Figure 6.
NP-mediated photodynamic therapy in combination with various immune therapies, including vaccination, immune checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viruses (OVs), and adjuvants. The combination works to enhance the key factors of the immune-oncology cycle—antigen release, antigen presentation, APC activation, T-cell activation, T-cell infiltration, and antigen recognition—to kill primary tumor cells and overcome tumor recurrence and metastases.