Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of healthy volunteers, patients with acute and acute-on-chronic cardiopulmonary edema (CPE), and patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Data are presented as absolute numbers (percentage) or as median values (interquartile range).
| Healthy Volunteers n = 20 | CPE n = 11 | COVID-19 n = 26 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 39 (29–49) | 70 (66–76) | 54 (48–64) |
| Sex | M: 8 (40%) F: 12 (60%) |
M: 6 (55%) F: 5 (45%) |
M: 14 (54%) F: 12 (46%) |
| Weight, kg | 61 (57–66) | 80 (76–86) | 75 (70–87) |
| Height, cm | 170 (163–181) | 170 (165–178) | 168 (162–175) |
| EBC Volume, μL | 825 (500–1050) | 1130 (300–1200) | 800 (500–1110) |
| ATS score (severe pneumonia) | / | / | 8 |
| SpO2, % | / | 97 (96–98) | 96 (96–97) |
| FiO2, % | / | 21 (21–21) | 29 (21–50) |
| Respiratory rate, breath/min | / | 15 (10–16) | 16 (15–18) |
| PaO2/FiO2, mmHg | / | 330 (244–401) | 277 (241–338) |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Smoker | 0 | 7 (54%) | 3 (11%) |
| Ischemic cardiomyopathy | 0 | 5 (38%) | 2 (8%) |
| Valvulopathy | 0 | 4 (31%) | 1 (4%) |
| Hypertension | 0 | 7 (54%) | 8 (31%) |
| Obesity | 0 | 3 (23%) | 3 (11%) |
| Diabetes | 0 | 4 (31%) | 3 (11%) |
| Chronic respiratory failure | 1 (6%) | 3 (23%) | 2 (8%) |
| Chronic renal failure | 0 | 2 (15%) | 0 |
| Lab results at hospital admission | |||
| White blood cell count, ×103/μL | / | 9.45 (7.32–11.86) | 6.795 (5.28–9.62) |
| Lymphocyte count, ×103/μL | / | 1.82 (1.01–3.26) | 0.97 (0.61–1.3) |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L | / | 423 (369–549) | 547 (409–759) |
| D-dimer, μgFEU/L | / | 805 (350–5201) | 703 (487–1197) |
| Platelet count, ×103/μL | / | 247 (191–306) | 220 (181–275) |
| Ferritin, ng/mL | / | 40 (18–312) | 294 (156–757) |
| Length of hospital stay, days | / | 11 (7–26) | 7 (5–10) |