Table 4.
Distribution of morphologic findings and comorbidities by smoking intensity at age 25 in persons with chronic pancreatitis
| Variable | All (N = 317) | Did not Smoke [A] (N = 105) | Smoked <1 PPD [B] (N = 85) | Smoked ≥1 PPD [C] (N = 127) | Trend P-value | A&B vs C P-Value | A vs B&C P-Value | B vs C P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Morphologic severity of CP - n (%) | ||||||||
| Calcifications | 165 (52.1) | 56 (53.3) | 52 (61.2) | 57 (44.9) | 0.1682a | 0.0367 | 0.7476 | 0.02 |
| Pseudo cysts | 107 (33.8) | 27 (25.7) | 30 (35.3) | 50 (39.4) | 0.0301a | 0.0838 | 0.0331 | 0.5485 |
| Atrophy | 180 (56.8) | 54 (51.4) | 42 (49.4) | 84 (66.1) | 0.0199a | 0.006 | 0.1757 | 0.015 |
| PD irregularity | 183 (57.7) | 64 (61.0) | 47 (55.3) | 72 (56.7) | 0.5308a | 0.7602 | 0.4135 | 0.8406 |
| PD dilation | 210 (66.2) | 72 (68.6) | 59 (69.4) | 79 (62.2) | 0.2730a | 0.245 | 0.4404 | 0.3848 |
| Diabetes | 115 (36.3) | 41 (39.0) | 29 (34.1) | 45 (35.4) | 0.5855a | 0.7982 | 0.4704 | 0.8439 |
| Exocrine Insufficiency | 134 (42.3) | 46 (43.8) | 37 (43.5) | 51 (40.2) | 0.5664a | 0.5334 | 0.6964 | 0.6253 |
| Pain Severity — n (%) | ||||||||
| No pain | 46 (14.5) | 20 (19.0) | 11 (12.9) | 15 (11.8) | 0.015c | 0.0978 | 0.0316 | 0.6819 |
| Mild/Moderate | 53 (16.7) | 23 (21.9) | 14 (16.5) | 16 (12.6) | . | . | . | |
| Severe | 218 (68.8) | 62 (59.0) | 60 (70.6) | 96 (75.6) | . | . | . | |
| Pain Temporal — n (%) | ||||||||
| No pain | 46 (14.5) | 20 (19.0) | 11 (12.9) | 15 (11.8) | 0.0604c | 0.3588 | 0.1581 | 0.9089 |
| Intermittent | 93 (29.3) | 33 (31.4) | 25 (29.4) | 35 (27.6) | . | . | . | |
| Constant | 178 (56.2) | 52 (49.5) | 49 (57.6) | 77 (60.6) | . | . | . | |
| Smoking-related comorbidity at enrollment — n (%) | ||||||||
| COPD | 23 (7.3) | 4 (3.8) | 6 (7.1) | 13 (10.2) | 0.0601a | 0.0944 | 0.096 | 0.4273 |
| Hypertension | 150 (47.3) | 43 (41.0) | 47 (55.3) | 60 (47.2) | 0.3846a | 0.9827 | 0.1101 | 0.2506 |
| Heart Disease | 30 (9.5) | 7 (6.7) | 11 (12.9) | 12 (9.4) | 0.5114a | 0.9941 | 0.2312 | 0.4229 |
| Stroke | 16 (5.0) | 3 (2.9) | 7 (8.2) | 6 (4.7) | 0.5697a | 0.83 | 0.21 | 0.2964 |
| Any Liver Disease | 21 (6.6) | 5 (4.8) | 6 (7.1) | 10 (7.9) | 0.3481a | 0.4646 | 0.348 | 0.8257 |
| Cirrhosis | 18 (5.7) | 5 (4.8) | 6 (7.1) | 7 (5.5) | 0.8308a | 0.9166 | 0.6198 | 0.6454 |
| Heart Disease or Stroke | 42 (13.2) | 10 (9.5) | 17 (20.0) | 15 (11.8) | 0.6854a | 0.5369 | 0.1685 | 0.1026 |
| Any Liver Disease or Cirrhosis | 29 (9.1) | 7 (6.7) | 7 (8.2) | 15 (11.8) | 0.1713a | 0.1788 | 0.2808 | 0.4028 |
| History of Cancers — n (%) | ||||||||
| Colon | 4 (1.3) | 1 (1.0) | 1 (1.2) | 2 (1.6) | 0.6699a | 0.6832 | 0.7283 | 0.8098 |
| Liver | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) | 0.2743a | 0.2205 | 0.4809 | 0.4122 |
| Breast | 6 (1.9) | 2 (1.9) | 3 (3.5) | 1 (0.8) | 0.4936a | 0.2377 | 0.9912 | 0.1504 |
| Ovarian | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) | 0.2006a | 0.1462 | 0.4049 | 0.3582 |
| Endometrial | 3 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.4) | 0.0255a | 0.0112 | 0.146 | 0.1068 |
| Other (free text) | 18 (5.7) | 6 (5.7) | 5 (5.9) | 7 (5.5) | 0.9435a | 0.9166 | 0.9844 | 0.9089 |
| Any Cancer | 32 (10.1%) | 9 (8.6%) | 9 (10.6%) | 14 (11.0%) | 0.5434a | 0.6535 | 0.5264 | 0.9204 |
PPD = packs per day,
a
= Cochran-Armitage,
c
= Linear Regression