Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to create and regularly update a database of host plant species of Xylella spp. The mandate now covers the period 2021–2026 and EFSA is requested to release an update of the database twice per year. The aim of the database is to provide information and scientific support to risk assessors, risk managers and researchers dealing with Xylella spp. This report is related to the fifth version of the database published in Zenodo in the EFSA Knowledge Junction community, covering literature published from 1 January 2021 up to 30 June 2021, and recent Europhyt outbreak notifications. Informative data have been extracted from 41 selected publications. Nineteen new host plants were identified and added to the database since the previous update published in June 2021. Those plant species were reported naturally infected by subsp. multiplex or unknown (i.e. not reported in the publication) of X. fastidiosa in the UE (France, Spain and Portugal). No additional data were retrieved for X. taiwanensis. New information on the tolerant/resistant response of plant species to X. fastidiosa infection were added, while no new STs have been identified worldwide compared to the previous update published in May 2021. The overall number of Xylella spp. host plants determined with at least two different detection methods or positive with one method (between: sequencing, pure culture isolation) now reaches 407 plant species, 185 genera and 68 families. Such numbers raise to 655 plant species, 293 genera and 88 families if considered regardless of the detection method applied.
Keywords: Xylella spp., Xylella fastidiosa, host plants, database, data extraction, subspecies, sequence types
1. Introduction
1.1. Background and Terms of Reference as provided by the requestor
In the context of Article 31 of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002, EFSA was asked by the European Commission DG SANTE to provide technical assistance in the field of plant health as regards the regulated harmful organism Xylella fastidiosa, as per letter to EFSA’s Director dated 30 June 2016 (Reference ARES(2016)3126989).
EFSA was requested to further specify and update the host plants database of X. fastidiosa available in 2016 (EFSA, 2016) taking into account the different X. fastidiosa subspecies and strains (with particular reference to the European isolates), with the inclusion of information on non‐susceptible plants and varieties and negative results of diagnostic tests when available. EFSA was requested to maintain and update this database periodically and to make new releases available on the EFSA website, together with a Scientific Report. The database should focus on plants confirmed to be infected by at least two detection methods in field conditions or via vector transmission under experimental conditions. Such request was for the period 2016–2020.
This mandate was extended by the European Commission DG SANTE for the period 2021–2026, with the aim to continue the update of that database. EFSA is requested to deliver two updates per year of the database.
1.2. Interpretation of the Terms of Reference
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) delivered in September 2018 a renovated database of host plants of Xylella spp., taking into account both species of the genus Xylella (X. fastidiosa and X. taiwanensis) (EFSA, 2018), which was last updated in June 2021 (EFSA, 2021). Raw data and interactive reports were published in Zenodo 1 in the EFSA Knowledge Junction community and in Microstrategy 2 platform, together with a Scientific Report.
As per terms of reference (ToR), EFSA was requested to maintain and update the Xylella spp. host plant database for the period 2021–2026, and to publish new releases online together with a report twice per year. This Scientific Report provides a new update on the database of host plants of Xylella spp. published in June 2021 (EFSA, 2021). An extensive literature search was conducted to retrieve recent publications on the topic and new informative data on host plant species of Xylella spp. were collected. Such report provides information on the literature review and a detailed view on the currently known host plants of Xylella spp.
2. Data and methodologies
The methodologies developed for the Xylella spp. host plant database published in 2018 (EFSA, 2018) were applied in this report.
The process was divided in the following steps:
Extensive literature search to identify relevant references.
Selection of studies based on title, abstract and full text.
Data extraction of relevant information.
Data analysis and reporting.
2.1. Extensive literature search
The review question ‘Which plant species can host Xylella / Xylella associated disease?’ was broken down into key stages using the P/O conceptual model described in the EFSA systematic review guidance (EFSA, 2010):
Population of interest (P)
The population of interest is that of plant species, worldwide.
Outcome (condition of interest) (O)
The outcome (condition of interest) is that of Xylella spp. infection.
Two main elements were considered for the extensive literature search: the sources of information (Table 1) to be consulted and the search strategy (Table 2).
Table 1.
Sources of information
| Database | Platform |
|---|---|
| Scopus | Scopus |
| BIOSIS Citation Index | Web of Science |
| CABI: CAB Abstracts® | |
| Chinese Science Citation DatabaseSM | |
| Current Contents Connect | |
| FSTA® – the food science resource | |
| KCI‐Korean Journal Database | |
| MEDLINE® | |
| Russian Science Citation Index | |
| SciELO Citation Index | |
|
Web of Science Core Collection
| |
| Zoological Record |
Table 2.
Search strings and results
| Platform | Query | Results |
|---|---|---|
| Scopus | (TITLE‐ABS‐KEY (xylella OR xyllela OR xylela OR (pierce* W/2 disease ) OR (((plum OR plums) AND "leaf scald*")) OR ((phony W/2 ( peach* OR disease*))) OR ((citrus AND variegat* AND chlorosis)) OR crespera OR "almond leaf scorch*" OR "bacterial leaf scorch*" OR "coffee leaf scorch*" OR "mulberry leaf scorch*" OR "oleander leaf scorch*" OR "sycamore leaf scorch*" OR "Periwinkle wilt" OR "Ragweed stunt" OR ( ( olive W/50 "quick decline syndrome" ) ) OR "Xylem inhabiting bacteri*" OR "Xylem limited bacteri*" OR fxib OR fxjb OR "rickettsialike bacteri*" OR "rickettsia like bacteri*" ) ) AND (ORIG‐LOAD‐DATE > 20190701 AND ORIG‐LOAD‐DATE < 20201231)) | 68 |
| Web of Science | TS=(xylella OR xyllela OR xylela OR (pierce* NEAR/2 disease) OR (((Plum OR plums) AND “leaf scald*”)) OR ((Phony NEAR/2 (peach* OR disease*))) OR ((citrus AND variegat* AND chlorosis)) OR crespera OR “almond leaf scorch*” OR “bacterial leaf scorch*” OR “coffee leaf scorch*” OR “mulberry leaf scorch*” OR “oleander leaf scorch*” OR “sycamore leaf scorch*” OR “Periwinkle wilt” OR “Ragweed stunt” OR ((Olive NEAR “quick decline syndrome”)) OR “Xylem inhabiting bacteri*” OR “Xylem limited bacteri*” OR FXIB OR FXJB OR “rickettsialike bacteri*” OR “rickettsia like bacteri*”) | 152 |
2.1.1. Information sources
The search strategy was run in all databases listed in Table 1 via the Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics) and Scopus platforms with no language or document type restriction.
2.1.2. Search terms
The syntax of the search string, developed for the Xylella spp. host plants database published in 2018 (EFSA, 2018), was adapted and run into each platform databases listed in Table 1 on 29 July 2021. As the scope of the search was to retrieve references published after December 2020, the selected time span was from 1 January 2021 up to 30 June 2021. The search strings and the number of retrieved references are shown in Table 2.
The collected records were downloaded and imported into an EndNote X9 library (Clarivate Analytics). Duplicates and references already included in the update published in June 2021 (EFSA, 2021) were removed using EndNote X9 and the remaining references were uploaded on DistillerSR online 3 together with the full texts in portable document format (pdf).
Ten Europhyt outbreak notifications 4 (accessed on 17 September 2021) were also included.
2.2. Study selection
The collected references were screened for relevance in two steps:
Title and abstract screening.
Full‐text screening of the references that passed the first step.
Inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied in each step and two reviewers worked in parallel screening the references.
The first step required the reviewers to answer two questions, listed in Table 3, considering only title and abstract of the references. The aim of this step was to select only references presenting original research data on Xylella or Xylella‐associated disease.
Table 3.
Inclusion/exclusion criteria for title and abstract screening
| Question text | Type of answer | Answer text | Exclusion criteria |
|---|---|---|---|
| Is Xylella/a Xylella associated disease/a Xylella synonym the topic of the study? | Only one of the possible alternative answers can be selected | Yes | Included |
| No | Excluded | ||
| Is it a primary research study? | Only one of the possible alternative answers can be selected | Yes | Included |
| No | Excluded |
The references that passed the first step were submitted to the full text screening. This second step required the reviewers to answer four questions (Table 4): three of them are descriptive (neutral) whereas the fourth has an inclusion/exclusion role.
Table 4.
Inclusion/exclusion criteria at full text screening
| Question text | Type of answer | Answer text | Exclusion criteria |
|---|---|---|---|
| Is an English abstract present? | Only one of the possible alternative answers can be selected | Yes | Neutral |
| No | Neutral | ||
| Which is the type of the publication? | Only one of the possible alternative answers can be selected | Peer‐reviewed article | Neutral |
| Article | Neutral | ||
| Book | Neutral | ||
| Conference proceedings | Neutral | ||
| Abstract | Neutral | ||
| Technical publication/Report | Neutral | ||
| Other | Neutral | ||
| Is the Xylella host plant the main scope of the study? | Only one of the possible alternative answers can be selected | Yes | Neutral |
| No | Neutral | ||
| Is Xylella/a Xylella‐associated disease/a Xylella synonym studied in association with a host plant? | Only one of the possible alternative answers can be selected | Yes | Included |
| No | Excluded |
2.3. Data extraction
Informative data listed in Table 5 were extracted from the selected references. For each reference, the first reviewer performed the data extraction whereas the second reviewer conducted the quality check of the extracted data.
Table 5.
Data extraction structure
| Extracted data | Description |
|---|---|
| General information | In this section the general information about the study is reported |
| RecordID | Unique number allocated to each row |
| RefID | Unique number allocated to each reference within the DistillerSR software |
| Reference | Full reference |
| Publication year | Year of the publication |
| Starting year | Starting year of the study, as reported in the publication |
| Ending year | Ending year of the study, as reported in the publication |
| Botanical identification | The botanical identification of the plant, both as reported in the publication and according to the updated taxonomy of the EPPO Global Database5, is reported in this section |
| Plant EPPO code | EPPO code of the plant species, from the EPPO global database. For plant species not present in the EPPO global database, a new code was created in the EFSA catalogue. |
| Plant family | Plant family, from the EPPO global database 5 |
| Plant genus | Plant genus, from the EPPO global database 5 |
| Plant species | Plant species, from the EPPO global database 5 |
| Reported plant species | Name of the plant species as reported in the publication |
| Common name | Common name of the plant species, as reported in the publication |
| Cultivar | Cultivar or plant variety, as reported in the publication |
| Infection information | Detailed information about the infection and location of the plant is reported in this section |
| Infection method (Level 1) | The infection of the plant can be natural, artificial or not specified |
| Infection method (Level 2) |
Subcategories of natural infection: during survey activity, during research activity. ‘Research activity’ is used when plants are planted under natural inoculum pressure and infection development was monitored without interfering. Subcategories of artificial infection: mechanical inoculation (detailed at level 3a), vector transmission (detailed at level 3b) |
| Mechanical inoculation (Level 3a) | Subcategories of mechanical inoculation: budding, grafting, needle, root uptake, stem absorption, syringe |
| Infection vector species (Level 3b) | Insect species used in the artificial vector transmission |
| Location type | The place where the plant was placed: natural habitat, greenhouse, screenhouse, interception, not specified |
| Geographic information | In this section, the geographical location of the plant is reported, as detailed as possible. In case of intercepted plant, the reported location is the geographical origin of the plant and not the country and location where it was intercepted |
| Country code | From the EFSA catalogue, based on NUTS (Eurostat) and GAUL (FAO) territorial unit nomenclature |
| Country | From the EFSA catalogue, based on NUTS (Eurostat) and GAUL (FAO) territorial unit nomenclature |
| Location | Location description (state/region/province/municipality) from the EFSA catalogue, based on NUTS (Eurostat) and GAUL (FAO) territorial unit nomenclature |
| Additional Location | Additional information on the location, as reported in the publication |
| Coordinates precision | Coordinates as reported in the publication |
| Latitude | Latitude, as reported in the publication |
| Longitude | Longitude, as reported in the publication |
| Pest description | Information about the pest is reported in this section, together with genetic data |
| Pest EPPO code | EPPO code of the pest, from the EPPO global database 5 |
| Pest species | Name of Xylella spp., from the EPPO global database 5 |
| Pest subspecies | Xylella fastidiosa subspecies, from the EPPO global database 5 . If the subspecies is inferred from another publication, a note is added to the genotyping comment |
| Reported pest | Name of Xylella spp. as reported in the publication. Names used before the genus Xylella was established (up to 1987): Alfalfa dwarf virus, Morus suffodiens virus, Phony peach bacterium, Pierce's disease bacterium, Pierce's disease virus, Rickettsia‐like bacteria, Rod‐shaped bacteria, Xylem‐inhabiting bacteria. Names used from 1987 (when the genus Xylella was established): Xylella fastidiosa, Xylella taiwanensis |
| Disease | Name of the disease caused by Xylella spp., as reported in the publication: Alfalfa dwarf, Almond leaf scorch, Bacterial leaf scorch, Blueberry bacterial leaf scorch, Citrus variegated chlorosis, Coffee leaf scorch, Coffee stem atrophy, Crespera, Elm leaf scorch, Leaf scorch disease, Mulberry leaf scorch, Oleander leaf scorch, Olive quick decline syndrome, Pear leaf scorch, Pecan bacterial leaf scorch, Periwinkle wilt, Phony peach disease, Pierce disease, Plum leaf scald, Potato purple top disease, Ragweed stunt, Sweetgum dieback, Sycamore leaf scorch |
| Strain | Name of the strain of Xylella spp., as reported in the publication |
| MLST (Multilocus Sequence Type) | Sequence Type (ST) of Xylella fastidiosa, as reported in the publication. If the ST is inferred from another publication, a note is added in the genotyping comment |
| Genotyping comment | Comment or additional information regarding the pest |
| Methods of identification | In this section, the identification methods applied to detect Xylella spp. infection are listed. Eight detection methods were considered, and for each of them, the outcome of the analysis (positive or negative), together with the number of infected plants and the total number of analysed plants, were reported. Moreover, additional information could be added in the comment column beside each detection method |
| Symptoms | Observation of symptoms in the plant, as reported in the publication |
| Symptoms expression in test plants | Observation of symptom development in test plants after an attempt to transmit the pathogen through vectors |
| Culture | Pure culture isolation (i.e. isolation of cultivable bacteria from tissue samples on solid culture media) |
| Microscopy | Observation of Xylella spp. bacteria through microscopic analysis techniques |
| ELISA | Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay |
| Other immunological techniques | Immunological techniques other than ELISA |
| PCR‐based methods | Polymerase chain reaction‐based methods (PCR, nested PCR, qPCR, etc.) |
| Sequencing | Sequence analysis |
| Host status | Information about the tolerance and resistance response of the plant |
| Tolerance/Resistance reported | Tolerant/Resistant status of the plant, as reported in the publication |
| Tolerance/Resistance category | Categories describing the response of the tolerant/resistant plant: lack of infection or negative reading, lack of systemic movement, lack or reduction of symptoms, lack or reduction of symptoms – lower bacterial population, lack or reduction of symptoms – lower bacterial population – lower disease incidence, lack or reduction of symptoms – lower disease incidence, lower bacterial population, lower bacterial population – lower disease incidence, lower disease incidence, infection not persistent, reported as tolerant/resistant (no details) |
| Tolerance/Resistance comment | Comment on the tolerant/resistant response of the plant, as reported in the publication |
| Additional information | |
| Comment | Additional relevant information or comment on the study |
| Confirmed record | ‘Yes’ for confirmed records, ‘No’ for unconfirmed/dubious records. Unconfirmed records were included in the data extraction but excluded from the data analysis |
2.4. Data warehouse
A harmonised data model has been established to collect data on Xylella spp. host plants. The aim was to establish a harmonised data flow for the collection and the collation of an extensive literature review generated data in the plant health domain. Data are stored in EFSA Scientific Data Warehouse (S‐DWH), after that an ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) procedure is applied in order to harmonise and calculated the statistics.
