technológico-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científico Tecnológico—Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.

Paul Rota, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Dennis Rubbenstroth, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald – Insel Riems, Germany.

Luisa Rubino, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Bari, Italy.

Jonathan A. Runstadler, Department of Infectious Disease & Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA.

Sead Sabanadzovic, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA.

Amadou Alpha Sall, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.

Maria S. Salvato, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Rosemary Sang, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya.

Takahide Sasaya, Institute for Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan.

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Martin Schwemmle, University Medical Center-University Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.

Mang Shi, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.

Xiǎohóng Shí, MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.

Zhènglì Shí, CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China..

Yoshifumi Shimomoto, Kochi Agricultural Research Center, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan.

Yukio Shirako, Asian Center for Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Stuart G. Siddell, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.

Peter Simmonds, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Manuela Sironi, Bioinformatics Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS “E. Medea,” Bosisio Parini, Italy.

Guy Smagghe, Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent, Belgium.

Sophie Smither, CBR Division, Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK.

Jin-Won Song, Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Kirsten Spann, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Jessica R. Spengler, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens & Pathology, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention.

Mark D. Stenglein, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.

David M. Stone, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK.

Jari Sugano, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.

Curtis A. Suttle, Departments of Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, Microbiology & Immunology, and Botany, and the Institute for Oceans & Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

Amy Tabata, Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada.

Ayato Takada, Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.

Shigeharu Takeuchi, Japan Plant Protection Association Kochi Experiment Station, Konan, Kochi, Japan.

David P. Tchouassi, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya.

Amy Teffer, Department of Forest Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

Robert B. Tesh, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

Natalie J. Thornburg, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Yasuhiro Tomitaka, Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Koshi, Kumamoto, Japan.

Keizō Tomonaga, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (inFront), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

Noël Tordo, Institut Pasteur, Unité des Stratégies Antivirales, WHO Collaborative Centre for Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers and Arboviruses, OIE Reference Laboratory for RVFV & CCHFV, Paris, France & Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Conakry, Guinea.

Baldwyn Torto, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya.

Jonathan S. Towner, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Shinya Tsuda, Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan.

Changchun Tu, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.

Massimo Turina, National Institute of Optics, National Research Council of Italy (INO-CNR), Via Branze 45, 25123 Brescia, Italy.

Ioannis E. Tzanetakis, Dept. of Entomology & Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR 72701.

Janice Uchida, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.

Tomio Usugi, Central Region Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.

Anna Maria Vaira, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), 73 Strada delle Cacce, 10135 Torino, Italy.

Marta Vallino, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), 73 Strada delle Cacce, 10135 Torino, Italy.

Bernadette van den Hoogen, Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Arvind Varsani, The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA; Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.

Nikos Vasilakis, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

Martin Verbeek, Wageningen University and Research, Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Susanne von Bargen, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Germany.

Victoria Wahl, National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA.

Jiro Wada, Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Peter J. Walker, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.

Guoping Wang, Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, China.

Lin-Fa Wang, Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.

Yanxiang Wang, Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, China.

Yaqin Wang, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Muhammad Waqas, Key Laboratory of Crop Disease Monitoring&Safety Control in Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei.

Tàiyún Wèi, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.

Shaohua Wen, Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, China.

Anna E. Whitfield, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.

John V. Williams, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

Yuri I. Wolf, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Jiangxiang Wu, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Lei Xu, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.

Hironobu Yanagisawa, Narita Branch, Yokohama Plant Protection Station, Narita, Chiba, Japan.

Caixia Yang, College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.

Zuokun Yang, Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, China.

F. Murilo Zerbini, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Lifeng Zhai, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.

Song Zhang, National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China.

Jinguo Zhang, National Sand Pear Germplasm Repository in Wuchang, Research Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, Hubei, China.

Yong-Zhen Zhang, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China; Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Zhe Zhang, Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, China.

Xueping Zhou, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.

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PERMALINK

2021 TAXONOMIC UPDATE OF PHYLUM Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), INCLUDING THE LARGE ORDERS Bunyavirales AND Mononegavirales

Jens H Kuhn

Scott Adkins

Bernard R Agwanda

Rim Alg Kubrusli

Sergey V Alkhovsky

Gaya K Amarasinghe

Tatjana Avšič-Županc

María A Ayllón

Justin Bahl

Anne Balkema-Buschmann

Matthew J Ballinger

Christopher F Basler

Sina Bavari

Martin Beer

Nicolas Bejerman

Andrew J Bennett

Dennis A Bente

Éric Bergeron

Brian H Bird

Carol D Blair

Kim R Blasdell

Dag-Ragnar Blystad

Jamie Bojko

Wayne B Borth

Steven Bradfute

Rachel Breyta

Thomas Briese

Paul A Brown

Judith K Brown

Ursula J Buchholz

Michael J Buchmeier

Alexander Bukreyev

Felicity Burt

Carmen Büttner

Charles H Calisher

Mengji Cao

Inmaculada Casas

Kartik Chandran

Rémi N Charrel

Qi Cheng

Yuya Chiaki

Marco Chiapello

Il-Ryong Choi

Marina Ciuffo

J Christopher S Clegg

Ian Crozier

Elena Dal Bó

Xavier De Lamballerie

Juan Carlos de la Torre

Rik L de Swart

Humberto Debat

Nolwenn M Dheilly

Emiliano Di Cicco

Nicholas Di Paola

Francesco Di Serio

Ralf G Dietzgen

Michele Digiaro

Olga Dolnik

Michael A Drebot

J Felix Drexler

Ralf Dürrwald

William G Dundon

W Paul Duprex

John M Dye

Andrew J Easton

Hideki Ebihara

Toufic Elbeaino

Koray Ergünay

Hugh W Ferguson

Anthony R Fooks

Marco Forgia

Pierre B H Formenty

Jana Fránová

Juliana Freitas-Astúa

Jingjing Fu

Stephanie Fürl

Selma Gago-Zachert

George Fú Gāo