Table 1.
General characteristics of study subjects based on their green tea intake.
| Variable | Cups of Green Tea/Day (n = 3530) | p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| None (n = 1893) |
<1/Day (n = 1336) |
1–3/Day (n = 301) |
||
| Age (years) | 65.47 ± 0.31 | 61.54 ± 0.29 | 60.93 ± 0.60 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.31 ± 0.09 | 24.14 ± 0.10 | 24.72 ± 0.25 | 0.071 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 0.007 | |||
| Ex-smoker | 90 (5.2) | 32 (2.5) | 13 (5.2) | |
| Current smoker | 88 (5.3) | 44 (3.0) | 11 (4.1) | |
| Binge alcohol drinking, n (%) | 47 (2.5) | 53 (5.1) | 18 (8.3) | <0.001 |
| Regular exercise, n (%) | 881 (48.1) | 650 (52.5) | 169 (59.1) | 0.004 |
| Educational level, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| ≤Elementary school | 1459 (74.8) | 749 (53.2) | 144 (52.4) | |
| Middle | 205 (12.0) | 223 (18.7) | 69 (20.9) | |
| High | 175 (11.3) | 253 (18.7) | 69 (20.5) | |
| ≥College | 39 (1.9) | 110 (9.4) | 18 (6.2) | |
| Household income, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Low | 531 (26.3) | 277 (20.4) | 67 (25.4) | |
| Lower middle | 511 (26.5) | 320 (25.0) | 65 (20.2) | |
| Upper middle | 446 (26.5) | 361 (26.6) | 72 (21.1) | |
| High | 381 (20.7) | 359 (28.0) | 95 (33.3) | |
| 25-hydroxy vitamin D (ng/mL) | 18.32 ± 0.29 | 18.08 ± 0.29 | 18.40 ± 0.48 | 0.799 |
| Calcium intake (mg/day) | 393.58 ± 14.29 | 470.50 ± 10.53 | 502.73 ± 24.05 | <0.001 |
| Coffee intake (cup/day) | 0.967 ± 0.03 | 0.932 ± 0.03 | 1.31 ± 0.07 | <0.001 |
| Total energy intake (kcal/day) | 1487.93 ± 22.56 | 1669.42 ± 25.51 | 1618.89 ± 52.78 | <0.001 |
| Protein intake (g/day) | 47.69 ± 0.86 | 57.81 ± 1.08 | 55.76 ± 2.26 | <0.001 |
| Age of menopause (years) | 48.65 ± 0.15 | 49.42 ± 0.16 | 49.85 ± 0.30 | <0.001 |
| Duration after menopause | 16.57 ± 0.38 | 11.963 ± 0.34 | 10.964 ± 0.72 | <0.001 |
| Hormone replacement therapy, n (%) | 202 (10.9) | 270 (20.8) | 66 (18.6) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| none | 642 (33.2) | 324 (26.4) | 91 (34.3) | |
| 1–2 | 758 (47.4) | 556 (46.6) | 119 (45.3) | |
| ≥3 | 493 (19.3) | 456 (27.0) | 91 (20.4) | |
Values are presented as means ± standard error or unweighted numbers (weighted %). Comorbidities: Diabetes mellitus, Chronic kidney disease, Rheumatoid arthritis, Thyroid disease, Cancer, and Liver cirrhosis.