2.4.1. Data management
The collected data have been submitted to the EFSA Data Collection Framework (DCF). DCF is the upfront system in the EFSA pipeline of data collection tools and allows a first step of harmonisation against the EFSA controlled reference terminology (aka EFSA catalogues). Data have been then included in the S‐DWH by means of a standardised Extract Transform Load (ETL) procedure and they have been further analysed and managed to generate needed statistics.
Data are available as interactive reports on the Microstrategy platform at the following link: https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/microstrategy/xylella
Raw data and related metadata are published in Zenodo in the EFSA Knowledge Junction community, this report refers to Version 5 (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1339343).
2.4.2. Data reporting
Data reporting was designed to distinguish the Xylella spp. host plant species, based on the number and type of detection methods applied for each finding. Different combinations of detection methods were considered:
A. Plant species positive with at least two detection methods (among: symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation) or positive with one method (between: sequencing, pure culture isolation).
B. The same as point A, but also including microscopy: plant species positive with at least two detection methods (among: microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation) or positive with one method (between: sequencing, pure culture isolation).
C. Plant species positive with at least one detection method (among: symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation).
D. Plant species positive with at least one detection method including microscopy (microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation).
E. All positives plant species reported, regardless of the detection methods (positive records but without the detection method specified, symptom observations, microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing, pure culture isolation).
3. Results
3.1. Results of the literature review
The extensive literature search was conducted on 29 July 2021 on Web of Science and Scopus platforms and 220 references were collected. Duplicates and references already included in EFSA (2021) were removed and 113 references were uploaded in DistillerSR and screened for relevance. Results of the screening process are shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Flow diagram of the screening process
In the first step, i.e. title and abstract screening, 67 references were excluded either because they do not focus on Xylella or Xylella‐associated diseases and/or they are not primary research studies. The selected 46 references were subjected to the second step of the screening process, i.e. the full text screening. Thirty‐one references, in which Xylella spp. is studied is association with a host plant, were selected. Ten Europhyt outbreak notifications 4 containing informative data were also included in the data extraction. Totally, 41 references (listed in Appendix E) were included in this update of the database and from which informative data listed in Table 5 were extracted. Data extracted from the reference Moya‐Hernandez et al. (2020) were considered not confirmed (i.e. included in the data extraction but excluded from the data analysis) and additional information was requested to the authors.
3.2. Update of records already included in the database
Scientific names of plant species, genera and families are reported, as far as possible, accordingly to the taxonomy of the EPPO Global Database that is constantly being updated. Therefore, changes of scientific names of plant species, genera and families in the Xylella spp. host plant database are related to the update of the taxonomy in the EPPO Global Database. This is the case of the EPPO code of the genus Rosmarinus (1RMSG) that has been deactivated, while all its species have been renamed and transferred to the genus Salvia (EPPO code 1SALG).
Records referring to Europhyt outbreak notifications, that may contain uncomplete data, are updated whenever additional information (e.g. further identification of the plant species, X. fastidiosa subspecies, ST, etc.) become available.
3.3. Host plant species of Xylella spp.
The updated numbers of host plant species, genera and families (according to the different categories reported in Section 2.4.2) are reported in Figure 2 and Table 6. The number of plant species raised from 385 to 407 according to category A [i.e. plant species positive with at least two detection methods (among: symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation) or positive with one method (between: sequencing, pure culture isolation)] and from 638 to 655 plant species of category E (i.e. all positives plant species reported, regardless of the detection methods).
Figure 2.
Number of host plant species according to the different categories (as described in Section 2.4.2). Plant species in category A are included in category B; plant species in category B are included in category C; plant species in category C are included in category D; plant species in category D are included in category E
Table 6.
Number of host plant species, genera and families of Xylella spp. according to categories A, B, C, D, E (based on the detection methods applied – see Section 2.4.2)
| A | B | C | D | E | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of host plant species | 407 | 412 | 639 | 648 | 655 |
| Number of host plant genera | 185 | 186 | 292 | 292 | 293 |
| Number of host plant families | 68 | 68 | 88 | 88 | 88 |
Compared to the previous update of the database published in May 2021 (EFSA, 2021), 19 plant species (eight genera and two families) were identified as new hosts of X. fastidiosa, according to category A. Those plant species, genera and families were not previously reported in the database. Almost all the new hosts reported in this update are plants native to the European or Mediterranean areal (POWO, 2021), often distinctive to the habitat where the natural infections were found. Details of those new hosts of X. fastidiosa are summarised in Table 7.
Table 7.
New host plants of X. fastidiosa. For each host plant, the infection method, the country, the X. fastidiosa subspecies and the category (see Section 2.4.2) are reported. New plant species, new genera and new families are highlighted in bold
| Plant family | Plant genus | Plant species | Infection method | X. fastidiosa subspecies | Country | Category |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fabaceae | Acacia | Acacia cultriformis | Natural | multiplex | France | A |
| Ericaceae | Arbutus | Arbutus unedo | Natural | multiplex | France | A |
| Asteraceae | Argyranthemum | Argyranthemum frutescens | Natural | multiplex | France | A |
| Elaeagnaceae | Elaeagnus | Elaeagnus x submacrophylla | Natural | multiplex | Portugal | A |
| Ericaceae | Erica | Erica cinerea | Natural | multiplex | Portugal | A |
| Asteraceae | Eriocephalus | Eriocephalus africanus | Natural | multiplex | France | A |
| Fabaceae | Genista | Genista hirsuta | Natural | unknown | Spain | A |
| Fabaceae | Genista | Genista scorpius | Natural | multiplex | Spain | A |
| Fabaceae | Genista | Genista valdes‐bermejoi | Natural | multiplex | Spain | A |
| Hypericaceae | Hypericum | Hypericum perforatum | Natural | multiplex | Portugal | A |
| Lauraceae | Laurus | Laurus sp. | Natural | unknown | Spain | A |
| Magnoliaceae | Magnolia | Magnolia x soulangeana | Natural | multiplex | Portugal | A |
| Asteraceae | Phagnalon | Phagnalon sp. | Natural | unknown | Spain | A |
| Lamiaceae | Phlomis | Phlomis italica | Natural | unknown | Spain | A |
| Fagaceae | Quercus | Quercus pubescens | Natural | multiplex | France | A |
| Fabaceae | Retama | Retama monosperma | Natural | multiplex | France | A |
| Rosaceae | Rubus | Rubus ulmifolius | Natural | multiplex | Portugal | A |
| Adoxaceae | Viburnum | Viburnum tinus | Natural | multiplex | France | A |
| Lamiaceae | Vitex | Vitex agnus‐castus |
Natural Natural |
multiplex unknown |
France Spain |
A A |
The new plant species were all naturally infected and identified in the EU (France, Spain and Portugal). Most of them were infected by subspecies multiplex, while for few host plants the subspecies was not reported in the publication (i.e. ‘unknown’). The new genera and families were all infected by subspecies multiplex. Five new genera were reported in France, while the remaining three new genera and the two new families were reported in Portugal.
The overall number of host plant species infected naturally, artificially and in unspecified conditions by the different X. fastidiosa subspecies and according to the different categories are reported in Tables 8, 9 and 10. The plant species behind the numbers shown in those tables are listed in.
Table 8.
Number of host plant species, naturally infected, susceptible to the different X. fastidiosa subspecies according to categories A, B, C, D, E (as described in Section 2.4.2)
| Category | fastidiosa | fastidiosa_sandyi | morus | multiplex | pauca | sandyi | tashke | unknown |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 50 | 2 | 4 | 196 | 53 | 7 | 1 | 169 |
| B | 50 | 2 | 4 | 196 | 53 | 7 | 1 | 174 |
| C | 53 | 2 | 4 | 202 | 56 | 8 | 1 | 369 |
| D | 53 | 2 | 4 | 202 | 56 | 8 | 1 | 375 |
| E | 53 | 2 | 4 | 202 | 56 | 8 | 1 | 386 |
Table 9.
Number of host plant species, artificially infected, susceptible to the different X. fastidiosa subspecies according to categories A, B, C, D, E (as described in Section 2.4.2)
| Category | fastidiosa | morus | multiplex | pauca | sandyi | tashke | unknown |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 40 | 2 | 19 | 19 | 5 | 0 | 89 |
| B | 41 | 2 | 19 | 20 | 5 | 0 | 94 |
| C | 73 | 2 | 24 | 27 | 7 | 1 | 202 |
| D | 73 | 2 | 24 | 27 | 7 | 1 | 208 |
| E | 74 | 2 | 25 | 27 | 7 | 1 | 216 |
Table 10.
Number of host plant species, infected in unspecified conditions, susceptible to the different X. fastidiosa subspecies according to categories A, B, C, D, E (as described in Section 2.4.2)
| Category | fastidiosa | multiplex | pauca | sandyi | unknown |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 7 | 13 | 8 | 1 | 16 |
| B | 7 | 13 | 8 | 1 | 18 |
| C | 7 | 16 | 8 | 2 | 27 |
| D | 7 | 16 | 8 | 2 | 29 |
| E | 7 | 16 | 8 | 2 | 31 |
Appendices A, B and C. In those appendices, the full lists of plant species infected by the different X. fastidiosa subspecies naturally, artificially and in not specified conditions according to the five categories are shown.
The highest number of plant species naturally infected is recorded for X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex (196 according to category A, up to 202 for category E), followed by subsp. pauca and subsp. fastidiosa. In artificial infection, 40 plant species (category A, and 74 for category E) were successfully infected by X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa. Nineteen plant species were artificially infected by subsp. pauca and by subsp. multiplex (category A), up to 27 and 25 for category E (for pauca and multiplex, respectively).
No new host plants were reported for the pathogen species Xylella taiwanensis, that so far was recorded only in Pyrus pyrifolia plants.
3.4. X. fastidiosa sequence types and host plants association
The full list of plant species infected by the different X. fastidiosa Sequence Types (ST) in natural, artificial and not specified conditions is reported in Appendix D. For each plant species, the number of records reporting infection by that specific ST is counted. For natural infection, it is also reported the country where the plant species have been identified, whereas for artificial and not specified infection only the total number of records is present in the appendix.
Totally, 1,843 records reporting information on 235 plant species infected by 87 different STs have been reported in the database. Most of the records (1,380) refer to natural infections that were reported in North, Central and South America (United States of America, Mexico, Honduras, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Brazil and Argentina), Europe (Portugal, Spain, France and Italy). The highest number of records for artificial infections belong to STs of subsp. pauca (189 records). While ST1 (subsp. fastidiosa) still remains the most used ST in artificial infections, now with 168 records, ST53 (subsp. pauca) is the most reported genotype in natural infections (367).
Compared to the previous version of the database (EFSA, 2021), no new STs have been identified worldwide. ST87 belonging to subsp. multiplex and identified in 2018 in Tuscany (Italy) hence remains the last sequence type identified so far, and therefore included in our database.
3.5. Tolerant and resistant response of plant species
Information on tolerant and resistant response of plant species to X. fastidiosa infection have been also reported in the database. The list of plant genera and species for which tolerant and resistant response have been identified is reported in Table 11. Nineteen additional records that include this information have been inserted in the database compared to the previous version (EFSA, 2021), most of them belonging to the genus Olea. Information on tolerant/resistant status is now reported for 70 plant species with a total number of 631 records.
Table 11.
