Fig. 2.

The total organizational budgets of major scientific funders in the two countries over an eight-year period. Chinese budgets (panel A) are from the 2010 and 2018 annual years, Indian budgets (panel B) are from the 2010–2011 and 2018–2019 years; all figures represent actual expenditures. CAS Chinese Academy of Sciences (https://www.cas.cn/), MOST Ministry of Science and Technology (https://www.most.gov.cn), NSFC National Science Foundation of China (https://nsfc.gov.cn/); DBT Department of Biotechnology (https://dbtindia.gov.in/), DST Department of Science and Technology (https://dst.gov.in/), MOEFCC Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Climate Change (https://moef.gov.in/)