Table 1.

Regulation of lung endothelial cell injury and repair by hypoxia-inducible factor signaling pathways. HIF target genes in ECs regulate multiple aspects of LEC injury, including EC–EC junction integrity, EC viability and permeability, and EC proliferation and regeneration. For abbreviations, see the main text.

HIF Isoform	Target Gene(s)	LEC Process	Effect	Reference
HIF-1	VE-cadherin	↓ Junction integrity	↑ Injury	[45]
HIF-1	N/A	↓ Cell viability	↑ Injury	[44]
HIF-1	N/A	↑ Cell permeability	↑ Injury	[46]
HIF-1	VEGF	↑ Cell permeability	↑ Injury	[47]
HIF-2	VE-PTP	↑ Junction integrity	↓ Injury	[51]
HIF-2	HGF	↓ EC loss	↓ Injury	[48]
HIF-2	β-catenin	↓ Autophagy	↓ Injury	[49]
HIF-2	N/A	↑ Cell viability	↓ Injury	[50]
HIF-2	Ang1/Tie2/Notch	↑ Cell viability	↓ Injury	[52]
HIF-1	FoxM1	↑ Regeneration	↑ Repair	[66]
HIF-1	Sox17	↑ Regeneration	↑ Repair	[67]
HIF-1	N/A	↑ Regeneration	↑ Repair	[70]
HIF-1	N/A	↑ Regeneration	↑ Repair	[71]
HIF-2	EPCR	↑ Fibrosis	↓ Repair	[72]