Number of records reporting tolerant/resistant response for plant genus and species
| Plant genus and species | Number of records |
|---|---|
| Arabidopsis | 4 |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | 4 |
| Citrus | 175 |
| Citrus celebica | 1 |
| Citrus clementina | 4 |
| Citrus jambhiri | 2 |
| Citrus junos | 1 |
| Citrus latifolia | 1 |
| Citrus limettioides | 1 |
| Citrus limon | 14 |
| Citrus medica | 1 |
| Citrus natsudaidai | 1 |
| Citrus paradisi | 5 |
| Citrus reticulata | 9 |
| Citrus reticulate × C. sinensis × C. paradisi | 1 |
| Citrus sinensis | 8 |
| Citrus sp. | 70 |
| Citrus tangerina | 32 |
| Citrus × nobilis | 11 |
| Citrus × tangelo | 13 |
| Coffea | 5 |
| Coffea arabica | 4 |
| Coffea sp. | 1 |
| Fortunella | 1 |
| Fortunella margarita | 1 |
| Medicago | 2 |
| Medicago sativa | 2 |
| Olea | 25 |
| Olea europaea | 25 |
| Platanus | 2 |
| Platanus sp. | 2 |
| Poncirus | 3 |
| Poncirus trifoliata | 3 |
| Prunus | 58 |
| Prunus angustifolia | 1 |
| Prunus armeniaca | 3 |
| Prunus avium | 5 |
| Prunus cerasus | 2 |
| Prunus domestica | 3 |
| Prunus dulcis | 8 |
| Prunus persica | 7 |
| Prunus salicina | 14 |
| Prunus sp. | 13 |
| Prunus × amygdalo‐persica | 2 |
| Quercus | 2 |
| Quercus ilex | 2 |
| Vaccinium | 9 |
| Vaccinium corymbosum | 5 |
| Vaccinium sp. | 4 |
| Vitis | 345 |
| Vitis aestivalis | 4 |
| Vitis arizonica | 88 |
| Vitis arizonica hybrid | 6 |
| Vitis arizonica × V. rupestris | 6 |
| Vitis arizonica × V. vinifera | 1 |
| Vitis arizonica/candicans | 3 |
| Vitis arizonica/candicans × V. rupestris | 2 |
| Vitis arizonica/girdiana | 1 |
| Vitis berlandieri × riparia hybrids | 6 |
| Vitis berlandieri × V. rupestris | 4 |
| Vitis candicans | 9 |
| Vitis champinii × (V. solonis × V. othello) | 1 |
| Vitis cinerea | 7 |
| Vitis cinerea × V. berlandieri | 2 |
| Vitis girdiana | 9 |
| Vitis monticola | 1 |
| Vitis munsoniana | 3 |
| Vitis popenoei | 1 |
| Vitis rotundifolia | 58 |
| Vitis rotundifolia × V. rupestris | 1 |
| Vitis simpsonii | 1 |
| Vitis sp. | 76 |
| Vitis tiliaefolia | 1 |
| Vitis treleasei | 6 |
| Vitis vinifera | 25 |
| Vitis vinifera hybrid | 6 |
| Vitis aestivalis var. smalliana | 4 |
| Vitis aestivalis var. smalliana × V. simpsonii | 4 |
| Vitis aestivalis var. smalliana × V. vinifera | 1 |
| Vitis nesbittiana | 2 |
| Vitis rufotomentosa | 1 |
| Vitis shuttleworthii | 5 |
| TOTAL | 631 |
The most studied genera are Vitis, Citrus and Prunus (345, 175 and 58 records, respectively), confirming the important economic value of these crop plant species. New information on tolerant and resistant responses have been made available with reference to the Olea genus, which now gathers 25 records.
To the aim of this study, different tolerant/resistant response to X. fastidiosa infection has been grouped into 11 categories, as reported in Table 12. Those categories include the plant response/s for which the authors of the publication considered that plant as tolerant/resistant to X. fastidiosa infection. One hundred and twenty‐four publications, which match 631 records, for the most part (370) reporting artificial infections, return information on tolerance and resistance outcome to X. fastidiosa infection. In 43 publications, the authors consider the plant tolerant or resistant, but without adding further details, whereas in 22 publications (and 170 records), the plant is designated tolerant or resistant based on a lower bacterial population it harbours. In 163 cases, this finding comes from artificial infections. The lack of infection (78 records) and the lack or reduction of symptoms (76 records) are the two most reported tolerant/resistant outcomes in natural infections.
Table 12.
Number of records and publications for tolerance/resistance category
| Tolerance/resistance category | Number of records | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial infection | Natural infection | Infection not specified | Number of publications | |
| Lack of infection or negative reading | 42 | 78 | 14 | |
| Lack of systemic movement | 50 | 7 | ||
| Lack or reduction of symptoms | 74 | 76 | 11 | |
| Lack or reduction of symptoms – Lower bacterial population | 20 | 12 | 15 | |
| Lack or reduction of symptoms – Lower bacterial population ‐ Lower disease incidence | 2 | 2 | ||
| Lack or reduction of symptoms – Lower disease incidence | 2 | 1 | ||
| Lower bacterial population | 163 | 7 | 22 | |
| Lower bacterial population – Lower disease incidence | 3 | 3 | ||
| Lower disease incidence | 5 | 3 | ||
| Not persistent infection | 5 | 3 | 3 | |
| Reported as tolerant/resistant_no details | 16 | 24 | 49 | 43 |
| TOTAL | 370 | 212 | 49 | 124 |
4. Conclusions
Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to create, maintain and regularly update a database of host plant species of Xylella spp. This Scientific Report summarises the most interesting information reported in the new version of the database (Version 5).
An extensive literature search was performed including all scientific papers published up to 30 June 2021, as well as additional Europhyt outbreak notifications (last accessed on 17 September 2021).
By these searches, 41 publications were selected and informative data were extracted.
Nineteen host plant species, eight genera and two families were identified as new hosts of X. fastidiosa. Those plant species, genera and families were not previously reported as hosts of X. fastidiosa. All those new host plant species were naturally infected and identified in the EU (France, Portugal and Spain). The new host plants were found to be infected by the X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex or not identified subspecies (unknown/not reported in the study). Compared to the previous version of the database (EFSA, 2021), no new STs have been identified worldwide and no new data were retrieved for X. taiwanensis that, up to now, still remains reported only in Pyrus pyrifolia plants.
The overall number of Xylella spp. host plants now reach 407 plant species, 185 genera and 68 families for category A [i.e. plant species positive with at least two detection methods (among: symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation) or positive with one method (between: sequencing, pure culture isolation)], till 655 plant species, 293 genera and 88 families for category E (i.e. all positives plant species reported, regardless of the detection methods).
Information on tolerant/resistant status was reported for 70 plant species in 124 publications, with a total number of 631 records. The economically important Vitis, Citrus and Prunus genera are still the most studied and reported plant taxa, with a growing interest in resistance responses to X. fastidiosa infection in the genus Olea, following the massive outbreak in Salento, Italy.
In 2022, the EFSA database on Xylella spp. host plants will be updated twice with the aim to provide useful information and scientific support to risk assessors, risk managers and researchers dealing with Xylella spp.
Data are available as interactive reports on the Microstrategy platform at the following link: https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/microstrategy/xylella
Raw data and related metadata are published in Zenodo in the EFSA Knowledge Junction community, this report refers to Version 5 (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1339343).
Abbreviations
- DCF
Data Collection Framework
- EFSA PLH Panel
EFSA Panel on Plant Health
- ELISA
enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay
- EPPO
European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
- ETL
Extract Transform Load
- PCR
polymerase chain reaction
- S‐DWH
EFSA Scientific Data Warehouse
- ST
sequence type
Appendix A – Host plant species naturally infected
List of host plant species, naturally infected, of X. fastidiosa subsp. unknown (i.e. not reported in the publication), subsp. fastidiosa, subsp. fastidiosa/sandyi, subsp. morus, subsp. multiplex, subsp. pauca, subsp. sandyi, subsp. tashke and X. taiwanensis according to categories A, B, C, D, E (as reported in Section 2.4.2):
A. Plant species positive with at least two detection methods (among: symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation) or positive with one method (between: sequencing, pure culture isolation).
B. The same as point A, but also including microscopy: plant species positive with at least two detection methods (among: microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation) or positive with one method (between: sequencing, pure culture isolation).
C. Plant species positive with at least one detection method (among: symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation).
D. Plant species positive with at least one detection method including microscopy (microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation).
E. All positives plant species reported, regardless of the detection methods (positive records but without the detection method specified, symptom observations, microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing, pure culture isolation).
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Acacia saligna | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 2 | Acer rubrum | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 3 | Albizia julibrissin | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 4 | Amaranthus retroflexus | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 5 | Ambrosia psilostachya | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 6 | Ambrosia trifida | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 7 | Ampelopsis arborea | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 8 | Ampelopsis brevipedunculata | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 9 | Ampelopsis brevipedunculata var. hancei | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 10 | Asparagus acutifolius | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 11 | Baccharis halimifolia | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 12 | Baccharis sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 13 | Brassica sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 14 | Calicotome sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 15 | Callicarpa americana | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 16 | Carya aquatica | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 17 | Carya cathayensis | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 18 | Carya cordiformis | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 19 | Carya floridana | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 20 | Carya glabra | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 21 | Carya illinoinensis | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 22 | Carya laciniosa | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 23 | Carya pallida | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 24 | Carya palmeri | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 25 | Carya tomentosa | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 26 | Catharanthus roseus | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 27 | Cercis occidentalis | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 28 | Chamaecrista fasciculata | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 29 | Chionanthus retusus | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 30 | Chitalpa tashkentensis | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 31 | Cistus creticus | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 32 | Cistus sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 33 | Citrus aurantium | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 34 | Citrus celebica | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 35 | Citrus jambhiri | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 36 | Citrus limon | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 37 | Citrus medica | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 38 | Citrus natsudaidai | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 39 | Citrus paradisi | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 40 | Citrus reticulata | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 41 | Citrus sinensis | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 42 | Citrus sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 43 | Citrus tangerina | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 44 | Citrus x nobilis | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 45 | Citrus x tangelo | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 46 | Coelorachis cylindrica | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 47 | Coffea arabica | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 48 | Coffea sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 49 | Conium maculatum | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 50 | Digitaria sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 51 | Diospyros kaki | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 52 | Diplocyclos palmatus | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 53 | Dodonaea viscosa | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 54 | Euphorbia terracina | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 55 | Fagus crenata | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 56 | Fatsia japonica | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 57 | Ficus carica | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 58 | Fraxinus pennsylvanica | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 59 | Genista hirsuta | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 60 | Genista x spachiana | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 61 | Ginkgo biloba | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 62 | Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 63 | Grevillea juniperina | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 64 | Helianthus annuus | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 65 | Helichrysum sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 66 | Helichrysum stoechas | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 67 | Hemerocallis sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 68 | Hibiscus schizopetalus | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 69 | Humulus scandens | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 70 | Ilex vomitoria | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 71 | Iva annua | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 72 | Jacaranda mimosifolia | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 73 | Juglans sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 74 | Juniperus ashei | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 75 | Lagerstroemia indica | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 76 | Lagerstroemia sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 77 | Laurus nobilis | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 78 | Laurus sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 79 | Lavandula angustifolia | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 80 | Lavandula dentata | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 81 | Ligustrum lucidum | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 82 | Liquidambar styraciflua | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 83 | Lonicera japonica | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 84 | Lupinus aridorum | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 85 | Lupinus villosus | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 86 | Magnolia grandiflora | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 87 | Mallotus paniculatus | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 88 | Medicago sativa | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 89 | Mimosa sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 90 | Modiola caroliniana | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 91 | Morus alba | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 92 | Morus rubra | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 93 | Morus sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 94 | Myoporum insulare | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 95 | Myrtus communis | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 96 | Nandina domestica | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 97 | Neptunia lutea | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 98 | Nerium oleander | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 99 | Olea europaea | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 100 | Olea sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 101 | Parthenocissus quinquefolia | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 102 | Paspalum dilatatum | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 103 | Periwinkle (common name) | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 104 | Persea americana | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 105 | Phagnalon saxatile | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 106 | Phagnalon sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 107 | Phlomis italica | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 108 | Phoenix reclinata | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 109 | Phoenix roebelenii | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 110 | Pinus taeda | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 111 | Platanus occidentalis | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 112 | Platanus sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 113 | Polygala myrtifolia | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 114 | Prunus avium | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 115 | Prunus cerasifera | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 116 | Prunus cerasifera x P. munsoniana | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 117 | Prunus dulcis | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 118 | Prunus persica | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 119 | Prunus salicina | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 120 | Prunus sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 121 | Pyrus pyrifolia | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 122 | Pyrus sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 123 | Quercus coccinea | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 124 | Quercus falcata | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 125 | Quercus laevis | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 126 | Quercus laurifolia | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 127 | Quercus nigra | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 128 | Quercus palustris | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 129 | Quercus rubra | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 130 | Quercus sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 131 | Quercus velutina | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 132 | Quercus virginiana | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 133 | Ratibida columnifera | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 134 | Rhamnus alaternus | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 135 | Rhus sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 136 | Rubus hedycarpus subsp. procerus | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 137 | Rubus sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 138 | Salvia rosmarinus | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 139 | Sambucus canadensis | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 140 | Santolina chamaecyparissus | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 141 | Sassafras albidum | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 142 | Sassafras sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 143 | Setaria magna | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 144 | Solidago fistulosa | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 145 | Spartium junceum | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 146 | Stewartia pseudocamellia | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 147 | Symphyotrichum divaricatum | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 148 | Trifolium repens | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 149 | Ulmus americana | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 150 | Ulmus glabra | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 151 | Ulmus pumila | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 152 | Ulmus sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 153 | Vaccinium ashei | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 154 | Vaccinium corymbosum | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 155 | Vaccinium sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 156 | Vaccinium virgatum | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 157 | Vinca major | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 158 | Vinca minor | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 159 | Vitex agnus‐castus | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 160 | Vitis californica | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 161 | Vitis candicans | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 162 | Vitis labrusca | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 163 | Vitis labrusca x V. vinifera | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 164 | Vitis munsoniana | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 165 | Vitis muscadina | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 166 | Vitis riparia | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 167 | Vitis rotundifolia | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 168 | Vitis sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 169 | Vitis vinifera | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 170 | Acer saccharum | Xf subsp. unknown | B | ||||
| 171 | Cyperus eragrostis | Xf subsp. unknown | B | ||||
| 172 | Hevea brasiliensis | Xf subsp. unknown | B | ||||
| 173 | Prunus domestica | Xf subsp. unknown | B | ||||
| 174 | Sorghum halepense | Xf subsp. unknown | B | ||||
