Figure 1.

PNC is aberrantly expressed in fibrotic heart, lung, and liver tissues. (A) Representative images of stained tissues from explanted failed human hearts (n = 20, ischemic and non-ischemic etiology), lungs (n = 10, IPF etiology) and livers (n = 40, NAFLD-cirrhosis etiology) show positive expression and aberrant localization of PNC (Brown stain). Corresponding representative images of stained normal human heart (n = 24), lung (n = 18), and liver (n = 32) show lack of aberrantly expressed PNC at the tissue level. Perinuclear staining, consistent with normal N-cadherin processing can be seen in the healthy cardiac tissue. Scale bar = 100 µm. (B) Graphical representation of human samples analyzed in this study. Each column represents a single human sample, annotated by color to indicate the organ system of relevance to this study (top row), whether the patient had fibrosis (second row), the reported sex of the patient (third row), the age of the patient (fourth row) and the method by which the sample was analyzed in this study (fourth row). In cases where demographic data is unknown, unavailable, or unreported, a white bar with black hatch is shown. n = 257 total samples analyzed.