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Journal of Southern Medical University logoLink to Journal of Southern Medical University
. 2021 Nov 20;41(11):1649–1656. [Article in Chinese] doi: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.11.08

GH/tPA双转基因小鼠的制备及其表达分析

Preparation of GH/tPA double transgenic mice and gene expression analysis

Shaozheng SONG 1,3, Dan LI 1,*, Zhengyi HE 2,3, Ting ZHANG 3, Yong CHENG 3, Mingming ZHOU 1,*
PMCID: PMC8685705  PMID: 34916190

Abstract

Objective

To obtain GH/tPA double transgenic mice, analyze the expression level of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in the mammary glands and observe the growth and development of the transgenic mice.

Methods

We obtained the offspring mice of 2 tPA single transgenic mice (P03 and P05) mated with a female nontransgenic mouse by microinjection of linearized GH plasmid into the fertilized eggs and embryo transfer. PCR was used to detect the gene integration. The expression levels of tPA in single gene and double gene transgenic mice were compared using ELISA and Western blotting. We assessed the effects of GH gene transduction on the growth and development of the transgenic mice by observing body weight changes of the mice at each developmental stage.

Results

A total of 286 fertilized eggs were collected from P03 mice, and after embryo transfer, 77 offspring mice were obtained, including 16 tPA single transgenic mice (7 male, 9 female) and 13 GH/tPA double transgenic mice (8 male, 5 female) as confirmed by PCR. The integration rate of the double genes was 16.9%. A total of 175 fertilized eggs were collected from P05 mice, and 34 offspring mice were obtained including 12 tPA single transgenic mice (5 male, 7 female) and 7 GH/tPA double transgenic mice (3 male, 4 female), in which the integration rate of the double genes was 20.6%. The highest expression level of tPA in the mammary gland was significantly higher in double than in single transgenic mice (674 μg/mL vs 82.5 μg/mL, P < 0.05). In the whole growth cycle of the mice, no significant difference in weight gain was observed in the single or double transgenic mice as compared with the na?ve mice (P>0.05).

Conclusion

We successfully prepared GH/tPA double transgenic mice, in which GH gene transduction significantly increases the expression level of target gene tPA without affecting the growth and development of the transgenic mice. This success suggests a promising approach to preparing transgenic animals for producing pharmaceutical proteins and the breeding of the transgenic animals.

Keywords: double transgenic rabbits, expression, superovulation, microinjection, gene integration


双转基因动物是指利用基因工程技术将两种不同的外源基因导入动物体内而获得的转基因动物,通过双基因共整合获得的转基因个体或细胞能够产生协同促进作用,从而提高目的基因的表达水平[1]。将NEP1-40和NT-3双基因共同转染导入大鼠神经干细胞的研究结果发现,目标蛋白表达量及NEP1-40和NT-3 mRNA相对表达量均明显地高于单基因转染的细胞[2]。利用慢病毒载体介导VEGF和Smad7双基因共转染293T细胞的研究发现,在靶细胞中的VEGF和Smad7蛋白出现过表达现象[3]。通过将二氢叶酸还原酶(DHFR)与谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)单基因及其双基因(DHFR+GS)共转染CHOdhfr-细胞的研究发现,能够明显地影响外源目的基因的表达水平[1]。通过转染睫状神经营养因子和白血病抑制因子双基因的研究发现,能够显著提高白血病抑制因子蛋白表达水平对运动神经元的营养生理作用[4]。但是,这些报道通常是在细胞水平的验证研究,由于动物个体基因调控机制较复杂,大多集中在双基因共表达和基因表达载体构建优化层次的研究[5-7]。例如利用CRISPR/Cas9系统建立的APPswe/PS1dE9双转基因阿尔茨海默病小鼠模型中,能够同时高水平共表达APP和PS1两种基因[5];通过将含有荧光蛋白基因(DsRed1和Venus)的重组慢病毒注射到猪的2-细胞期胚胎中制备了双转基因猪,经检测该双转基因猪能够共表达两种荧光蛋白基因,并可稳定地遗传给下一代[6];通过将NUP98-PHF23(NP23)和NUP98-HOXD13(NHD13)基因表达载体优化,重新构建融合蛋白来制备NP23-NHD13双转基因小鼠,成功地表达了目标基因并在白血病小鼠模型中进行研究应用[7]。然而,关于双转基因动物协同促进单一目标基因表达的研究较少见报道,尤其是GH基因协同促进目标基因tPA在转基因动物体内的表达研究国内外尚未见报道。