| 175 | Acacia longifolia | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 176 | Acer macrophyllum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 177 | Acer negundo | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 178 | Acer platanoides | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 179 | Acer sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 180 | Aesculus x hybrida | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 181 | Agathis australis | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 182 | Agrostis gigantea | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 183 | Alectryon excelsus | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 184 | Alternanthera ficoidea | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 185 | Amaranthus sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 186 | Anisantha diandra | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 187 | Anisantha rigida | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 188 | Arctostaphylos sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 189 | Artemisia douglasiana | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 190 | Atriplex sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 191 | Avena fatua | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 192 | Axonopus compressus | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 193 | Baccharis pilularis | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 194 | Bidens pilosa | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 195 | Boerhavia diffusa | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 196 | Borreria latifolia | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 197 | Brachiaria decumbens | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 198 | Brachiaria plantaginea | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 199 | Brachyglottis sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 200 | Bromus sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 201 | Broussonetia papyrifera | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 202 | Calicotome spinosa | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 203 | Calyptocarpus biaristatus | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 204 | Campsis radicans | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 205 | Capsella bursa‐pastoris | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 206 | Carex sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 207 | Celastrus orbiculatus | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 208 | Cenchrus echinatus | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 209 | Chenopodiastrum murale | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 210 | Chloris halophila | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 211 | Cistus monspeliensis | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 212 | Coffea arabica x C. canephora | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 213 | Coffea arabica x C. eugenioides | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 214 | Coffea arabica x C. liberica var. dewevrei | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 215 | Coffea arabica x C. racemosa | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 216 | Coffea canephora | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 217 | Coffea racemosa | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 218 | Coffea eugenioides | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 219 | Coffea kapakata | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 220 | Coffea liberica var. dewevrei | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 221 | Coffea stenophylla | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 222 | Commelina benghalensis | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 223 | Commelina erecta | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 224 | Convolvulus arvensis | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 225 | Coprosma repens | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 226 | Coprosma robusta | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 227 | Cordyline australis | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 228 | Cordyline sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 229 | Cornus florida | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 230 | Corokia cotoneaster | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 231 | Corokia macrocarpa | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 232 | Corokia sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 233 | Corynocarpus laevigatus | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 234 | Croton setigerus | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 235 | Cynodon dactylon | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 236 | Cyperus sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 237 | Cytisus scoparius | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 238 | Datura wrightii | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 239 | Digitaria horizontalis | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 240 | Digitaria insularis | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 241 | Digitaria sanguinalis | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 242 | Duranta erecta | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 243 | Dysphania ambrosioides | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 244 | Echinochloa crus‐galli | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 245 | Eleusine indica | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 246 | Erigeron canadensis | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 247 | Eriochloa contracta | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 248 | Eriogonum sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 249 | Erodium botrys | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 250 | Erodium moschatum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 251 | Erodium sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 252 | Escallonia bifida | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 253 | Eucalyptus sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 254 | Euphorbia hirta | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 255 | Facelis retusa | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 256 | Fragaria vesca subsp. californica | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 257 | Fraxinus angustifolia | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 258 | Fraxinus dipetala | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 259 | Fuchsia magellanica | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 260 | Genista lucida | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 261 | Geranium dissectum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 262 | Haloragis erecta | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 263 | Hebe sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 264 | Hedera helix | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 265 | Heliotropium fruticosum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 266 | Heliotropium indicum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 267 | Heterotheca grandiflora | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 268 | Hordeum murinum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 269 | Hydrangea paniculata | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 270 | Hypochaeris brasiliensis | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 271 | Ipomoea fistulosa | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 272 | Juglans regia | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 273 | Lactuca serriola | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 274 | Leonurus sibiricus | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 275 | Lepidium auriculatum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 276 | Lepidium didymum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 277 | Ligustrum sinense | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 278 | Ligustrum virginicum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 279 | Liriodendron tulipifera | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 280 | Lolium multiflorum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 281 | Lolium perenne | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 282 | Ludwigia grandiflora | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 283 | Malva parviflora | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 284 | Marrubium vulgare | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 285 | Medicago polymorpha | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 286 | Melicope ternata | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 287 | Melicytus ramiflorus | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 288 | Melilotus sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 289 | Melissa officinalis | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 290 | Merremia macrocalyx | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 291 | Meryta sinclairii | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 292 | Metrosideros excelsa | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 293 | Metrosideros sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 294 | Metrosideros kermadecensis | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 295 | Montiastrum lineare | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 296 | Myoporum laetum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 297 | Olea europaea subsp. sylvestris | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 298 | Origanum majorana | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 299 | Panicum acuminatum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 300 | Parthenocissus tricuspidata | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 301 | Paspalum urvillei | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 302 | Paspalum regnellii | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 303 | Passiflora foetida | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 304 | Pennisetum clandestinum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 305 | Persicaria lapathifolia | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 306 | Persicaria maculosa | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 307 | Phalaris angusta | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 308 | Phoenix sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 309 | Phormium colensoi | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 310 | Phormium tenax | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 311 | Pittosporum crassifolium | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 312 | Pittosporum eugenioides | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 313 | Pittosporum tenuifolium | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 314 | Pittosporum umbellatum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 315 | Plantago lanceolata | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 316 | Pluchea odorata | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 317 | Poa annua | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 318 | Polygonum arenastrum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 319 | Portulaca oleracea | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 320 | Prunus angustifolia | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 321 | Prunus laurocerasus | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 322 | Prunus serotina | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 323 | Prunus serrulata | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 324 | Prunus simonii × P. salicina × P. cerasifera × P. munsoniana | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 325 | Quercus agrifolia | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 326 | Quercus alba | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 327 | Quercus ilex | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 328 | Quercus imbricaria | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 329 | Quercus incana | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 330 | Quercus macrocarpa | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 331 | Quercus phellos | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 332 | Ranunculus repens | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 333 | Rhus diversiloba | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 334 | Richardia sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 335 | Rosa californica | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 336 | Rubus ursinus | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 337 | Rubus vitifolius | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 338 | Rumex crispus | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 339 | Salix sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 340 | Salsola kali subsp. tragus | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 341 | Sambucus cerulea | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 342 | Senecio grisebachii | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 343 | Senecio vulgaris | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 344 | Senna secundiflora | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 345 | Sida rhombifolia | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 346 | Silybum marianum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 347 | Sisymbrium irio | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 348 | Solanum americanum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 349 | Sonchus oleraceus | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 350 | Sonchus sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 351 | Sophora secundiflora | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 352 | Stachys arvensis | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 353 | Stellaria media | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 354 | Syzygium paniculatum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 355 | Talinum paniculatum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 356 | Taraxacum officinale | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 357 | Trifolium incarnatum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 358 | Urtica dioica subsp. gracilis | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 359 | Urtica urens | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 360 | Verbena litoralis | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 361 | Vernonia sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 362 | Veronica persica | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 363 | Veronica sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 364 | Vicia ludoviciana | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 365 | Vitex lucens | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 366 | Vitis arizonica | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 367 | Vitis girdiana | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 368 | Wisteria frutescens | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 369 | Xanthium spinosum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 370 | Citrus x limonia | Xf subsp. unknown | D | ||||
| 371 | Coffea liberica | Xf subsp. unknown | D | ||||
| 372 | Prunus americana | Xf subsp. unknown | D | ||||
| 373 | Prunus munsoniana | Xf subsp. unknown | D | ||||
| 374 | Prunus simonii | Xf subsp. unknown | D | ||||
| 375 | Solidago canadensis | Xf subsp. unknown | D | ||||
| 376 | Prunus armeniaca | Xf subsp. unknown | E | ||||
| 377 | Prunus hortulana | Xf subsp. unknown | E | ||||
| 378 | Prunus mexicana | Xf subsp. unknown | E | ||||
| 379 | Ulmus x hollandica | Xf subsp. unknown | E | ||||
| 380 | Vitis aestivalis | Xf subsp. unknown | E | ||||
| 381 | Vitis bourquiniana | Xf subsp. unknown | E | ||||
| 382 | Vitis cinerea | Xf subsp. unknown | E | ||||
| 383 | Vitis simpsonii | Xf subsp. unknown | E | ||||
| 384 | Vitis x champinii | Xf subsp. unknown | E | ||||
| 385 | Vitis rufotomentosa | Xf subsp. unknown | E | ||||
| 386 | Vitis shuttleworthii | Xf subsp. unknown | E | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Acer sp. | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 2 | Ambrosia artemisiifolia | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 3 | Calicotome spinosa | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 4 | Cercis occidentalis | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 5 | Cistus monspeliensis | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 6 | Citrus sinensis | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 7 | Coffea arabica | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 8 | Coffea canephora | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 9 | Coffea sp. | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 10 | Erysimum hybrids | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 11 | Ficus carica | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 12 | Genista lucida | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 13 | Juglans regia | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 14 | Lupinus aridorum | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 15 | Magnolia grandiflora | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 16 | Medicago sativa | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 17 | Metrosideros sp. | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 18 | Morus sp. | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 19 | Nerium oleander | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 20 | Pluchea odorata | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 21 | Polygala myrtifolia | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 22 | Prunus avium | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 23 | Prunus dulcis | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 24 | Prunus persica | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 25 | Prunus sp. | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 26 | Psidium sp. | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 27 | Rhamnus alaternus | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 28 | Rubus rigidus | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 29 | Rubus ursinus | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 30 | Ruta chalepensis | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 31 | Salvia rosmarinus | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 32 | Sambucus canadensis | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 33 | Sambucus sp. | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 34 | Spartium junceum | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 35 | Streptocarpus hybrids | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 36 | Teucrium capitatum | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 37 | Ulmus americana | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 38 | Vaccinium corymbosum | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 39 | Vinca major | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 40 | Vinca sp. | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 41 | Vitis aestivalis | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 42 | Vitis aestivalis hybrid | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 43 | Vitis californica | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 44 | Vitis candicans | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 45 | Vitis cinerea var. helleri × V. vulpina | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 46 | Vitis girdiana | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 47 | Vitis hybrids | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 48 | Vitis rotundifolia | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 49 | Vitis sp. | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 50 | Vitis vinifera | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 51 | Broussonetia papyrifera | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 52 | Quercus sp. | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 53 | Ulmus sp. | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Acacia cultriformis | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 2 | Acacia dealbata | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 3 | Acacia longifolia | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 4 | Acacia melanoxylon | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 5 | Acacia saligna | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 6 | Acacia sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 7 | Acer griseum | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 8 | Acer pseudoplatanus | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 9 | Acer rubrum | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 10 | Adenocarpus lainzii | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 11 | Alnus rhombifolia | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 12 | Ambrosia psilostachya | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 13 | Ambrosia sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 14 | Ambrosia trifida | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 15 | Ambrosia trifida var. texana | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 16 | Ampelopsis cordata | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 17 | Anthyllis hermanniae | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 18 | Periwinkle (common name) | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 19 | Arbutus unedo | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 20 | Argyranthemum frutescens | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 21 | Artemisia absinthium | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 22 | Artemisia arborescens | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 23 | Artemisia sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 24 | Asparagus acutifolius | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 25 | Athyrium filix‐femina | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 26 | Baccharis halimifolia | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 27 | Calicotome spinosa | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 28 | Calicotome villosa | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 29 | Callistemon citrinus | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 30 | Calluna vulgaris | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 31 | Carya illinoinensis | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 32 | Carya sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 33 | Celtis occidentalis | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 34 | Cercis canadensis | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 35 | Cercis occidentalis | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 36 | Cercis siliquastrum | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 37 | Chionanthus sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 38 | Cistus albidus | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 39 | Cistus creticus | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 40 | Cistus inflatus | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 41 | Cistus monspeliensis | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 42 | Cistus salviifolius | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 43 | Cistus sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 44 | Clematis cirrhosa | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 45 | Convolvulus cneorum | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 46 | Coprosma repens | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 47 | Coronilla valentina | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 48 | Coronilla valentina subsp. glauca | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 49 | Cytisus scoparius | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 50 | Cytisus sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 51 | Cytisus spinosa | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 52 | Cytisus villosus | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 53 | Dodonaea viscosa | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 54 | Echium plantagineum | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 55 | Elaeagnus angustifolia | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 56 | Elaeagnus x submacrophylla | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 57 | Encelia farinosa | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 58 | Erica cinerea | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 59 | Erigeron canadensis | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 60 | Erigeron karvinskianus | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 61 | Eriocephalus africanus | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 62 | Erodium moschatum | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 63 | Euryops chrysanthemoides | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 64 | Euryops pectinatus | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 65 | Fallopia japonica | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 66 | Ficus carica | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 67 | Frangula alnus | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 68 | Fraxinus americana | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 69 | Fraxinus angustifolia | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 70 | Fraxinus sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 71 | Genista corsica | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 72 | Genista ephedroides | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 73 | Genista scorpius | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 74 | Genista sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 75 | Genista tridentata | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 76 | Genista valdes‐bermejoi | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 77 | Genista x spachiana | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 78 | Ginkgo biloba | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 79 | Gleditsia triacanthos | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 80 | Grevillea juniperina | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 81 | Hebe elliptica | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 82 | Hebe sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 83 | Helianthus annuus | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 84 | Helianthus sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 85 | Helichrysum italicum | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 86 | Helichrysum sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 