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. 2021 Dec 3;11(12):1827. doi: 10.3390/biom11121827

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Nrf2 enters the nucleus under oxidative stress conditions. (A) At basal conditions, the E3 ligase targets Nrf2 for ubiquitination and marks it to be sent to the proteosome for degradation. Thus, Nrf2 does not enter the nucleus. Under oxidative stress conditions, free radicals can attach to the E3 ligase creating a conformational change that inhibits its binding to Nrf2 and, by this, allows Nrf2 to enter the nucleus. (B) In the nucleus, Nrf2 initiates gene transcription of protective genes, such as the antioxidants HO-1, glutathione S-transferase, quinone oxidoreductase 1.