Table 7. Summary of literature review.

Authors	Study Design	Participant Characteristics	Intervention	Results
Mehta et al., 2011	A school-based open-label exploratory study	n = 55  (Teacher assessments)	Duration: twice a week for 12 months.	Baseline Parent: median = 9, range = 4–20
		n=49/55 (Parent assessments)		Baseline Teacher: median = 13, range = 7–21
		Ages: 6-11		Teacher’s 6-week follow-up: median = 4, range = 1–9  (P < 0.0001 Wilcoxon signed rank test).
		ADHD types: 67.1% combined; 21.4% inattentive; 11.4% hyperactive/impulsive	Intervention: It is a peer-mediated interventional program consisting of yoga, meditation and play therapy maintained by trained high school student volunteers	Parent’s 5-week follow-up: median = 6, range 2–18 (P < 0.001 Wilcoxon signed rank test)
			Assessment methods: Parent and Teacher Vanderbilt Questionnaires were used	Parent’s 6-month follow up: median = 5, range = 0–18 (P < 0.001 Wilcoxon signed rank test)
				Teacher’s 1 year follow-up: median = 0.5, range = 0–14 (P < 0.0001 Wilcoxon signed rank test)
					Beart & Lessing, 2013	Exploratory study    Qualitative semi-structured interviews	N = 10 n=8 taking Ritalin (6) or Concerta (2) And n=2 taking no medication	Duration: 6 weeks, twice a week for 40-minute sessions	Qualitative results: “Less aggressive”, “improved self-esteem”, “more confident”, “calmer behaviour”, “improved concentration” etc.
							Age: 9 years old (n=7) And 10 years old (n=3)	Assessment methods: Children’s Apperception Test (CAT), the Lawrence Self-Esteem Questionnaire (LAWSEQ), Parent and Teacher interviews	Overall: the yoga intervention appeared to have had a positive effect on all participants, to varying degrees.
Harrison et al., 2004	An open trial treatment program	N = 48	Duration: 6-week programme for twice-weekly 90 minute sessions	Baseline ADHD symptoms were moderately high, M = 22.65, and varied across the 48 participants (SD = 4.36; range: 15–30).
		n= 31 receiving medication	Intervention: Non-drug adjunctive intervention using Sahaja Yoga Meditation	Post treatment ADHD symptoms: SD = 4.91, range 0–19 (35% improvement) (t = 8.23, p < .001)
		n=14 receiving no medication	Assessment Methods: Biobehavioural Indicators of Self-Esteem questionnaire, An abbreviated version of Burnett’s (1994) 40-item self-evaluation and self-description measure, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test – Third edition (PPVT-III), and child interviews	No medication (n=6) Mean score reduction after 6 weeks = 7.83, S.D. = 5.15
		n=3 unknown medical information		Medication (n=20) Mean score reduction after 6 weeks = 7.95, S.D. = 4.97
		Age: 4-12		Medication vs. no medication statistically not significant
				Reduced dosage (n=11) Mean score reduction after 6 weeks = 10.18, S.D. = 4.79
				No change of dosage (n=9) Mean score reduction after 6 weeks = 5.22, S.D. = 3.83
				Change in dosage vs. no change t = 2.51, p<0.02
Varambally et al., 2013	A hospital-based open-label exploratory study	N = 9	Duration: at least 8 days, six 1-hour sessions, monthly follow up for 3 months	The reduction was statistically significant for scores between baseline and discharge
		Age: 6-13	Intervention: The yoga program consisted of Sukṣmavyayāma (loosening exercises), Yogāsana (physical postures), Prāṇāyāma (breathing exercises) and meditation in the form of Nādānusandhāna (OM chanting)	P=0.014 on CARS
			Assessment Methods: ADHD rating scale-IV (ADHD-RS), Conners' abbreviated rating scale (CARS), and clinical global impression (CGI) Severity	P=0.021 on ADHD-RS
				P=0.004 on CGI
				There was no significant reduction in the scores during the follow-up. By the third month, scores were returning to baseline.
Cohen et al., 2018	Randomized waitlist-controlled trial	n = 23	Duration: Total 12 weeks (both groups)	At the 6 week follow up: Group 1 had faster reaction times on the KiTAP task (p = 0.01, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2371.1 to 259.1, d = 21.7) than Group 2.
				Group 1 had fewer distractibility errors of omission (p = 0.009, 95% CI, 214.2 to 22.3, d = 21.5) than Group 2
				Group 1 had more commission errors (p = 0.02, 95% CI, 1.4–14.8, d = 1.3) than Group 2
		Group 1: n=12 (practiced yoga first)	Intervention: home- and school-based children's yoga intervention.	Children in Group 1 with more severe symptoms at baseline showed improvement versus control on parent-rated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) hyperactivity-inattention (b=22.1, p = 0.04, 95% CI, 24.0 to 20.1)
				Children in Group 1 with more severe symptoms at baseline showed improvement versus control on inattention on the ADHD Rating Scale (b=24.4, p = 0.02, 95% CI, 27.9 to 20.9).
		Group 2: n=11 (practiced yoga second)	Assessment Methods: ADHD RS-IV Preschool Version18, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire19 (SDQ), Kinder Test of Attentional Performance (KiTAP), and heart rate variability (HRV) as a physiologic index of self-regulation.	HRV measures did not differ between groups.
		Age: 3-5