Table 1.
Overview of interictal ghrelin levels in adults with focal and generalized epilepsy. AG: acyl ghrelin; ASD: antiseizure drug; CBZ: carbamazepine; DAG: desacyl ghrelin; DR-TLE: drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy; PHT: phenytoin; Ref: reference; TLE: temporal lobe epilepsy; VPA: valproic acid. * the different ghrelin levels in epilepsy patients versus controls. ** the differences in generalized epilepsy versus focal epilepsy.
| ASD | Ghrelin Form | Controls (pg/mL) | * | Epilepsy Patients (pg/mL) | ** | Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Focal Seizures |
Generalized Seizures | ||||||
| VPA, PHT, CBZ | Total | 93 | ↑ | 234 | 134 | ↓ | [85] |
| VPA, PHT, CBZ | DAG AG |
DAG: 585 AG: 46 |
↓ | DAG: 439 AG: 35 |
DAG: 267 AG: 23 |
↓ | [80] |
| VPA, PHT, CBZ | Total | 700 | ↓ | 500 | 300 | ↓ | [81] |
| VPA | N/A | 381 | = | 364 (both types) | / | [83] | |
| VPA, CBZ | DAG AG |
DAG: 196 AG: 7 |
= |
DAG: 207-239, AG: 7-22 |
DAG: 250 AG: 8 |
= | [84] |
| N/A | DAG AG |
DAG 242 AG: 13 |
↑ |
DAG: 238 AG: 14.5 |
DAG: 245 AG: 19 |
↑ |
[86] |
| N/A | N/A | 1320 | ↓ | TLE: 1010 | DR-TLE: 910 | / | [82] |