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. 2021 Dec 14;15(5):4175–4180. doi: 10.1007/s12274-021-4004-9

A polymeric co-assembly of subunit vaccine with polyoxometalates induces enhanced immune responses

Xinpei Li 1,2, Xiaofeng He 1,2, Dongrong He 1,2, Yuan Liu 1,2, Kun Chen 1,2,✉, Panchao Yin 1,2,✉
PMCID: PMC8670867  PMID: 34925708

Abstract

Long-lasting protective immune responses are expected following vaccination. However, most vaccines alone are inability to evoke an efficient protection. The combinatory administration of adjuvants with vaccines is critical for generating the enhanced immune responses. Herein, with biocompatible poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) as template, 2.5 nm iron/molybdenum oxide cluster, {Mo72Fe30}, is applied as an adjuvant to co-assemble with antigens of Mycobacterium bovis via hydrogen bonding at molecular scale. Molecular scale integration of the antigens and {Mo72Fe30} and their full exposure to body fluid media contribute to the augmentation of both humoral and cellular immune responses of the vaccines after inoculation in mice. Anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 gradually increases after 2 weeks followed by a final back to normal level by the 5th week. The balance between proinflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory factors suggests that immune system can be activated in the early stage of infection by the antigens carried by the supra-particles and secrete acute inflammatory factors for host defense and antiinflammatory factors for immune protection.

graphic file with name 12274_2021_4004_Fig1_HTML.jpg

Electronic Supplementary Material

Supplementary material (further structural analysis and biological analsyis) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-021-4004-9.

Keywords: co-assembly, immune response, metal oxide cluster, supramolecular interaction, vaccine adjuvant

Electronic supplementary material

12274_2021_4004_MOESM1_ESM.pdf (1.5MB, pdf)

A polymeric co-assembly of subunit vaccine with polyoxometalates induces enhanced immune responses

Acknowledgements

The work was supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22101086, 21961142018, and 51873067) and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (Nos. 2021A1515012024 and 2021A1515010271).

Contributor Information

Kun Chen, Email: mschenk@scut.edu.cn.

Panchao Yin, Email: yinpc@scut.edu.cn.

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Supplementary Materials

12274_2021_4004_MOESM1_ESM.pdf (1.5MB, pdf)

A polymeric co-assembly of subunit vaccine with polyoxometalates induces enhanced immune responses

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