Figure 4.

Representative photos obtained after 24 h of experiments determining anti-biofilm activity of dioscin under flow conditions against H. pylori J99. The flow conditions were generated using the Bioflux 1000 system. The MIC, ½ × MIC, and ¼ × MIC had values of 64 µg/mL, 32 µg/mL, and 16 µg/mL, respectively. Control samples were bacteria not exposed to any concentration of dioscin. The pictures on the right show cells stained with the LIVE/DEAD kit (green and red fluorescence showing live and dead cells, respectively) and viewed under a fluorescence microscope, while the pictures on the left show cells under a light microscope. Scale bars show 10 µm.