溶栓药物现已成为国内外研究的热点[8-11]。生长激素(GH)促进动物细胞增殖和乳腺生长发育及维持泌乳[12, 13],在动物遗育种领域具有重要的功能。目前,国内外关于转基因动物生产人组织纤溶酶原激活剂(tPA)药用蛋白的研究多集中于单基因表达[14-17],而将GH和tPA双基因共整合入转基因小鼠体内以期提高tPA表达量的相关研究尚未见报道。因此,在双转基因小鼠个体中GH基因是否能够协同促进外源目的基因tPA表达水平的提高,这将是研究个体双基因协同促表达的关键,值得进一步深入研究。

本研究主要在前期获得并饲养于扬州大学比较医学中心的tPA单转基因小鼠(PCL25/tPA乳腺特异性表达载体,以β-casein基因作为调控序列,以CMV为启动子)[18]的基础上,通过受精卵显微注射法额外导入GH基因,旨在提高转基因小鼠乳腺中tPA的表达量,从而验证GH/tPA双基因动物个体中GH基因协同促进目的外源基因tPA的表达作用,同时GH基因的导入并不影响转基因小鼠的正常生长发育,为将来制备高表达转基因动物生产医药蛋白和遗传育种奠定基础。

1. 材料和方法

1.1. 材料

1.1.1. 质粒与菌种

PCL25/GH和PCL25/tPA质粒、菌种保存于本实验室,均是哺乳动物乳腺特异性表达载体(以山羊β-casein序列为调控元件、CMV为启动子,图 1),已分别在山羊细胞、兔及小鼠个体上进行表达了验证[14, 18, 19]

1.

1

PCL25/GH和PCL25/tPA乳腺特异性表达载体结构图

Structure of mammary gland-specific expression vectors PCL25/GH and PCL25/tPA.

1.1.2. 主要试剂

FBS(GBICO),HCG(丽珠集团丽珠制药厂),FSH(宁波市三生药业有限公司),鼠抗tPA单克隆抗体、羊抗鼠单克隆抗体IgG-HRP(Santa Cru),戊巴比妥钠、M2、M16、透明质酸酶、蛋白酶K(Sigma),DNA胶回收纯化试剂盒(QIAGEN),DNA相对分子质量标准及各种酶均购自宝生物工程(大连)有限公司,其它未说明试剂均为国产分析纯且购自南京生兴生物有限公司和国药集团化学试剂有限公司。

1.1.3. 实验动物

tPA单转基因小鼠2只(BALB/c小鼠,8~10周龄,♂,标号P03、P05,以山羊β-casein基因序列为调控元件)和正常非转基因BALB/c小鼠30只,均饲养于扬州大学比较医学中心,清洁级,温度26 ℃,光照12 h(7∶00~19∶00),颗粒饲料,自由饮水。该实验由扬州大学动物保护和使用伦理委员会审理批准((SYXK(Su) 2019-0044)。

1.1.4. 引物

借助于Primer Premier 5.0软件完成PCR引物设计,并由上海生工生物工程技术有限公司进完成引物合成(表 1)。

1.

PCR扩增引物序列

Primer sequences of PCR

Primer name Primer sequence (5'-3') Product size (bp)
GH-F CCGCTCGAGCGGATGATGGCTGCAGGCCCCCGGA 670
GH-R CCGCTCGAGCGGCTAGAAGGCACAGCTGGCCTCCCCG
CMV/tPA-F CGTGGATAGCGGTTTGA 561
CMV/tPA-R GAGCCCTCCTTTGATGC

