Table 2.

Selected markers of long-term red meat consumption.

Metabolite name		Super Pathway	Sub Pathway	Univariate Analysis		Elastic-Net Model
				p a	q b	β c
12,13-DiHOME d		lipid	fatty acid, dihydroxy	<0.001	<0.001	0.089
2-naphthol sulfate e		xenobiotic	Chemical	<0.001	<0.001	−0.158
androstenediol (3α, 17α) monosulfate 2 d		lipid	androgenic steroid	<0.001	<0.001	0.217
S-methylcysteine sulfoxide e		amino acid	methionine, cysteine, S-adenosylmethionine and taurine metabolism	<0.001	<0.001	−0.130
7alpha-Hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoate		lipid	Sterol	0.001	0.041	0.008
Perfluorooctane sulfonate		xenobiotic	Chemical	0.001	0.041	0.042
S-methylcysteine		amino acid	methionine, cysteine, S-adenosylmethionine and taurine metabolism	0.001	0.041	−0.014
2-oxoarginine		amino acid	urea cycle, arginine and proline metabolism	0.002	0.065	0.054
gamma-Glutamyl-2-aminobutyrate d		peptide	gamma-glutamyl amino acid	0.003	0.082	0.153
epsilon-(gamma-Glutamyl)-lysine		peptide	gamma-glutamyl amino acid	0.003	0.082	0.126

^a. The p value in the Wilcoxon rank-sum test between high consumers and low consumers. ^b. The probability after false detective rate adjustment. ^c. The coefficient in the elastic-net regression model. ^d. Positively correlated (p < 0.05) with high consumers in the stepwise logistic regression model. ^e. Negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with high consumers in the stepwise logistic regression model.