Table 1.
Participant characteristics, demographic information and symptom measures at baseline.
| TAU (n = 35) mean (SD), N completed, or n/N completed (%) | GSH (n = 35) mean (SD), N completed, or n/N completed (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Gender: male | 27/35 (77%) | 24/34 (69%) |
| Age in years: mean, SD, n | 40.2 (12.6), 28 | 35.3 (13.6), 29 |
| Ethnicity: White | 33/35 (94%) | 33/34 (94%) |
| Accommodation type: owner occupied | 11/31 (35%) | 14/34 (41%) |
| Residential status: primary tenant/leaseholder | 17/30 (55%) | 11/33 (32%) |
| Education: GCSE and above | 28/31 (90%) | 33/34 (97%) |
| Employment status: paid or voluntary employment or training (full- or part-time) | 17/32 (53%) | 15/33 (45%) |
| Financial support/stress: moderate/significant financial stress | 17/31 (55%) | 11/33 (33%) |
| Relationship status: single | 23/31 (74%) | 19/34 (56%) |
| Currently taking other medication for mental health | 5/28 (18%) | 7/32 (22%) |
| Experience of psychological/talking therapy: at least one experience | 21/29 (75%) | 20/29 (70%) |
| Depression measures | ||
| PHQ-9 score | 16.5 (4.8), 35 | 15.0 (3.2), 35 |
| BDI-II score | 32.0 (11.5), 31 | 29.9 (8.8), 33 |
| HAM-D score | 17.6 (6.9), 29 | 17.4 (5.6), 34 |
| CIS-R score | 29.4 (11.0), 35 | 30.5 (8.6), 34 |
| Depression duration | ||
| Less than 2 weeks | 1/24 (4%) | 0/28 |
| Between 2 weeks and 6 months | 5/24 (21%) | 3/28 (11%) |
| Between 6 months and 1 year | 3/24 (13%) | 1/28 (4%) |
| Between 1 and 2 years | 0 | 4/28 (14%) |
| Two years or more | 15/24 (63%) | 20/28 (71%) |
| CIS-R categories (ICD-10) | ||
| Primary diagnosis | ||
| No diagnosis identified | 2/35 (6%) | 1/34 (3%) |
| Generalised anxiety disorder – mild | 0/35 (0%) | 1/34 (3%) |
| Mixed anxiety and depressive disorder | 1/35 (3%) | 1/34 (3%) |
| Specific (isolated) phobia | 2/35 (6%) | 0/34 (0%) |
| Agoraphobia | 1/35 (3%) | 0/34 (0%) |
| Generalised anxiety disorder | 4/35 (11%) | 4/34 (12%) |
| Panic disorder | 2/35 (6%) | 1/34 (3%) |
| Mild depressive episode | 5/35 (14%) | 6/34 (18%) |
| Moderate depressive episode | 13/35 (37%) | 16/34 (47%) |
| Severe depressive episode | 5/35 (14%) | 4/34 (12%) |
| Secondary diagnosis | ||
| No diagnosis identified | 3/35 (9%) | 1/34 (3%) |
| Mixed anxiety and depressive disorder (mild) | 2/35 (6%) | 2/34 (6%) |
| Mixed anxiety and depressive disorder | 12/35 (34%) | 7/34 (21%) |
| Specific (isolated) phobia | 1/35 (3%) | 2/34 (6%) |
| Social phobia | 2/35 (6%) | 5/34 (15%) |
| Agoraphobia | 1/35 (3%) | 1/34 (3%) |
| Generalised anxiety disorder | 12/35 (34%) | 12/34 (35%) |
| Panic disorder | 2/35 (6%) | 4/34 (12%) |
| Other outcome measures | ||
| GAD-7 score | 12.9 (4.4), 32 | 12.4 (4.5), 34 |
| OCI-R score | 31.2 (15.4), 29 | 29.0 (13.7), 34 |
| WSAS score | 25.8 (8.9), 32 | 24.8 (7.8), 33 |
| SF-12 normalised physical function score | 43.4 (11.3), 30 | 41.8 (9.0), 32 |
| SF-12 normalised mental health score | 29.6 (10.0), 30 | 30.5 (7.0), 32 |
| EQ-5D-5L score | 0.605 (0.210), 31 | 0.621 (0.214), 33 |
TAU: treatment as usual; SD: standard deviation; GSH: guided self-help; PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9; BDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory-II; CIS-R: Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised; GAD-7: General Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire; OCI-R: Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised; WSAS: Work and Social Adjustment Scale; HAM-D: Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; GCSE: General Certificate of Secondary Education; SF-12: 12-Item Short Form Health Survey; ICD: International Classification of Diseases.