Table 1.
Bioactive compounds of edible mushrooms and their health benefits.
| Mushroom (Common Name) |
Bioactive Compounds | Health Benefits | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agaricus bisporus (White mushroom) | Pyrogallol, hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, flavonoids, lectins |
Anti-inflammatory, enhanced insulin secretion, anti-ageing property | [14,15,16] |
| Auricularia auricular (Jew’s ear mushroom) | Glucan, acidic polysaccharides | Immunomodulatory, anti-tumour, anti-inflammatory, lowers cholesterol and triglycerides, hypoglycaemic activity, immune tonic, and beneficial in coronary heart disease | [16,17] |
| Flammulina velutipes (Golden needle mushroom) | Peptidoglycan, polysaccharides, flammulin, FVP (flammulina polysaccharide-protein), proflamin (glycoprotein), a prolamin (active sugar protein) | Anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-tumour, antioxidant, activity, immuno-modulatory, anti-ageing property, anti-viral action | [16,18,19,20,21] |
| Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi, lingzhi) | Ganoderic acids, ganodermanontriol, ganoderiol, polysaccharides, germanium, triterpenoids, nucleotides and nucleosides, β-glucan | Anti-metastatic, anti-tumour, anti-viral, anti-HIV, immunomodulatory, antibiotic properties, liver protection, prevents cholesterol synthesis | [22,23] |
|
Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) |
Lentinan, glucan, mannoglucan, fucomannogalactan, lentin (protein), catechinflavonoids, eritadenine | Immunomodulatory, anti-tumour, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, antioxidant, anti-bacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, hypolipidemic activity | [24,25,26,27,28] |
| Cordyceps sinensis (Caterpillar fungus) | Cordycepin | treat lung infection, hypo-glycemic activity, cellular health properties, antidepressant activity | [16] |
|
Pleurotus florida (White oyster) |
β-glucans | Antioxidant, anti-microbial | [29,30] |
| Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster mushroom) | Functional proteins (ubiquinone-9, ubiquitin-like peptide, nebrodeolysin, and glycoprotein), proteoglycans pleuran (β-1, 3-glucan with galactose, and mannose), glucans, proteoglycan, laccase, pleurostrin (peptide) | Immunomodulatory, hyperglycemia, anti-tumour, antioxidant, anti-viral, anti-fungal |
[31,32,33,34,35] |
|
Grifola frondosa (Ram’s head) |
Lectins, polysaccharides | Decrease blood glucose improves insulin secretion and ovulation | [16] |
| Pleurotus pulmonarius (Lung oyster mushroom) | Polysaccharides such as β (1,3)-glucopyranosyl, and Polysaccharides (1,3), (1,6)-linked β-glucan | Anti-inflammatory | [36,37] |
| Volvariella volvacea (Paddy straw mushroom) | Fip-vvo | Immunomodulatory | [38] |
| Hericiumerinaceus (Monkey head mushroom) | Hericenones and erinacines | Neuritogenic effects | [16] |