87 | Helichrysum stoechas | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 88 | Hibiscus syriacus | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 89 | Hypericum perforatum | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 90 | Ilex aquifolium | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 91 | Iva annua | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 92 | Koelreuteria bipinnata | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 93 | Lagerstroemia indica | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 94 | Lagerstroemia sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 95 | Laurus nobilis | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 96 | Lavandula angustifolia | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 97 | Lavandula dentata | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 98 | Lavandula latifolia | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 99 | Lavandula sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 100 | Lavandula stoechas | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 101 | Lavandula × heterophylla | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 102 | Lavandula × intermedia | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 103 | Lavatera cretica | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 104 | Liquidambar styraciflua | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 105 | Lonicera implexa | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 106 | Lonicera japonica | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 107 | Lupinus aridorum | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 108 | Lupinus villosus | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 109 | Magnolia grandiflora | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 110 | Magnolia x soulangeana | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 111 | Medicago arborea | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 112 | Medicago sativa | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 113 | Metrosideros excelsa | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 114 | Metrosideros sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 115 | Myoporum laetum | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 116 | Myrtus communis | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 117 | Nerium oleander | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 118 | Olea europaea | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 119 | Olea europaea subsp. sylvestris | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 120 | Olea sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 121 | Osteospermum ecklonis | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 122 | Pelargonium graveolens | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 123 | Pelargonium sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 124 | Perovskia abrotanoides | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 125 | Phagnalon saxatile | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 126 | Phillyrea angustifolia | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 127 | Phillyrea latifolia | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 128 | Phlomis fruticosa | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 129 | Pistacia vera | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 130 | Plantago lanceolata | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 131 | Platanus occidentalis | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 132 | Platanus sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 133 | Polygala myrtifolia | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 134 | Polygala × grandiflora nana | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 135 | Prunus armeniaca | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 136 | Prunus avium | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 137 | Prunus cerasifera | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 138 | Prunus cerasus | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 139 | Prunus domestica | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 140 | Prunus dulcis | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 141 | Prunus laurocerasus | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 142 | Prunus persica | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 143 | Prunus salicina | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 144 | Prunus sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 145 | Pteridium aquilinum | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 146 | Quercus coccinea | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 147 | Quercus falcata | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 148 | Quercus laevis | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 149 | Quercus macrocarpa | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 150 | Quercus nigra | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 151 | Quercus palustris | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 152 | Quercus phellos | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 153 | Quercus pubescens | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 154 | Quercus robur | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 155 | Quercus rubra | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 156 | Quercus shumardii | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 157 | Quercus sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 158 | Quercus suber | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 159 | Ratibida columnifera | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 160 | Retama monosperma | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 161 | Rhamnus alaternus | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 162 | Rhamnus sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 163 | Robinia pseudoacacia | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 164 | Rosa canina | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 165 | Rosa sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 166 | Rubus sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 167 | Rubus ulmifolius | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 168 | Salvia mellifera | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 169 | Salvia officinalis | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 170 | Salvia rosmarinus | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 171 | Salvia sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 172 | Sambucus nigra | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 173 | Sambucus sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 174 | Santolina chamaecyparissus | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 175 | Santolina magonica | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 176 | Sapindus saponaria | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 177 | Solidago virgaurea | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 178 | Spartium junceum | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 179 | Spartium sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 180 | Strelitzia reginae | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 181 | Ulex europaeus | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 182 | Ulex minor | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 183 | Ulex parviflorus | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 184 | Ulex sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 185 | Ulmus americana | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 186 | Ulmus crassifolia | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 187 | Ulmus sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 188 | Vaccinium ashei | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 189 | Vaccinium corymbosum | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 190 | Vaccinium sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 191 | Viburnum tinus | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 192 | Vinca major | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 193 | Vinca sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 194 | Vitex agnus‐castus | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 195 | Westringia fruticosa | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 196 | Xanthium strumarium | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 197 | Acer platanoides | Xf subsp. multiplex | C | ||||
| 198 | Calicotome sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | C | ||||
| 199 | Cistus x incanus | Xf subsp. multiplex | C | ||||
| 200 | Liriodendron tulipifera | Xf subsp. multiplex | C | ||||
| 201 | Polygala sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | C | ||||
| 202 | Polygala x dalmaisiana | Xf subsp. multiplex | C | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Acacia saligna | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 2 | Acacia sp. | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 3 | Amaranthus retroflexus | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 4 | Periwinkle (common name) | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 5 | Asparagus acutifolius | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 6 | Catharanthus roseus | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 7 | Euphorbia chamaesyce | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 8 | Chenopodium album | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 9 | Cistus albidus | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 10 | Cistus creticus | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 11 | Citrus sinensis | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 12 | Citrus sp. | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 13 | Coffea arabica | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 14 | Coffea sp. | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 15 | Dodonaea viscosa | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 16 | Eremophila maculata | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 17 | Erigeron bonariensis | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 18 | Erigeron sp. | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 19 | Erigeron sumatrensis | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 20 | Euphorbia terracina | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 21 | Grevillea juniperina | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 22 | Hebe sp. | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 23 | Heliotropium europaeum | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 24 | Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 25 | Hibiscus sp. | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 26 | Laurus nobilis | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 27 | Lavandula angustifolia | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 28 | Lavandula dentata | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 29 | Lavandula sp. | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 30 | Lavandula stoechas | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 31 | Myoporum insulare | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 32 | Myrtus communis | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 33 | Nerium oleander | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 34 | Olea europaea | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 35 | Olea europaea subsp. sylvestris | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 36 | Osteospermum fruticosum | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 37 | Pelargonium fragrans | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 38 | Pelargonium sp. | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 39 | Phillyrea latifolia | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 40 | Pistacia vera | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 41 | Polygala myrtifolia | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 42 | Prunus avium | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 43 | Prunus domestica | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 44 | Prunus dulcis | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 45 | Prunus sp. | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 46 | Rhamnus alaternus | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 47 | Salvia rosmarinus | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 48 | Salvia sp. | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 49 | Spartium junceum | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 50 | Ulex parviflorus | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 51 | Vinca minor | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 52 | Westringia fruticosa | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 53 | Westringia glabra | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 54 | Polygala sp. | Xf subsp. pauca | C | ||||
| 55 | Prunus persica | Xf subsp. pauca | C | ||||
| 56 | Quercus ilex | Xf subsp. pauca | C | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Morus alba | Xf subsp. morus | A | ||||
| 2 | Morus rubra | Xf subsp. morus | A | ||||
| 3 | Morus sp. | Xf subsp. morus | A | ||||
| 4 | Nandina domestica | Xf subsp. morus | A | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Coffea arabica | Xf subsp. sandyi | A | ||||
| 2 | Coffea sp. | Xf subsp. sandyi | A | ||||
| 3 | Hemerocallis sp. | Xf subsp. sandyi | A | ||||
| 4 | Jacaranda mimosifolia | Xf subsp. sandyi | A | ||||
| 5 | Magnolia grandiflora | Xf subsp. sandyi | A | ||||
| 6 | Nandina domestica | Xf subsp. sandyi | A | ||||
| 7 | Nerium oleander | Xf subsp. sandyi | A | ||||
| 8 | Polygala myrtifolia | Xf subsp. sandyi | C | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Chitalpa tashkentensis | Xf subsp. tashke | A | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Coffea arabica | Xf subsp. fastidiosa/sandyi | A | ||||
| 2 | Coffea canephora | Xf subsp. fastidiosa/sandyi | A | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Pyrus pyrifolia | Xylella taiwanensis | A | ||||
Appendix B – Host plant species artificially infected
List of host plant species, artificially infected, of X. fastidiosa subsp. unknown (i.e. not reported in the publication), subsp. fastidiosa, subsp. morus, subsp. multiplex, subsp. pauca, subsp. sandyi and subsp. tashke according to categories A, B, C, D, E (as reported in Section 2.4.2):
A. Plant species positive with at least two detection methods (among: symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation) or positive with one method (between: sequencing, pure culture isolation).
B. The same as point A, but also including microscopy: plant species positive with at least two detection methods (among: microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation) or positive with one method (between: sequencing, pure culture isolation).
C. Plant species positive with at least one detection method (among: symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation).
D. Plant species positive with at least one detection method including microscopy (microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation).
E. All positives plant species reported, regardless of the detection methods (positive records but without the detection method specified, symptom observations, microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing, pure culture isolation).
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Acer macrophyllum | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 2 | Acer negundo | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 3 | Aesculus californica | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 4 | Alnus rhombifolia | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 5 | Ambrosia artemisiifolia | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 6 | Ambrosia sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 7 | Periwinkle (common name) | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 8 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 9 | Artemisia douglasiana | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 10 | Baccharis pilularis | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 11 | Baccharis salicifolia | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 12 | Brassica nigra | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 13 | Carya illinoinensis | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 14 | Catharanthus roseus | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 15 | Citrus aurantiifolia | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 16 | Citrus clementina | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 17 | Citrus clementina × C. sinensis | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 18 | Citrus jambhiri | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 19 | Citrus reshni | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 20 | Citrus reticulata | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 21 | Citrus sinensis | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 22 | Citrus sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 23 | Citrus sunki | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 24 | Citrus unshiu | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 25 | Citrus × limonia | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 26 | Citrus × nobilis | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 27 | Coffea arabica | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 28 | Coffea sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 29 | Conium maculatum | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 30 | Coprosma repens | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 31 | Coriandrum sativum | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 32 | Cyperus eragrostis | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 33 | Echinochloa crus‐galli | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 34 | Fagopyrum esculentum | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 35 | Fraxinus latifolia | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 36 | Hakea petiolaris | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 37 | Hedera helix | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 38 | Lobularia maritima | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 39 | Medicago sativa | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 40 | Morus alba | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 41 | Morus sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 42 | Nerium oleander | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 43 | Nicotiana benthamiana | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 44 | Nicotiana tabacum | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 45 | Parthenocissus quinquefolia | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 46 | Persea americana | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 47 | Platanus occidentalis | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 48 | Populus fremontii | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 49 | Prunus cerasifera | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 50 | Prunus dulcis | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 51 | Prunus persica | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 52 | Prunus salicina | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 53 | Prunus sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 54 | Pyrus pyrifolia | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 55 | Quercus agrifolia | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 56 | Quercus lobata | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 57 | Quercus rubra | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 58 | Rhus diversiloba | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 59 | Rosa californica | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 60 | Rubus hedycarpus subsp. procerus | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 61 | Rubus rigidus | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 62 | Rubus ursinus | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 63 | Salix laevigata | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 64 | Salix lasiolepis | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 65 | Salvia apiana | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 66 | Salvia mellifera | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 67 | Sambucus canadensis | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 68 | Sambucus sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 69 | Spartium junceum | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 70 | Swainsona galegifolia | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 71 | Symphoricarpos albus | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 72 | Teline monspessulana | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 73 | Ulmus americana | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 74 | Umbellularia californica | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 75 | Urtica dioica | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 76 | Vaccinium corymbosum | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 77 | Vaccinium sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 78 | Vicia sativa | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 79 | Vinca major | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 80 | Vinca minor | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 81 | Vitis arizonica x V. rupestris | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 82 | Vitis arizonica/candicans x V. rupestris | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 83 | Vitis californica | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 84 | Vitis labrusca x V. vinifera | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 85 | Vitis rotundifolia | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 86 | Vitis rotundifolia x V. rupestris | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 87 | Vitis rupestris | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 88 | Vitis sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 89 | Vitis vinifera | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 90 | Morus rubra | Xf subsp. unknown | B | ||||
| 91 | Prunus domestica | Xf subsp. unknown | B | ||||
| 92 | Vitis arizonica/candicans | Xf subsp. unknown | B | ||||
| 93 | Vitis aestivalis var. smalliana | Xf subsp. unknown | B | ||||
| 94 | Vitis rufotomentosa | Xf subsp. unknown | B | ||||