1.2. 方法

1.2.1. 显微注射用基因片段的准备

应用Not Ⅰ和Sal Ⅰ限制性内切酶双酶切PCL25/GH质粒使其线性化,切除原核基因片段,应用QIAGEN DNA胶回收纯化试剂盒获取真核基因片段,应用TE缓冲液(5 mmol/LTris, 0.1 mmol/L EDTA, pH 7.4)溶解稀释定量至5 ng/μL,-20 ℃保存,供显微注射备用。

1.2.2. 小鼠超数排卵与同期发情

选取5~6周龄的正常非转基因的未发情雌性BALB/c小鼠作为供体,腹腔注射8 U/只PMSG,间隔48 h后,再腹腔注射8 U/只HCG,然后与tPA单转基因公鼠合笼;同时选取7~8周龄的正常非转基因的自然发情雌性BALB/c小鼠作为受体,与结扎公鼠(常规手术输卵管结扎的非转基因雄性BALB/c小鼠)合笼制备假孕母鼠。第2天早晨检查阴道栓情况。

1.2.3. 双转基因小鼠的制备

将有阴栓的供体鼠脱臼颈椎处死,无菌打开腹腔,取出输卵管,转移至M2液滴中,撕开输卵管壶腹部以流出卵母细胞团,透明质酸酶消化30 s以去除受精卵外周的颗粒细胞,M16溶液中洗3次,转移至M16培养液中置于37 ℃、5% CO2、饱和湿度的培养箱内培养30 min。在荧光倒置显微镜(IX70,Olympus)下,将PCL25/GH基因片段注射入受精卵的原核内,M16培养0.5 h后移植入经0.75%戊巴比妥纳麻醉后的假孕母鼠输卵管内,每只移植15~35枚卵,细心照料怀孕母鼠,待19~21 d仔鼠出生。

1.2.4. 转基因小鼠的整合筛选

无菌剪取新生仔鼠的尾尖组织约0.5~1 cm长,剪碎后使用苯酚/氯仿抽提法提取基因组DNA,进行PCR检测。分别针对GH和tPA基因设计了两对引物(表 1),其中1对GH-F/R引物可用于GH转基因检测,反应条件:95 ℃预变性4 min;94 ℃变性50 s,56 ℃退火35 s,72 ℃延伸50 s,共32个循环;72 ℃延伸5 min。另一对CMV/tPA-F/R引物可用于tPA转基因检测,反应条件:95 ℃预变性4 min;95 ℃变性45 s,54 ℃退火35 s,72 ℃延伸45 s,共32个循环;72 ℃延伸5 min。PCR扩增产物经1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳成像系统,鉴定其条带大小是否正确。

1.2.5. ELISA表达检测

待检母鼠与正常公鼠进行交配,待仔鼠出生3 d后,开始收集乳汁。使用PBS缓冲液以1∶1比例稀释后,4 ℃,10 000 g离心20 min;去除上层脂肪后,使用1 mol/L HCl调节溶液的pH值至4.0,4 ℃,10 000 g离心20 min;去除上层酪蛋白浑浊沉淀,吸取上清液,使用1 mol/L NaOH调节乳清的pH至7.0。处理后的乳清添加PBS稀释100倍用于ELISA检测,分别使用鼠抗tPA单克隆抗体作为一抗、羊抗鼠单克隆抗体IgG-HRP作为二抗,孵育、清洗、显色、酶标仪测定A450 nm值,然后以不同浓度的阿替普酶(alteplase)作为标准品,绘制相应的标准曲线,计算tPA表达量,并比较GH/tPA双转基因和tPA单转基因小鼠的表达水平。

1.2.6. Western blot检测

使用PBS缓冲液将乳清稀释100倍,按照常规方法进行SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)[17]。使用转移缓冲液(1.93 g/L tris, 9 g/L glycine)将凝胶转移至PVDF膜,300 mA,转印3 h。使用超纯水冲洗2次后,室温封闭(20 mmol/L Tris, 137 mmol/L NaCl, 0.1% Tween-20,10% fetal bovine serum,pH 7.6),过夜。加入1∶2000稀释的鼠抗tPA单克隆抗体(一抗),37 ℃孵育2 h。使用TTBS(20 mmol/L Tris, 137 mmol/L NaCl, 1% Tween-20, pH 7.6)洗涤3次,加入1∶2000稀释的羊抗鼠单克隆抗体IgG-HRP(二抗),37 ℃孵育2 h。取出PVDF膜,PBS冲洗3次,加入显色液(DAB 50 mg,0.05 mol/L TB100 mL,30 μL 30% H2O2,pH7.6),室温暗室孵育15 min,晾干后观察。

