Table 2.
Patient and Hospitalization Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients Who Died During Primary Hospitalization Who Did and Not Receive Comfort Care (Non-Propensity Score Matched and Propensity Score Matched). Chronic Pulmonary Disease does not include Asthma. * Indicates a variable used for propensity matching; SD: standard deviation, y: years, CHF: Congestive Heart Failure, CPD: Chronic Pulmonary Disease, ESRD: Dialysis-Dependent Kidney Failure.
| Non-Propensity Matched (n = 3227) |
Propensity Matched (n = 1790) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comfort Care (n = 1063) | No Comfort Care (n = 2164) | p-value | Comfort Care (n = 895) | No Comfort Care (n = 895) | p-value | ||
| Demographics | Demographics | ||||||
| Age, mean ± SD, y* | 70.7 ± 12 | 70.1 ± 14 | 0.2133 | *Age, mean ± SD, y* | 70.7 ± 12 | 70.5 ± 12 | 0.6301 |
| Sex | *Sex | ||||||
| Male | 652 (61.4%) | 1305 (61.7%) | 0.8661 | Male | 552 (61.7%) | 575 (64.3%) | 0.2603 |
| Female | 410 (38.6%) | 810 (38.3%) | Female | 343 (38.3%) | 320 (35.8%) | ||
| Race | *Race | ||||||
| Black | 282(26.5%) | 554 (25.6%) | <0.0001 | Black | 217 (24.3%) | 226 (25.3%) | 0.7152 |
| White | 586 (55.1%) | 1339 (61.9%) | White | 530 (59.2%) | 513 (57.3%) | ||
| Other | 195 (18.3%) | 271 (12.5%) | Other | 148 (16.5%) | 156 (17.4%) | ||
| Comorbidities | Comorbidities | ||||||
| Hypertension | 755 (71.0%) | 1251 (57.8%) | <0.0001 | Hypertension | 627 (70.1%) | 528 (59.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes | 505 (47.5%) | 814 (37.6%) | <0.0001 | Diabetes | 418 (46.7%) | 349 (39.0%) | 0.0010 |
| Chronic Pulmonary Disease | 230 (21.6%) | 428 (19.8%) | 0.2181 | *Chronic Pulmonary Disease | 170 (19.0%) | 156 (17.4%) | 0.3912 |
| Congestive Heart Failure | 173 (16.3%) | 346 (16.0%) | 0.8355 | *Congestive Heart Failure | 121 (13.5%) | 102 (11.4%) | 0.1739 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 248 (23.3%) | 459 (21.2%) | 0.1713 | Chronic Kidney Disease | 198 (22.1%) | 159 (17.8%) | 0.0211 |
| Dialysis-Dependent Kidney Failure | 43 (4.1%) | 98 (4.5%) | 0.5277 | *Dialysis-Dependent Kidney Failure | 20 (2.2%) | 19 (2.1%) | 0.8714 |
| Stroke | 166 (15.6%) | 259 (12.0%) | 0.0040 | Stroke | 132 (14.8%) | 95 (10.6%) | 0.0086 |
| Cancer | 136 (12.8%) | 223 (10.3%) | 0.0346 | *Cancer | 92 (10.3%) | 75 (8.7%) | 0.1671 |
| ≥ 2 of CHF, CPD, Cancer, Dialysis | 143 (13.5%) | 256 (11.8%) | 0.1882 | *≥ 2 of CHF, CPD, Cancer, ESRD | 94 (10.5%) | 78 (8.7%) | 0.1994 |
| Outcomes | Outcomes | ||||||
| Palliative Care Consultation | 461 (43.4%) | 166 (7.7%) | <0.0001 | Palliative Care Consultation | 387 (43.2%) | 76 (8.5%) | <0.0001 |