| 95 | Ambrosia acanthicarpa | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 96 | Ambrosia trifida var. texana | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 97 | Amsinckia douglasiana | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 98 | Anisantha rigida | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 99 | Avena fatua | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 100 | Brachiaria plantaginea | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 101 | Bromus sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 102 | Callistephus chinensis | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 103 | Canna sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 104 | Ceratochloa cathartica | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 105 | Citrus deliciosa x C. sinensis | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 106 | Citrus medica | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 107 | Citrus tangerina | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 108 | Citrus x tangelo | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 109 | Clarkia amoena subsp. lindleyi | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 110 | Coprosma baueri | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 111 | Cotoneaster rotundifolius | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 112 | Cynodon dactylon | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 113 | Cyperus esculentus | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 114 | Cytisus scoparius | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 115 | Daucus carota subsp. sativus | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 116 | Digitaria sanguinalis | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 117 | Dysphania ambrosioides | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 118 | Epilobium brachycarpum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 119 | Epilobium ciliatum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 120 | Eragrostis diffusa | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 121 | Erodium cicutarium | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 122 | Fallopia convolvulus | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 123 | Grevillea alpina | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 124 | Helianthus annuus | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 125 | Hordeum murinum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 126 | Hordeum vulgare | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 127 | Iva annua | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 128 | Lactuca serriola | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 129 | Lathyrus cicera | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 130 | Lathyrus clymenum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 131 | Lathyrus sativus | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 132 | Leptospermum laevigatum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 133 | Lolium multiflorum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 134 | Lolium temulentum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 135 | Lonicera japonica | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 136 | Melilotus albus | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 137 | Melilotus albus var. annuus | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 138 | Melilotus indicus | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 139 | Melilotus officinalis | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 140 | Mentha sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 141 | Oenanthe sarmentosa | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 142 | Oenothera elata | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 143 | Olea europaea | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 144 | Parthenocissus tricuspidata | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 145 | Paspalum dilatatum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 146 | Pelargonium x hortorum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 147 | Pennisetum clandestinum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 148 | Pennisetum glaucum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 149 | Persicaria maculosa | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 150 | Phalaris minor | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 151 | Phalaris paradoxa | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 152 | Phleum pratense | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 153 | Photinia arbutifolia | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 154 | Pittosporum crassifolium | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 155 | Platanus sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 156 | Poa annua | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 157 | Poncirus trifoliata | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 158 | Reseda odorata | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 159 | Rheum rhaponticum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 160 | Rubus vitifolius | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 161 | Rumex crispus | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 162 | Sambucus cerulea | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 163 | Sonchus asper | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 164 | Sorghum halepense | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 165 | Sorghum x drummondii | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 166 | Syringa vulgaris | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 167 | Syzygium paniculatum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 168 | Trifolium fragiferum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 169 | Trifolium hybridum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 170 | Trifolium incarnatum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 171 | Trifolium pratense | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 172 | Trifolium repens | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 173 | Trifolium repens var. latum | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 174 | Urtica dioica subsp. gracilis | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 175 | Vicia monantha | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 176 | Vitis acerifolia | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 177 | Vitis aestivalis | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 178 | Vitis arizonica | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 179 | Vitis arizonica hybrid | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 180 | Vitis arizonica/girdiana | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 181 | Vitis arizonica/girdiana x V. rupestris | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 182 | Vitis berlandieri | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 183 | Vitis candicans | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 184 | Vitis cinerea | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 185 | Vitis cinerea x V. berlandieri | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 186 | Vitis girdiana | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 187 | Vitis labrusca | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 188 | Vitis lincecumii | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 189 | Vitis monticola | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 190 | Vitis munsoniana | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 191 | Vitis palmata | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 192 | Vitis riparia | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 193 | Vitis simpsonii | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 194 | Vitis tiliaefolia | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 195 | Vitis vulpina | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 196 | Vitis x champinii | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 197 | Vitis aestivalis var. smalliana x V. simpsonii | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 198 | Vitis bloodwothiana | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 199 | Vitis nesbittiana | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 200 | Vitis shuttleworthii | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 201 | Vulpia myuros | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 202 | Xanthium orientale | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 203 | (Prunus salicina x P. angustifolia) x (P. salicina x P. munsoniana) | Xf subsp. unknown | D | ||||
| 204 | Prunus angustifolia | Xf subsp. unknown | D | ||||
| 205 | Prunus avium | Xf subsp. unknown | D | ||||
| 206 | Prunus cerasifera x P. salicina | Xf subsp. unknown | D | ||||
| 207 | Prunus salicina x (P. salicina x P. cerasifera) | Xf subsp. unknown | D | ||||
| 208 | Vitis arizonica x V. vinifera | Xf subsp. unknown | D | ||||
| 209 | Chenopodium quinoa | Xf subsp. unknown | E | ||||
| 210 | Citroncirus webberi | Xf subsp. unknown | E | ||||
| 211 | Citrus macrophylla | Xf subsp. unknown | E | ||||
| 212 | Nicotiana clevelandii | Xf subsp. unknown | E | ||||
| 213 | Prunus armeniaca | Xf subsp. unknown | E | ||||
| 214 | Prunus hortulana | Xf subsp. unknown | E | ||||
| 215 | Prunus mexicana | Xf subsp. unknown | E | ||||
| 216 | Prunus mume | Xf subsp. unknown | E | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Amaranthus blitoides | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 2 | Ambrosia acanthicarpa | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 3 | Ambrosia artemisiifolia | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 4 | Catharanthus roseus | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 5 | Chenopodium quinoa | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 6 | Conium maculatum | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 7 | Convolvulus arvensis | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 8 | Cyperus esculentus | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 9 | Datura wrightii | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 10 | Echinochloa crus‐galli | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 11 | Erigeron canadensis | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 12 | Eriochloa gracilis | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 13 | Erodium moschatum | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 14 | Eucalyptus camaldulensis | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 15 | Eucalyptus globulus | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 16 | Helianthus annuus | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 17 | Ipomoea purpurea | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 18 | Lactuca serriola | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 19 | Malva parviflora | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 20 | Medicago sativa | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 21 | Nicotiana glauca | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 22 | Nicotiana tabacum | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 23 | Portulaca oleracea | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 24 | Prunus dulcis | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 25 | Prunus sp. | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 26 | Rubus ursinus | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 27 | Rumex crispus | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 28 | Simmondsia chinensis | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 29 | Solanum lycopersicum | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 30 | Solanum melongena | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 31 | Sonchus oleraceus | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 32 | Sorghum halepense | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 33 | Vaccinium corymbosum | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 34 | Vaccinium sp. | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 35 | Vicia faba | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 36 | Vicia sativa | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 37 | Vitis sp. | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 38 | Vitis vinifera | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 39 | Vitis vinifera hybrid | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 40 | Xanthium strumarium | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 41 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | B | ||||
| 42 | Dendranthema x grandiflorum | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 43 | Laurus nobilis | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 44 | Myrtus communis | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 45 | Olea europaea | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 46 | Prunus armeniaca | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 47 | Prunus dulcis x P. webbii | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 48 | Prunus persica | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 49 | Prunus persica x P. webbii | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 50 | Prunus webbii | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 51 | Rubus rigidus | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 52 | Sambucus canadensis | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 53 | Vinca major | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 54 | Vitis acerifolia | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 55 | Vitis aestivalis | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 56 | Vitis arizonica | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 57 | Vitis arizonica/candicans | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 58 | Vitis berlandieri | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 59 | Vitis californica | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 60 | Vitis candicans | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 61 | Vitis champinii x (V. solonis x V. othello) | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 62 | Vitis cinerea | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 63 | Vitis girdiana | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 64 | Vitis labrusca | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 65 | Vitis monticola | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 66 | Vitis riparia | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 67 | Vitis rupestris | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 68 | Vitis tiliaefolia | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 69 | Vitis treleasei | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 70 | Vitis vulpina | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 71 | Vitis × doaniana | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 72 | Vitis nesbittiana | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 73 | Vitis shuttleworthii | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 74 | Liquidambar styraciflua | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | E | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Acer rubrum | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 2 | Ambrosia artemisiifolia | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 3 | Carya illinoinensis | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 4 | Liquidambar styraciflua | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 5 | Medicago sativa | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 6 | Nicotiana tabacum | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 7 | Olea europaea | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 8 | Pistacia vera | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 9 | Platanus occidentalis | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 10 | Polygala myrtifolia | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 11 | Prunus cerasifera | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 12 | Prunus dulcis | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 13 | Prunus persica | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 14 | Prunus sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 15 | Quercus falcata | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 16 | Rubus fruticosus | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 17 | Rubus ursinus | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 18 | Vaccinium corymbosum | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 19 | Vitis vinifera | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 20 | Catharanthus roseus | Xf subsp. multiplex | C | ||||
| 21 | Prunus armeniaca | Xf subsp. multiplex | C | ||||
| 22 | Prunus persica x P. webbii | Xf subsp. multiplex | C | ||||
| 23 | Prunus salicina | Xf subsp. multiplex | C | ||||
| 24 | Prunus webbii | Xf subsp. multiplex | C | ||||
| 25 | Vaccinium sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | E | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Bidens pilosa | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 2 | Brachiaria decumbens | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 3 | Brachiaria plantaginea | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 4 | Catharanthus roseus | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 5 | Citrus reticulata | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 6 | Citrus sinensis | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 7 | Citrus sp. | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 8 | Citrus x nobilis | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 9 | Coffea arabica | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 10 | Coffea sp. | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 11 | Echinochloa crus‐galli | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 12 | Medicago sativa | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 13 | Nerium oleander | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 14 | Nicotiana clevelandii | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 15 | Nicotiana tabacum | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 16 | Ocimum basilicum | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 17 | Olea europaea | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 18 | Polygala myrtifolia | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 19 | Solanum americanum | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 20 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Xf subsp. pauca | B | ||||
| 21 | Periwinkle (common name) | Xf subsp. pauca | C | ||||
| 22 | Chenopodium album | Xf subsp. pauca | C | ||||
| 23 | Digitaria horizontalis | Xf subsp. pauca | C | ||||
| 24 | Prunus avium | Xf subsp. pauca | C | ||||
| 25 | Prunus dulcis | Xf subsp. pauca | C | ||||
| 26 | Salvia rosmarinus | Xf subsp. pauca | C | ||||
| 27 | Vitis vinifera | Xf subsp. pauca | C | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Morus alba | Xf subsp. morus | A | ||||
| 2 | Nerium oleander | Xf subsp. morus | A | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Catharanthus roseus | Xf subsp. sandyi | A | ||||
| 2 | Medicago sativa | Xf subsp. sandyi | A | ||||
| 3 | Nerium oleander | Xf subsp. sandyi | A | ||||
| 4 | Prunus dulcis | Xf subsp. sandyi | A | ||||
| 5 | Vinca major | Xf subsp. sandyi | A | ||||
| 6 | Nicotiana tabacum | Xf subsp. sandyi | C | ||||
| 7 | Vitis vinifera | Xf subsp. sandyi | C | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Nicotiana benthamiana | Xf subsp. tashke | C | ||||
Appendix C – Host plant species infected in unspecified conditions
List of host plant species, infected in conditions not specified (i.e. the kind of infection (natural or artificial) was not specified in the reference), of X. fastidiosa subsp. unknown (i.e. not reported in the publication), subsp. fastidiosa, subsp. multiplex, subsp. pauca and subsp. sandyi according to categories A, B, C, D, E (as reported in Section 2.4.2):
A. Plant species positive with at least two detection methods (among: symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation) or positive with one method (between: sequencing, pure culture isolation).
B. The same as point A, but also including microscopy: plant species positive with at least two detection methods (among: microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation) or positive with one method (between: sequencing, pure culture isolation).
C. Plant species positive with at least one detection method (among: symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation).
D. Plant species positive with at least one detection method including microscopy (microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation).
E. All positives plant species reported, regardless of the detection methods (positive records but without the detection method specified, symptom observations, microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing, pure culture isolation).
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ampelopsis arborea | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 2 | Catharanthus roseus | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 3 | Catharanthus sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 4 | Citrus jambhiri | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 5 | Citrus sinensis | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 6 | Coffea arabica | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 7 | Hibiscus schizopetalus | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 8 | Morus nigra | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 9 | Nerium oleander | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 10 | Prunus persica | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 11 | Prunus sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 12 | Sambucus canadensis | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 13 | Vitis munsoniana | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 14 | Vitis rotundifolia | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 15 | Vitis sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 16 | Vitis vinifera | Xf subsp. unknown | A | ||||
| 17 | Ambrosia sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | B | ||||
| 18 | Periwinkle (common name) | Xf subsp. unknown | B | ||||
| 19 | Acer sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 20 | Carya illinoinensis | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 21 | Citrus sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 22 | Prunus dulcis | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 23 | Prunus salicina | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 24 | Pyrus sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 25 | Teline monspessulana | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 26 | Vaccinium darrowii | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 27 | Vaccinium sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | C | ||||
| 28 | Prunus angustifolia | Xf subsp. unknown | D | ||||
| 29 | Vitis labrusca | Xf subsp. unknown | D | ||||
| 30 | Morus sp. | Xf subsp. unknown | E | ||||
| 31 | Nicotiana tabacum | Xf subsp. unknown | E | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Ambrosia artemisiifolia | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 2 | Lupinus sp. | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 3 | Prunus dulcis | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 4 | Sambucus sp. | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 5 | Vitis rotundifolia | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 6 | Vitis sp. | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 7 | Vitis vinifera | Xf subsp. fastidiosa | A | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Ambrosia trifida | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 2 | Morus sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 3 | Platanus sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 4 | Prunus cerasifera | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 5 | Prunus domestica | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 6 | Prunus dulcis | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 7 | Prunus salicina | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 8 | Quercus sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 9 | Rubus fruticosus | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 10 | Rubus sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 11 | Vaccinium corymbosum | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 12 | Vaccinium corymbosum x V. angustifolium hybrid | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 13 | Vinca sp. | Xf subsp. multiplex | A | ||||
| 14 | Liquidambar styraciflua | Xf subsp. multiplex | C | ||||
| 15 | Quercus laevis | Xf subsp. multiplex | C | ||||
| 16 | Quercus rubra | Xf subsp. multiplex | C | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Citrus sinensis | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 2 | Citrus sp. | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 3 | Coffea sp. | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 4 | Hibiscus fragilis | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 5 | Hibiscus sp. | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 6 | Nerium oleander | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 7 | Prunus domestica | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| 8 | Prunus sp. | Xf subsp. pauca | A | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Coffea arabica | Xf subsp. sandyi | A | ||||
| 2 | Nerium oleander | Xf subsp. sandyi | C | ||||
Appendix D – Xylella fastidiosa multilocus sequence types
Number of records for each plant species natural, artificial and infected in not specified conditions by different multilocus sequence types (STs). The records for natural infection are divided per country. In general, the subspecies and the STs are reported as in the publication. If the subspecies and/or the STs are inferred from another publication or obtained from personal communication of the author of the publication, a note is added in the genotyping comment column of the excel file available in Zenodo in the EFSA Knowledge Junction community (10.5281/zenodo.1339343). Abbreviations: AR (Argentina), BR (Brazil), CR (Costa Rica), EC (Ecuador), FR (France), HN (Honduras), IT (Italy), MX (Mexico), PT (Portugal), ES (Spain), US (United States of America).
