Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of diabetic patients with peripheral artery disease who were randomly assigned into the un-guided (Group I), the PFT-guided (Group II) group and those who refused intervention (Group III). These are compared with age- and sex-matched healthy participants (Group IV) recruited from the Northeastern Taiwan Community Medicine Research Cohort.
| Group | I | II | I vs. II | III | IV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Un-guided (n = 21) | PFT-guided (n = 24) | p | Medical (n = 19) |
Control (n = 64) |
|
| Sex, male (n, %) | 11(52.4%) | 16 (66.7%) | 0.15 | 15 (78.9%) | 42 (65.6%) |
| Age (years) | 63.0 ± 7.4 | 63.9 ± 6.3 | 0.44 | 63.7 ± 11.0 | 63.8 ± 13.3 |
| Body weight (Kg) | 68.9 ± 10.2 | 68.4 ± 15.4 | 0.60 | 63.2 ± 10.6 | 57.9 ± 6.7 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 65.4 ± 8.5 | 69.0 ± 6.8 | 0.23 | N/A | N/A |
| Smoking (%) | 0.336 | ||||
| Current | 12 (57.1%) | 13 (54.2%) | 7 (36.8%) | 28 (43.8%) | |
| None | 7 (33.3%) | 5 (20.8%) | 12 (63.2%) | 36 (56.2%) | |
| Quit | 2 (9.5%) | 6 (25.0%) | |||
| Co-morbidity | |||||
| DM | 21 (100%) | 24 (100%) | 1.00 | 19 (100%) | 0 |
| Hypertension | 15 (71.4%) | 15 (62.5%) | 0.32 | 12 (63.2%) | 0 |
| CAD | 6 (28.6%) | 7 (29.2%) | 0.54 | 10 (52.6%) | 0 |
| Old CVA | 3 (14.3%) | 2 (8.3%) | 0.27 | 2 (10.5%) | 0 |
| CKD stage 2–3 | 3 (14.3%) | 4 (16.7%) | 0.50 | 2 (10.5%) | 0 |
| Medications | |||||
| Aspirin | 16 (76.2%) | 10 (41.7%) | 0.034 | 13 (68.4%) | 0 |
| Cilostazol | 6 (28.6%) | 8 (33.3%) | 0.759 | 0 (0%) | 0 |
| Pentoxifylline | 3 (14.3%) | 6 (25.0%) | 0.469 | 0 (0%) | 0 |
| Acrabose | 3 (14.3%) | 4 (16.7%) | 1.0 | 3 (15.8%) | 0 |
| Thiazolidinedione | 0 (0%) | 2 (8.3%) | 0.491 | 1 (5.3%) | 0 |
| DPP4 | 15 (71.4%) | 9 (37.5%) | 0.036 | 3 (15.8%) | 0 |
| Sulfonylurea | 11(52.4%) | 16 (66.7%) | 0.374 | 4 (21.1%) | 0 |
| Metformin | 17 (81.0%) | 14 (58.3%) | 0.121 | 5 (26.3%) | 0 |
| SGLT2 inhibitor | 2 (9.5%) | 2 (8.3%) | 1.0 | 6 (31.6%) | 0 |
| Diuretics | 6 (28.6%) | 8 (33.3%) | 0.759 | 3 (15.8 %) | 0 |
| CCA | 12 (57.1%) | 14 (58.3%) | 1.0 | 6 (31.6%) | 0 |
| Beta-blocker | 11 (52.4%) | 15 (62.5%) | 0.555 | 10 (52.6%) | 0 |
| ACEI | 2 (9.5%) | 3 (12.5%) | 1.0 | 2 (10.5%) | 0 |
| ARB | 16 (76.2%) | 15 (62.5%) | 0.356 | 14 (73.7%) | 0 |
| Nitrate | 3 (14.3%) | 1 (4.2%) | 0.326 | 6 (31.6%) | 0 |
| Statin | 15 (71.4%) | 21 (87.5%) | 0.267 | 11 (57.9%) | 0 |
| Fibrate | 3 (14.3%) | 3 (12.5%) | 1.0 | 1 (5.3%) | 0 |
| Ezetimibe | 5 (23.8%) | 5 (20.8%) | 1.0 | 2 (10.5%) | 0 |
| Biochemistry data | |||||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 154.4 ± 28.8 | 160.5 ± 44.7 | 0.94 | 150.6 ± 26.4 | 199.7 ± 35.3 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 39.1 ± 11.6 | 42.2 ± 13.7 | 0.35 | 41.3 ± 9.4 | 62.8 ± 14.3 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 80.9 ± 23.9 | 92.3 ± 42.8 | 0.53 | 92.3 ± 24.5 | 126.7 ± 30.7 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 204.8 ± 126.5 | 149 ± 63.5 | 0.112 | 158.6 ± 100.4 | 96.9 ± 29.9 |
| Glycohemoglobin (%) | 7.99 ± 1.43 | 8.10 ± 1.82 | 0.84 | 7.24 ± 1.51 | 5.49 ± 0.31 |
| Fasting sugar (mg/dL) | 143.8 ± 39.3 | 140.7 ± 49.6 | 0.957 | 141.1 ± 60.9 | 90.0 ± 5.0 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.22 ± 0.54 | 1.66 ± 0.77 | 0.063 | 0.96 ± 0.29 | 0.87 ± 0.15 |
| ALT (U/L) | 22.5 ± 12.1 | 23.5 ± 16.1 | 0.92 | 22.4 ± 9.6 | 22.1 ± 5.9 |
Values are mean ± SD or n (%). DM, diabetes mellitus; CAD, coronary artery disease; CVA, cerebrovascular disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CCA, calcium channel blocker; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers; DPP4, Dipeptidyl peptidase 4; SGLT2, sodium/glucose cotransporter 2; HDL, high-density lipoproteins; LDL, low-density lipoproteins; ALT, Alanine Transaminase; PFT, platelet function test.