1.2.7. 双转基因小鼠的生长发育监测

在相同的饲养管理条件下,分别对不同生长发育阶段的GH/tPA双转基因和正常非转基因小鼠(品系相同,BALB/c)0、7、21、35、49、63、77 d日龄小鼠的体质量进行监测,应用SPSS 22.0统计学软件对其数据进行差异显著性分析,然后以时间(d)为横坐标、小鼠体质量(g)为纵坐标,绘制生长曲线,比较GH/tPA双转基因与正常非转基因小鼠的生长发育状况。

1.2.8. 统计学分析

应用统计学软件SPSS 22.0对相关数据进行处理和统计学分析。实验数据以平均数±标准差表示,进行单因素方差分析和t检验,P < 0.05为差异具有统计学意义。

2. 结果

2.1. 双转基因小鼠的生产结果

P03 tPA单转基因小鼠成功与5只供体鼠配种,获得286枚受精卵,经显微注射后,选取其中形态较好的249枚卵移植入12只假孕母鼠的输卵管内,有8只怀孕,妊娠率为66.7%(8/12),共出生77只小鼠。应用GH-F/ R引物(位于GH基因编码区,GH-F引物序列位置在PCL25/GH载体为4512-4545,GH-R引物序列位置在PCL25/GH载体为5145-5181)可进行PCR检测GH基因整合情况,若整合GH基因则扩增出670 bp大小的条带;应用CMV/tPA-F/R(位于横跨CMV-tPA基因序列接头处,CMV/tPA-F引物序列位置在PCL25/tPA载体为3874-3890,CMV/tPA-R引物序列位置在PCL25/tPA载体为4418-4434)可进行PCR检测tPA基因整合情况,若整合tPA基因则扩增出561 bp大小的条带;若PCR检测为GH/tPA双基因共整合,则能够分别扩增出670 bp和561 bp大小的两条带,验证结果可判定为GH/tPA双转基因小鼠。经PCR检测,共有16只小鼠(7♂,9♀)整合tPA单基因,仅扩增出561 bp大小条带;共有13只小鼠(8♂,5♀)整合GH/tPA双基因,分别扩增出670 bp和561 bp大小条带(图 2),双基因整合率为16.9%(13/77)(表 2)。

2.

2

GH/tPA双转基因的PCR检测电泳图

Gel electrophoresis of the PCR products for GH/tPA double transgenic mice. A: Detection of tPA gene by PCR. Lanes 1-7: Genome samples of transgenic mice; Lane 8: PCL25/tPA plasmid (positive control); Lane 9: Wild-type mouse (negative control); Lanes 10, 11: Ultrapure water (blank control); M: DL2000 marker. B: Detection of GH gene by PCR. Lanes 1-7: Genome samples of transgenic mice; Lane 8: PCL25/GH plasmid (positive control); Lane 9: Wild-type mouse (negative control); Lane 10: tPA single transgenic mice; Lane 11: Ultrapure water (blank control); M: DL2000 marker.

2.

转基因小鼠生产情况统计表

Production statistics of the transgenic mice

Number/samples Fertilized eggs Transferred eggs Recipient Pregnancy (%) Pups born tPA single transgenic mice GH/tPA double transgenic mice (%)
P03 286 249 12 8 (66.7%) 77 16 (7♂, 9♀) 13 (8♂, 5♀; 16.9%)
P05 175 144 7 4 (57.1%) 34 12 (5♂, 7♀) 7 (3♂, 4♀; 20.6%)