| X. fastidiosa subspecies/sequence type | Natural Infection | Artificial Infection | Infection not specified | Grand Total | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AR | BR | CR | EC | FR | HN | IT | MX | PT | ES | US | Unknown | Total | Total | Total | ||
| fastidiosa | 22 | 19 | 60 | 124 | 225 | 169 | 9 | 403 | ||||||||
| ST01 | 18 | 60 | 100 | 178 | 168 | 2 | 348 | |||||||||
| Acer sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Amaranthus blitoides | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Ambrosia acanthicarpa | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Calicotome spinosa | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Catharanthus roseus | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Cercis occidentalis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Chenopodium quinoa | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Cistus monspeliensis | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Citrus sinensis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Conium maculatum | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Convolvulus arvensis | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Cyperus esculentus | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Datura wrightii | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Echinochloa crus‐galli | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Erigeron canadensis | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Eriochloa gracilis | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Erodium moschatum | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Eucalyptus camaldulensis | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Eucalyptus globulus | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Ficus carica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Genista lucida | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Helianthus annuus | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||||
| Ipomoea purpurea | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Juglans regia | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Lactuca serriola | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||||
| Malva parviflora | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Medicago sativa | 3 | 3 | 11 | 14 | ||||||||||||
| Metrosideros sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Nicotiana glauca | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Nicotiana tabacum | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Olea europaea | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Pluchea odorata | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Polygala myrtifolia | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Portulaca oleracea | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Prunus avium | 10 | 2 | 12 | 12 | ||||||||||||
| Prunus dulcis | 13 | 22 | 35 | 39 | 1 | 75 | ||||||||||
| Rhamnus alaternus | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Rubus ursinus | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Rumex crispus | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Ruta chalepensis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Sambucus canadensis | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Sambucus sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Simmondsia chinensis | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Solanum lycopersicum | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Solanum melongena | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Sonchus oleraceus | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Sorghum halepense | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Spartium junceum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Teucrium capitatum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Vaccinium corymbosum | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||||
| Vaccinium sp. | 5 | 5 | ||||||||||||||
| Vicia faba | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Vicia sativa | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Vitis aestivalis | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Vitis girdiana | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Vitis sp. | 2 | 31 | 33 | 1 | 34 | |||||||||||
| Vitis vinifera | 16 | 18 | 28 | 62 | 53 | 115 | ||||||||||
| Vitis vinifera hybrid | 9 | 9 | ||||||||||||||
| Xanthium strumarium | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||||
| ST02 | 18 | 18 | 7 | 25 | ||||||||||||
| Ambrosia artemisiifolia | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Coffea sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Vitis hybrids | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Vitis rotundifolia | 5 | 5 | 1 | 6 | ||||||||||||
| Vitis sp. | 5 | 5 | 5 | |||||||||||||
| Vitis vinifera | 4 | 4 | 5 | 9 | ||||||||||||
| ST03 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Lupinus aridorum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST04 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 6 | ||||||||||||
| Medicago sativa | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Vitis sp. | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| Vitis vinifera | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST17 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST18 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Vitis sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST19 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST20 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST21 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST33 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST47 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Vitis sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST52 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST54 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST55 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST56 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST57 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST59 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Vitis vinifera | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST60 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Vitis vinifera | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST61 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Citrus sinensis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| ST72 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST75 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea canephora | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST76 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| ST77 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| fastidiosa/sandyi | 3 | 1 | 4 | 4 | ||||||||||||
| ST72 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| ST75 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea canephora | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST76 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| morus | 24 | 24 | 24 | |||||||||||||
| ST29 | 9 | 9 | 9 | |||||||||||||
| Morus alba | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Morus rubra | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| Morus sp. | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| ST30 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |||||||||||||
| Morus alba | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| Nandina domestica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST31 | 6 | 6 | 6 | |||||||||||||
| Morus sp. | 6 | 6 | 6 | |||||||||||||
| ST62 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| Morus alba | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| multiplex | 5 | 95 | 55 | 65 | 150 | 203 | 573 | 52 | 16 | 641 | ||||||
| ST06 | 10 | 84 | 12 | 106 | 21 | 1 | 128 | |||||||||
| Acacia saligna | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Asparagus acutifolius | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Calicotome spinosa | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Catharanthus roseus | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Cistus albidus | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Cistus monspeliensis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Cistus salviifolius | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Genista scorpius | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Helichrysum italicum | 8 | 8 | 8 | |||||||||||||
| Helichrysum stoechas | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Laurus nobilis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula angustifolia | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula dentata | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula latifolia | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Medicago sativa | 4 | 4 | ||||||||||||||
| Nicotiana tabacum | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Olea europaea | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Phagnalon saxatile | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| Polygala myrtifolia | 2 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 7 | |||||||||||
| Prunus armeniaca | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus cerasifera | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Prunus domestica | 5 | 5 | 5 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus dulcis | 26 | 12 | 38 | 9 | 1 | 48 | ||||||||||
| Rhamnus alaternus | 6 | 6 | 6 | |||||||||||||
| Rubus ursinus | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Salvia rosmarinus | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| Spartium junceum | 8 | 8 | 8 | |||||||||||||
| Ulex parviflorus | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Vitis vinifera | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| ST06 and ST07 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Cistus monspeliensis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST06 and/or ST07 | 76 | 76 | 76 | |||||||||||||
| Acacia dealbata | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Acer pseudoplatanus | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Anthyllis hermanniae | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Artemisia arborescens | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Asparagus acutifolius | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Calicotome villosa | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Cercis siliquastrum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Cistus creticus | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Cistus monspeliensis | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Cistus salviifolius | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Coronilla valentina | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Cytisus scoparius | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Cytisus sp. | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Cytisus villosus | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Euryops chrysanthemoides | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Genista corsica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Genista ephedroides | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Genista x spachiana | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Hebe sp. | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Helichrysum italicum | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula angustifolia | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula dentata | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula sp. | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula stoechas | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula x heterophylla | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula x intermedia | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Medicago sativa | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Metrosideros excelsa | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Myrtus communis | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Pelargonium graveolens | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Pelargonium sp. | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Phagnalon saxatile | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Polygala myrtifolia | 7 | 7 | 7 | |||||||||||||
| Polygala sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus cerasifera | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus dulcis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus suber | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Rosa canina | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Salvia rosmarinus | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Spartium junceum | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Westringia fruticosa | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST07 | 7 | 65 | 6 | 24 | 102 | 16 | 118 | |||||||||
| Acacia longifolia | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Acacia melanoxylon | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Adenocarpus lainzii | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Artemisia arborescens | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Artemisia sp. | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Asparagus acutifolius | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Athyrium filix‐femina | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Calluna vulgaris | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Catharanthus roseus | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Cistus inflatus | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Cistus salviifolius | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coprosma repens | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Cytisus scoparius | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Dodonaea viscosa | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Echium plantagineum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Erigeron canadensis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Erodium moschatum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Frangula alnus | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Genista corsica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Genista tridentata | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Hebe sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Hibiscus syriacus | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Ilex aquifolium | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Laurus nobilis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula angustifolia | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula dentata | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula stoechas | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Lavatera cretica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Magnolia grandiflora | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Medicago sativa | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Metrosideros excelsa | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Metrosideros sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Myrtus communis | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Nerium oleander | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Nicotiana tabacum | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Olea europaea | 1 | 7 | 8 | 4 | 12 | |||||||||||
| Olea sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Pelargonium graveolens | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Plantago lanceolata | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Polygala myrtifolia | 5 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 8 | |||||||||||
| Prunus cerasifera | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Prunus dulcis | 4 | 9 | 13 | 4 | 17 | |||||||||||
| Prunus persica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Pteridium aquilinum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus robur | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus rubra | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus suber | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Rosa sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Rubus fruticosus | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Salvia mellifera | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Salvia officinalis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Salvia rosmarinus | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Sambucus nigra | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Spartium junceum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Strelitzia reginae | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Ulex europaeus | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Ulex minor | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Ulex sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Vinca major | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Vinca sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Vitis vinifera | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| ST08 | 13 | 13 | 13 | |||||||||||||
| Alnus rhombifolia | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Carya illinoinensis | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Platanus occidentalis | 7 | 7 | 7 | |||||||||||||
| Platanus sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus palustris | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Ulmus americana | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST09 | 28 | 28 | 2 | 30 | ||||||||||||
| Quercus coccinea | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus falcata | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Quercus laevis | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus nigra | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus palustris | 11 | 11 | 11 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus phellos | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus robur | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus rubra | 5 | 5 | 5 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus shumardii | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus sp. | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Rubus fruticosus | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| ST10 | 8 | 8 | 8 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus domestica | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus persica | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus sp. | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| ST15 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus cerasifera | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| ST22 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 4 | ||||||||||||
| Ambrosia psilostachya | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Ambrosia trifida | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| ST23 | 12 | 12 | 12 | |||||||||||||
| Acer rubrum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Ambrosia trifida | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Helianthus sp. | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Iva annua | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus rubra | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Ratibida columnifera | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Solidago virgaurea | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST24 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 8 | ||||||||||||
| Cercis occidentalis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Liquidambar styraciflua | 3 | 3 | 2 | 5 | ||||||||||||
| Prunus dulcis | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Ulmus crassifolia | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST25 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| Encelia farinosa | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| ST26 | 2 | 12 | 14 | 4 | 18 | |||||||||||
| Alnus rhombifolia | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus cerasifera | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Prunus domestica | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Prunus dulcis | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Prunus persica | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Prunus sp. | 8 | 8 | 8 | |||||||||||||
| Rubus fruticosus | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| ST27 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 8 | ||||||||||||
| Ginkgo biloba | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Lagerstroemia sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus cerasifera | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Prunus dulcis | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Prunus sp. | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| ST28 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 5 | ||||||||||||
| Ambrosia trifida | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Helianthus sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Iva annua | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST32 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Rubus fruticosus | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Rubus sp. | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| ST34 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus cerasifera | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST35 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Xanthium strumarium | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST36 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Prunus cerasifera | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Prunus sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST37 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Lupinus aridorum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Lupinus villosus | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST38 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Platanus occidentalis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST39 | 6 | 6 | 6 | |||||||||||||
| Koelreuteria bipinnata | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Liquidambar styraciflua | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST40 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 5 | ||||||||||||
| Prunus cerasifera | 3 | 3 | 1 | 4 | ||||||||||||
| Sambucus sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST41 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 8 | ||||||||||||
| Prunus domestica | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Prunus salicina | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Prunus sp. | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Ulmus americana | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Ulmus sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST42 | 16 | 16 | 3 | 19 | ||||||||||||
| Ambrosia trifida | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Sapindus saponaria | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Vaccinium ashei | 6 | 6 | 6 | |||||||||||||
| Vaccinium corymbosum | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Vaccinium corymbosum x V. angustifolium hybrid | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Vaccinium sp. | 5 | 5 | 5 | |||||||||||||
| ST43 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 7 | ||||||||||||
| Vaccinium corymbosum | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Vaccinium corymbosum x V. angustifolium hybrid | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Vaccinium sp. | 5 | 5 | 5 | |||||||||||||
| ST44 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus palustris | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus rubra | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST45 | 6 | 6 | 6 | |||||||||||||
| Acer griseum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Ampelopsis cordata | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Cercis canadensis | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Gleditsia triacanthos | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST46 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Celtis occidentalis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Chionanthus sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus armeniaca | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST48 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Sapindus saponaria | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST49 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST50 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Fraxinus americana | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Fraxinus sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST51 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 4 | ||||||||||||
| Periwinkle (common name) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Vinca sp. | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| ST58 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Ambrosia trifida | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| ST63 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus domestica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST67 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 6 | ||||||||||||
| Prunus domestica | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus salicina | 4 | 4 | ||||||||||||||
| ST79 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Polygala myrtifolia | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST81 | 60 | 1 | 61 | 1 | 62 | |||||||||||
| Acacia sp. | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Cistus albidus | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Clematis cirrhosa | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Ficus carica | 6 | 6 | 6 | |||||||||||||
| Fraxinus angustifolia | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Genista valdes‐bermejoi | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Helichrysum stoechas | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula angustifolia | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula dentata | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Olea europaea | 6 | 1 | 7 | 7 | ||||||||||||
| Olea europaea subsp. sylvestris | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| Phillyrea angustifolia | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Polygala myrtifolia | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus domestica | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus dulcis | 12 | 12 | 1 | 13 | ||||||||||||
| Rhamnus alaternus | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Salvia officinalis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Salvia rosmarinus | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| Santolina chamaecyparissus | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Santolina magonica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Spartium junceum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST82 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Vaccinium ashei | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| ST83 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Vaccinium ashei | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| ST87 | 55 | 55 | 55 | |||||||||||||
| Acacia dealbata | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Asparagus acutifolius | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Calicotome spinosa | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Calicotome villosa | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Cercis siliquastrum | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Cistus monspeliensis | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Cistus salviifolius | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Cistus sp. | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Cytisus scoparius | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Elaeagnus angustifolia | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Ficus carica | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Helichrysum italicum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Helichrysum sp. | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Laurus nobilis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula angustifolia | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula dentata | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Lonicera implexa | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Myrtus communis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Phagnalon saxatile | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Phillyrea latifolia | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Polygala myrtifolia | 6 | 6 | 6 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus dulcis | 5 | 5 | 5 | |||||||||||||
| Rhamnus alaternus | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Salvia rosmarinus | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Spartium junceum | 6 | 6 | 6 | |||||||||||||
| pauca | 6 | 127 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 354 | 20 | 3 | 526 | 189 | 23 | 738 | ||||
| ST11 | 52 | 52 | 14 | 3 | 69 | |||||||||||
| Catharanthus roseus | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Citrus sinensis | 22 | 22 | 4 | 3 | 29 | |||||||||||
| Citrus sp. | 29 | 29 | 29 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 4 | 4 | ||||||||||||||
| Coffea sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Nicotiana tabacum | 4 | 4 | ||||||||||||||
| ST12 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 6 | ||||||||||||
| Citrus sinensis | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||||
| Citrus sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| ST13 | 12 | 12 | 88 | 3 | 103 | |||||||||||
| Arabidopsis thaliana | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Bidens pilosa | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||||
| Catharanthus roseus | 14 | 14 | ||||||||||||||
| Citrus reticulata | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||||
| Citrus sinensis | 6 | 6 | 22 | 3 | 31 | |||||||||||
| Citrus sp. | 6 | 6 | 21 | 27 | ||||||||||||
| Medicago sativa | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||||
| Nicotiana clevelandii | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Nicotiana tabacum | 12 | 12 | ||||||||||||||
| Ocimum basilicum | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||||
| Periwinkle (common name) | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Solanum americanum | 4 | 4 | ||||||||||||||
| ST14 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 12 | ||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea sp. | 6 | 6 | 2 | 8 | ||||||||||||
| Prunus domestica | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Prunus sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| ST16 | 40 | 40 | 15 | 1 | 56 | |||||||||||
| Citrus sinensis | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 2 | 2 | 7 | 9 | ||||||||||||
| Coffea sp. | 17 | 17 | 1 | 18 | ||||||||||||
| Nicotiana tabacum | 6 | 6 | ||||||||||||||
| Olea europaea | 21 | 21 | 1 | 22 | ||||||||||||
| ST53 | 7 | 4 | 354 | 2 | 367 | 68 | 6 | 441 | ||||||||
| Acacia saligna | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Amaranthus retroflexus | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Asparagus acutifolius | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Catharanthus roseus | 2 | 2 | 7 | 9 | ||||||||||||
| Chenopodium album | 5 | 5 | 1 | 6 | ||||||||||||
| Cistus creticus | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Coffea sp. | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Dodonaea viscosa | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Eremophila maculata | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Erigeron bonariensis | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Erigeron sp. | 6 | 6 | 6 | |||||||||||||
| Erigeron sumatrensis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Euphorbia chamaesyce | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Euphorbia terracina | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Grevillea juniperina | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Hebe sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Heliotropium europaeum | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Laurus nobilis | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula angustifolia | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula stoechas | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Medicago sativa | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Myoporum insulare | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Myrtus communis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Nerium oleander | 5 | 17 | 22 | 7 | 4 | 33 | ||||||||||
| Nicotiana tabacum | 4 | 4 | ||||||||||||||
| Olea europaea | 1 | 231 | 232 | 33 | 265 | |||||||||||
| Osteospermum fruticosum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Pelargonium fragrans | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Pelargonium sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Periwinkle (common name) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Phillyrea latifolia | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Pistacia vera | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Polygala myrtifolia | 1 | 20 | 21 | 8 | 29 | |||||||||||
| Prunus avium | 8 | 8 | 3 | 11 | ||||||||||||
| Prunus dulcis | 9 | 9 | 4 | 13 | ||||||||||||
| Prunus persica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus ilex | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Rhamnus alaternus | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| Salvia rosmarinus | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Salvia sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Spartium junceum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Vinca minor | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Westringia fruticosa | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| Westringia glabra | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST64 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Citrus sinensis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST65 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Catharanthus roseus | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Citrus sinensis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST66 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST68 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST69 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 6 | ||||||||||||
| Citrus sinensis | 4 | 4 | 1 | 5 | ||||||||||||
| Olea europaea | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST70 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 | |||||||||||
| Catharanthus roseus | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Hibiscus fragilis | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Hibiscus sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| ST71 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus domestica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST73 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST73 and ST53 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST74 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| ST78 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus dulcis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST80 | 20 | 20 | 20 | |||||||||||||
| Acacia sp. | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Cistus albidus | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula angustifolia | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula dentata | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Olea europaea | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Olea europaea subsp. sylvestris | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Polygala myrtifolia | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus dulcis | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Salvia rosmarinus | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Ulex parviflorus | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST84 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Olea europaea | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| ST85 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Olea europaea | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST86 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Olea europaea | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| sandyi | 1 | 1 | 1 | 24 | 1 | 28 | 4 | 1 | 33 | |||||||
| ST05 | 24 | 24 | 4 | 28 | ||||||||||||
| Hemerocallis sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Jacaranda mimosifolia | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Magnolia grandiflora | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Nerium oleander | 21 | 21 | 1 | 22 | ||||||||||||
| Prunus dulcis | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Vinca major | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| ST72 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | |||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Coffea sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST76 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Coffea sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Polygala myrtifolia | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Grand Total | 6 | 132 | 34 | 4 | 100 | 1 | 409 | 20 | 65 | 230 | 375 | 4 | 1,380 | 414 | 49 | 1,843 |
Appendix E – References included in this update
List of the 41 references included in this fifth update of the Xylella spp. host plant database. Informative data listed in Table 5 were extracted from those references and added to the database.
