Table 1.
Body composition and somatotype data in the four study groups at the baseline (T1) and after 9 weeks of supplementation (T2).
| Group | T1 | T2 | P (T × G) | ƞ2p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 Skinfolds (mm) | ||||
| PLG | 61.10 ± 19.46 | 57.77 ± 20.37 | 0.251 | 0.140 |
| CITG | 55.75 ± 13.68 | 49.28 ± 12.53 | ||
| BRG | 61.66 ± 19.86 | 53.15 ± 9.11 | ||
| CIT-BRG | 46.95 ± 15.82 | 47.53 ± 20.61 | ||
| Muscle mass (%) | ||||
| PLG | 43.43 ± 3.28 | 44.47 ± 3.69 | 0.137 | 0.195 |
| CITG | 48.42 ± 5.85 | 45.86 ± 3.78 | ||
| BRG | 45.09 ± 3.11 | 46.44 ± 3.34 | ||
| CIT-BRG | 45.56 ± 3.01 | 48.00 ± 2.10 * | ||
| Endomorphy | ||||
| PLG | 2.82 ± 1.03 | 2.65 ± 0.87 | 0.482 | 0.089 |
| CITG | 2.33 ± 0.72 | 1.97 ± 0.46 | ||
| BRG | 2.68 ± 0.44 | 2.33 ± 0.46 | ||
| CIT-BRG | 2.24 ± 0.87 | 2.17 ± 0.84 | ||
| Mesomorphy | ||||
| PLG | 5.20 ± 0.41 | 5.33 ± 0.60 | 0.568 | 0.079 |
| CITG | 5.38 ± 0.89 | 5.86 ± 1.13 | ||
| BRG | 5.37 ± 0.95 | 5.66 ± 1.11 | ||
| CIT-BRG | 4.70 ± 0.70 | 5.03 ± 0.81 * | ||
| Ectomorphy | ||||
| PLG | 2.48 ± 0.80 | 2.44 ± 0.66 | 0.746 | 0.031 |
| CITG | 2.62 ± 0.84 | 2.46 ± 0.77 | ||
| BRG | 2.59 ± 0.92 | 2.58 ± 0.93 | ||
| CIT-BRG | 3.03 ± 0.87 | 3.03 ± 0.83 | ||
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. P (T × G): group-by-time interaction (p < 0.05). Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA. PLG: Placebo group; CITG: Citrulline supplemented group; BRG: Nitrate-rich beetroot extract group; CIT-BRG: Citrulline plus Nitrate-rich beetroot extract group. *: Significantly different between two study phases (T1 vs. T2) by dependent sample t-test (p < 0.05).