P05 tPA单转基因小鼠成功与3只供体鼠配种,获得175枚受精卵,经显微注射后,选取其中形态较好的144枚卵移植入7只假孕母鼠的输卵管内,有4只怀孕,妊娠率为57.1%(4/7),共出生34只小鼠。应用PCR检测,有12只小鼠(5♂,7♀)整合tPA单基因,仅扩增出561 bp大小条带;有7只小鼠(3♂,4♀)整合GH/tPA双基因,分别扩增出561 bp和670 bp大小条带(图 2),双基因整合率为20.6%(7/34)(表 2)。

2.2. ELISA检测结果

转基因小鼠乳清经ELISA检测并绘制标准曲线,计算并统计分析乳腺中tPA的表达情况(表 3图 3),其中P03系生产的tPA单转基因小鼠的tPA表达量为16.3~82.5 μg/mL,GH/tPA双转基因小鼠的tPA表达量为35.2~674 μg/mL;P05系生产的tPA单转基因小鼠的tPA表达量为20.8~66.3 μg/mL,GH/tPA双转基因小鼠的tPA表达量为112~423 μg/mL。两个品系生产的GH/ tPA双转基因小鼠乳腺表达tPA水平均明显高于tPA单转基因小鼠(P < 0.05),且最高表达水平达到674 μg/mL。

3.

单、双转基因小数tPA表达情况分析表

The tPAof Gene expression analysis of single and double transgenic mice (μg/mL)

Expression level P03 P05
a and b are the comparison between single and double transgenes of P03 line. There is a significant difference between the data with different letter superscripts in the same column (P < 0.05); c and d are the comparison between single and double transgenes of P05 line. The data with different letter superscripts in the same column were significantly different (P < 0.05).
tPA single transgenic mice 16.3-82.5 38.6±7.1a 20.8-66.3 41.5±4.5c
GH/tPA double transgenic mice 35.2-674 293±15.6b 112-423 227±9.4d

3.

3

转基因小鼠乳腺中tPA的表达量及分析

Expression of tPA in the mammary gland of the transgenic mice. A: Standard curve of tPA expression in the mammary glands of transgenic mice. The concentrations of ateplase standard were 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 μg/mL, respectively. All whey samples were diluted at 100 folds with PBS. B: The expression level of tPA in the mammary gland of the transgenic mice. P03-S and P05-S are tPA single transgenic mice, and P03-D and P05-D are GH/tPAdouble transgenic mice. *P<0.05 vs tPA single transgenic mice.

2.3. Western blotting检测结果

小鼠乳清的Western blotting检测结果显示,单、双转基因小鼠乳清中均出现一条约68 000大小的条带,与阿替普酶标准品的条带大小一致(图 4),与目标蛋白大小相符合。

4.

4

单、双转基因小鼠乳清的Western blotting检测图

Western blotting of ateplase in single and double transgenic mice whey. All whey samples were diluted 100 times with PBS. M: Protein molecular weight standard; 1: Alteplase standard (positive control); 2: Naïve mouse whey (negative control); 3: PBS (blank control); 4: Double transgenic mouse whey produced from P03; 5: Single transgenic mouse whey produced from P03; 6: Double transgenic mouse whey produced from P05; 7: Single transgenic mouse whey produced from P05.

2.4. GH/tPA双转基因小鼠的生长发育情况

分别对单、双转基因小鼠的不同日龄体质量进行测量(表 4),并与正常非转基因小鼠的体质量进行比较,结果显示所有小鼠的体质量间没有明显的差异(P>0.05,表 4)。GH基因的转入未影响小鼠的正常生长发育,GH/tPA双转基因小鼠能够正常出生、存活,并且健康地生长发育至成年。

4.

转基因小鼠不同生长阶段的体质量测量统计表

Body weight measurements in different growth stages of the transgenic mice (g, Mean±SD)