Aguilar‐Granados A, Hernandez‐Macias B, Santiago‐Martinez G, Ruiz‐Medrano R, Kameyama‐Kawabe L, Hinojosa‐Moya J, Del Carmen Montes‐Horcasitas M and Xoconostle‐Cazares B, 2021. Genetic diversity of Xylella fastidiosa in Mexican Vineyards. Plant Disease, PDIS09201900RE‐PDIS09201900RE.
Amanifar N, 2020. Detection of Pierce's disease in some vineyards of Iran. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 56, fa1–fa15.
Asteggiano A, Franceschi P, Zorzi M, Aigotti R, Dal Bello F, Baldassarre F, Lops F, Carlucci A, Medana C and Ciccarella G, 2021. HPLC‐HRMS global metabolomics approach for the diagnosis of "olive quick decline syndrome" markers in olive trees leaves. Metabolites, 11.
Baro A, Montesinos L, Badosa E and Montesinos E, 2021. Aggressiveness of Spanish isolates of Xylella fastidiosa to almond plants of different cultivars under greenhouse conditions. Phytopathology.
Bassanezi RB and Primiano IV, 2021. Huanglongbing and citrus variegated chlorosis integrated management based on favorable periods for vector population increase and symptom expression. Plant Disease.
Bassanezi RB, Primiano IV and Moreira AS, 2021. Inoculum reduction and vector control on the temporal progress of citrus variegated chlorosis incidence. Pest Management Science, 77, 3333–3340.
Beal DJ, Cooper M, Daugherty MP, Purcell AH and Almeida RPP, 2021. Seasonal abundance and infectivity of Philaenus spumarius (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae), a vector of Xylella fastidiosa in California Vineyards. Environmental Entomology, 50, 467–476.
Camino C, Calderón R, Parnell S, Dierkes H, Chemin Y, Román‐Écija M, Montes‐Borrego M, Landa BB, Navas‐Cortes JA, Zarco‐Tejada PJ and Beck PSA, 2021. Detection of Xylella fastidiosa in almond orchards by synergic use of an epidemic spread model and remotely sensed plant traits. Remote Sensing of Environment, 260.
Castillo AI and Almeida RPP, 2021. Evidence of gene nucleotide composition favoring replication and growth in a fastidious plant pathogen. G3 (Bethesda, Md.).
Castillo AI, Bojanini I, Chen H, Kandel PP, De La Fuente L and Almeida RPP, 2021. Allopatric Plant Pathogen Population Divergence following Disease Emergence. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 87.
Castrignano A, Belmonte A, Antelmi I, Quarto R, Quarto F, Shaddad S, Sion V, Muolo MR, Ranieri NA, Gadaleta G, Bartoccetti E, Riefolo C, Ruggieri S and Nigro F, 2021. A geostatistical fusion approach using UAV data for probabilistic estimation of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca infection in olive trees. Science of the Total Environment, 752.
Castrignano A, Belmonte A, Antelmi I, Quarto R, Quarto F, Shaddad S, Sion V, Muolo MR, Ranieri NA, Gadaleta G, Bartoccetti E, Riefolo C, Ruggieri S and Nigro F, 2021. Semi‐automatic method for early detection of Xylella fastidiosa in olive trees using UAV multispectral imagery and geostatistical‐discriminant analysis. Remote Sensing, 13.
Di Masi S, De Benedetto GE, Malitesta C, Saponari M, Citti C, Cannazza G and Ciccarella G, 2021. HPLC‐MS/MS method applied to an untargeted metabolomics approach for the diagnosis of "olive quick decline syndrome". Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry.
Elbeaino T, Cara M, Shahini S and Pandeli P, 2021. Detection and phylogeny of viruses in native Albanian olive varieties. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 60, 165–174.
Europhyt notification n. −228 (Update 23).
Europhyt notification n. 1194 (Update 2).
Europhyt notification n. 1157 (Update 6).
Europhyt notification n. 470 (Update 1).
Europhyt notification n. 501 (Update 12).
Europhyt notification n. 753 (Update 12).
Europhyt notification n. 1527 (00).
Europhyt notification n. 1528 (00).
Europhyt notification n. 246 (Update 16).
Europhyt notification n. −124 (Update 28).
Falsini S, Tani C, Sambuco G, Papini A, Faraoni P, Campigli S, Ghelardini L, Bleve G, Rizzo D, Ricciolini M, Scarpelli I, Drosera L, Gnerucci A, Hand FP, Marchi G and Schiff S, 2021. Anatomical and biochemical studies of Spartium junceum infected by Xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex ST 87. Protoplasma.
Gabardo G, Silva CM, Silva HL, Iauchrowitz IM, Carvalho FC and Leite Junior RP, 2020. Selection of plum genotypes for resistance to leaf scald. Summa Phytopathologica, 46, 305–307.
Ge Q, Cobine P and De La Fuente L, 2021. The influence of copper homeostasis genes copA and copB on Xylella fastidiosa virulence is affected by sap copper concentration. Phytopathology.
Girelli CR, Del Coco L, Angile F, Scortichini M and Fanizzi FP, 2021. Olive cultivars susceptible or tolerant to Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca exhibit mid‐term different metabolomes upon natural infection or a curative treatment. Plants‐Basel, 10.
Gorris MT, Sanz A, Penalver J, Lopez MM, Colomer M and Marco‐Noales E, 2021. Detection and Diagnosis of Xylella fastidiosa by specific monoclonal antibodies. Agronomy‐Basel, 11.
Hilton A, Jeong M, Hsu JH, Cao F, Choi W, Wang X, Yu C and Jo YK, 2021. Thermal treatment using microwave irradiation for the phytosanitation of Xylella fastidiosa in pecan graftwood. PLoS ONE, 16.
Ingel B, Reyes C, Massonnet M, Boudreau B, Sun Y, Sun Q, McElrone AJ, Cantu D and Roper MC, 2021. Xylella fastidiosa causes transcriptional shifts that precede tylose formation and starch depletion in xylem. Molecular Plant Pathology, 22, 175–188.
Jlilat A, Ragone R, Gualano S, Santoro F, Gallo V, Varvaro L, Mastrorilli P, Saponari M, Nigro F and D'Onghia AM, 2021. A non‐targeted metabolomics study on Xylella fastidiosa infected olive plants grown under controlled conditions. Scientific Reports, 11.
Lázaro E, Sesé M, López‐Quílez A, Conesa D, Dalmau V, Ferrer A and Vicent A, 2021. Tracking the outbreak: an optimized sequential adaptive strategy for Xylella fastidiosa delimiting surveys. Biological Invasions.
Marco‐Noales E, Barbe S, Monterde A, Navarro I, Ferrer A, Dalmau V, Aure CM, Domingo‐Calap ML, Landa BB and Rosello M, 2021. Evidence that Xylella fastidiosa is the causal agent of almond leaf scorch disease in Alicante, mainland Spain (Iberian Peninsula). Plant Disease.
Mitre LK, Teixeira‐Silva NS, Rybak K, Magalhaes DM, e Souza‐Neto RR, Robatzek S, Zipfel C and Souza AA, 2021. The Arabidopsis immune receptor EFR increases resistance to the bacterial pathogens Xanthomonas and Xylella in transgenic sweet orange. Plant Biotechnology Journal.
Moya‐Hernandez SL, Hernandez‐Anguiano AM, Abel Lopez‐Buenfil J, Aranda‐Ocampo S and Aguilar‐Granados A, 2020. Identification of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa in cultivated and wild plants in Parras, Coahuila, Mexico. Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana, 43, 433–442.
Müller C, Esteves MB, Kleina HT, Nondillo A, Botton M and Lopes JRS, 2021. First sharpshooter species proven as vectors of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex in Prunus salicina trees in Brazil. Tropical Plant Pathology, 46, 386–391.
Riefolo C, Antelmi I, Castrignano A, Ruggieri S, Galeone C, Belmonte A, Muolo MR, Ranieri NA, Labarile R, Gadaleta G and Nigro F, 2021. Assessment of the hyperspectral data analysis as a tool to diagnose Xylella fastidiosa in the asymptomatic leaves of olive plants. Plants‐Basel, 10.
Silva DF, Amaral JC, Carlos RM, Ferreira AG, Forim MR, Fernandes JB, s Gracas Fernandes da Silva MF, Della Coletta Filho H and Souza AA, 2021. Octahedral ruthenium and magnesium naringenin 5‐alkoxide complexes: NMR analysis of diastereoisomers and in‐vivo antibacterial activity against Xylella fastidiosa. Talanta, 225.
Tatulli G, Modesti V, Pucci N, Scala V, L'Aurora A, Lucchesi S, Salustri M, Scortichini M and Loreti S, 2021. Further in vitro assessment and mid‐term evaluation of control strategy of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca in olive groves of Salento (Apulia, Italy). Pathogens, 10.
Zeilinger AR, Wallis CM, Beal D, Sicard A, Walker MA and Almeida RPP, 2021. Plant defense against a pathogen drives nonlinear transmission dynamics through both vector preference and acquisition. Ecosphere, 12.
Annex A – Links to data and interactive reports
Data are available as interactive reports on the Microstrategy platform at the following link: https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/microstrategy/xylella
Raw data and related metadata are published in Zenodo in the EFSA Knowledge Junction community, this report refers to Version 5 (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1339343).
Suggested citation: EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) , Delbianco A, Gibin D, Pasinato L and Morelli M, 2022. Scientific Report on the update of the Xylella spp. host plant database – systematic literature search up to 30 June 2021. EFSA Journal 2022;20(1):7039, 67 pp. 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7039
Requestor: European Commission
Question number: EFSA‐Q‐2017‐00218
Declarations of interest: The declarations of interest of all scientific experts active in EFSA’s work are available at https://ess.efsa.europa.eu/doi/doiweb/doisearch.
Acknowledgements: EFSA wishes to acknowledge the National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR‐IPSP), Bari, Italy, for the support provided to this scientific output in the context of grant GP/EFSA/ALPHA/2017/02 Lot 5 GA1 ‐ Specific agreement Nr. 5. EFSA wishes to thank Claude Bragard (Chair of EFSA Panel of Plant Health) for reviewing this Scientific report. EFSA also wishes to thank Esther Garcia Ruiz (trainee in Evidence Management Unit) for her support in the data collection and analysis.
Approved: 26 November 2021
Notes
References
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