Group Growth stage (d)
0 7 21 35 49 63 77
Compared with normal non-transgenic mice, there was no significant difference between the data in the same column (*P > 0.05).
Wold-type mice 1.21±0.19 4.93±0.47 11.51±1.02 19.88±2.17 24.56±2.04 25.13±1.64 25.15±1.82
tPA transgenic mice from P03 1.17±0.13* 5.13±0.21* 11.02±0.56* 20.29±1.18* 24.87±1.71* 25.02±3.05* 24.78±1.78*
GH/tPA transgenic mice from P03 1.10±0.18* 5.02±0.16* 10.84±0.73* 19.77±2.65* 24.23±1.89* 24.83±1.12* 25.45±2.00*
tPA transgenic mice from P05 1.11±0.07* 4.87±0.30* 10.96±1.53* 19.38±1.99* 25.01±2.25* 25.44±2.43* 25.67±1.32*
GH/tPA transgenic mice from P03 1.16±0.21* 4.98±0.29* 11.00±0.78* 19.90±1.25* 24.54±1.66* 24.58±1.77* 25.03±2.22*

3. 讨论

tPA是一种临床上用于治疗脑中风、冠心病、心肌梗死等心脑血栓类疾病的药物,作为溶栓药物其具有高效、特异、安全、副作用小等优点,在人类血栓疾病治疗史上具有重要的地位[10, 19]。传统的tPA生产方式主要是通过哺乳动物细胞系或原核生物表达,价格高、产量少、生物活性低,临床使用具有一定的局限性[19]。动物乳腺生物反应器具有成本低、产量大、生物活性高等优势[14],是一种理想的选择,成为国内外生物高技术竞争的热点。自上世纪末,Wright等[20]首次在羊乳腺中表达人α- 抗胰蛋白酶以来,为利用动物乳腺生物反应器生产tPA类溶栓药物提供了可靠的依据。但是,由于tPA属于一种非乳蛋白类物质,在动物乳腺中的表达水平一直较低,而乳蛋白在乳腺中的表达机制十分复杂[19]。因此,如何提高转基因动物乳腺中外源基因tPA的表达水平值得我们深入研究。目前,国内外大多是针对tPA本身基因的优化与改造的研究[15, 21, 22],虽然取得了一定的进展,但是对于提高tPA表达产量方面的研究仍有不足。

研究报道生物体内转入两种基因可产生相互作用,从而协同促进外源目的基因的表达[23],这为本研究提高转基因小鼠乳腺中tPA表达量提供了新的思路。自生长激素被发现以来[24],随后有研究证明GH基因能够与α-LA或β-casein基因的HRE序列结合并激活受体,协同促进提高动物乳蛋白的特异性表达和乳腺上皮细胞的分化、增殖[12, 25]。虽然对兔骨髓间充质干细胞、大鼠神经干细胞、人体细胞的研究能够很好地证明双基因协同促表达这一现象[2, 4, 26, 27],但是涉及到动物个体的基因表达调控较复杂,目前国内外一般是围绕基因表达载体构建优化或双基因共表达等方面来开展研究。例如利用山羊β-酪蛋白、牛αs1-酪蛋白和山羊β-乳球蛋白等不同的启动子序列优化设计并构建了一系列杂合启动子/增强子的hLF乳腺特异性表达载体,通过显微注射制备的转基因小鼠中启动子/增强子基因能够促进外源目的基因hLF在乳腺中高水平地表达[28];周敏雅等[29]将hSOD1、hSOD3基因载体共转染山羊胎儿成纤维细胞获得双转基因细胞株,进而通过体细胞核移植制备的双转基因山羊体内能够成功地同时高水平共表达hSOD1、hSOD3这两种基因;其他研究也分别证明了双转基因动物中基因构建优化促表达和双基因共表达的情况[6, 7]。然而,关于利用GH基因的导入来协同提高外源目的基因tPA在双转基因动物个体中的表达水平,尤其是关于GH/tPA双基因小鼠个体协同促表达分析的研究尚未见报道。

小鼠是一种常见的实验模式动物,具有繁殖力强、产仔数多、成长快、体型小、易于饲养管理等特点,受到广大科研者的青睐[30, 31]。本研究通过前期获得的tPA单转基因雄性小鼠(标号P03、P05)与正常雌性小鼠交配获取受精卵、显微注射GH基因的方法来制备GH/tPA双转基因小鼠,从而保证了双基因整合率和tPA表达水平的可比性。共获得13只P03系GH/tPA双转基因小鼠(8♂,5♀),7只P05系GH/tPA双转基因小鼠(3♂,4♀),双基因整合率分别为16.9%和20.6%,这与通常制备转基因小鼠整合效率的研究报道相一致[16, 21, 32]。同时,关于tPA在转基因动物乳腺中的表达水平研究一直备受国内外研究者关注。Ebert等[15]首次报道了利用转基因羊来生产tPA,在其乳腺中成功地表达3µg/mL具有活性的tPA。在转基因小鼠乳腺特异性表达tPA的相关研究报道也屡见不鲜,例如Lu等[21]通过显微注射法制备转基因小鼠乳腺中能够表达出6 µg/mL的tPA,安靓等[22]通过乳腺注射法和显微注射法分别在小鼠乳腺中表达出300 ng/mL和500 ng/mL的tPA,Zhou等[16]和谭晓红等[17]也分别成功地制备了转基因小鼠并研究了其乳腺中tPA表达水平。但是,上述研究的tPA表达水平一直偏低,未得到科学有效的解决。在本研究中,对单、双转基因小鼠进行表达检测,其中tPA单转基因小鼠乳腺中表达tPA的最高水平为82.5 μg/mL,GH/tPA双转基因小鼠乳腺中表达tPA的最高水平为674 μg/mL,双基因小鼠表达水平明显高于单基因,证明了转基因小鼠体内导入GH基因,能够较大程度地促进目的基因tPA的表达,提高目标蛋白产物的量。这与国内外相关研究报道相比,能够大大地改善并提高转基因动物乳腺中tPA的表达水平,在一定程度上可解决目前临床tPA产量低的瓶颈问题。

此外,目前关于GH基因的研究通常是利用GH基因转入动物体内以调节其机体的生长发育,从而获得比一般野生型个体大的“超级”物种[33],而利用GH基因调控乳蛋白表达和泌乳研究的报道较少见。本研究中获得的GH/tPA双转基因小鼠通过与tPA单转基因小鼠、正常非转基因小鼠的生长发育状况比较,发现GH基因并没有对转基因小鼠的生长发育产生影响,整合GH的转基因小鼠能够正常地出生、成长至成年。一般情况下,BALB/c小鼠生长至6周龄达到性成熟、8周龄达到体成熟,成年体质量为22.0~28.0 g[34],本研究中的小鼠生长至约49日龄以后,达到一般成年小鼠体质量,而且整个生长周期内,单、双转基因与正常非转基因小鼠的体质量增长均没有明显的差异,这与一般利用GH基因促生长的研究报道不一致。分析原因可能是本研究中选择的GH基因序列来源于山羊,由于基因种属的因素,导致GH基因在小鼠体内不能够产生与山羊类似的生理作用,所以没有对小鼠的生长发育造成任何明显的影响。而且,基因表达是涉及到基因调控网络、整合位点、拷贝数、激素水平以及表观遗传多态性等多方面因素的影响[35, 36]。因此,有必要对相关后续工作进一步探究。

综上所述,本研究在tPA单转基因小鼠的基础上成功制备了GH/tPA双转基因小鼠,通过对乳清中tPA表达含量和不同生长发育阶段的体质量监测,证明了GH/ tPA双转基因小鼠能够显著地提高目的基因tPA的表达水平,且GH基因对小鼠的生长发育没有造成任何明显的影响,这为将来制备高表达转基因小鼠及其它动物提供了新思路和新方法,也为新型转基因动物乳腺生物反应器生产医药蛋白和转基因育种奠定了基础。

Biographies

宋绍征,博士,副教授,E-mail: ssz0610@163.com

何正义,博士,E-mail: 2213627550@qq.com

Funding Statement

江苏省高校自然科学基金(19KJB180030);江苏省高校“青蓝工程”优秀青年骨干教师项目(苏教师函[2021]11号);江西省卫生健康委员会科技计划项目(202130627);赣南医学院第一附属医院博士启动资金(QD066)

Contributor Information

宋 绍征 (Shaozheng SONG), Email: ssz0610@163.com.

李 丹 (Dan LI), Email: 779471276@qq.com.

何 正义 (Zhengyi HE), Email: 2213627550@qq.com.

周 鸣鸣 (Mingming ZHOU), Email: zmm19770@126.com.

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