Table 3.
Studies on blood selenium level and bone health.
| Author, Year [Ref] |
Setting/ Study Design |
Country | Number of Subjects | Case/Control Mean Serum Selenium Status |
Outcomes Considered | Results | +/- | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odabasi et al. 2008 [194] |
Case–control study | Turkey | 138 postmenopausal women |
Osteoporosis (n = 77) Control (n = 61) |
Se (ng/mL): 76.98 Se (ng/mL): 78.98 |
Trace element. With BMD. |
No significant difference between the osteoporosis and control group. | - |
| Arikan et al. 2011 [47] |
Case–control study | Turkey | 107 postmenopausal women |
Osteoporosis (n = 35) Osteopenia (n = 37) Healthy (n = 35) | Se (μg/L): 66.16 ± 12.1 Se (μg/L): 66.89 ± 15.5 Se (μg/L): 67.12 ± 11.6 |
Trace element. Lipid level. With BMD. |
No significant differences between the osteoporosis, osteopenia, and healthy groups. | - |
| Hoeg et al. 2012 [48] |
Population-based cohort study | Europe (OPUS study) |
1144 postmenopausal women |
Mean Se: 94.3 (μg/L) Mean SePP: 3.2 (mg/L) |
Se, SePP, TFT, bone turnover markers (OC, PINP, uNTX to Cr). With BMD. Vertebral, hip, nonvertebral fracture. |
Se and SePP statuses were inversely related to bone turnover markers. Positively correlated with BMD. Se and SePP statuses were not related to both non-vertebral and vertebral fracture. |
+ | |
| Beukhof et al. 2016 [195] |
Population-based cross-sectional study | The Netherlands | 387 elderly men |
Mean Se (μg/L): 91.9 Mean SePP (mg/L): 3.4 0.5% of subjects are Se-deficient |
Se, SePP. TFT. With total and femoral BMD. |
Se and SePP statuses were positively associated with total BMD and femoral trochanter BMD. | + | |
| Marta et al. 2021 [196] |
Cross-sectional, population-based cohort study | Spain (Hortega Study) |
1365 >20 yr adults |
Low BMD High BMD |
Se level: 82.8 μg/L Se level: 85.7 μg/L |
Se, As, and Cd. With calcaneus BMD and osteoporosis-related bone fractures (in >50 yr older subjects). |
Calcaneus BMD had non-linear dose–response; inverse below 105 μg/L and positive above 105 μg/L. Osteoporosis-related bone fractures show U-shape dose–response; positive above 100 μg/L, HR 2.25 (1.13–4.49). |
+ |
| Al-E-Ahmad et al. 2018 [197] |
Case–control study | Iran | 180 elderly adults |
Osteoporosis (n = 90) Healthy (n = 90) |
Se (μg/L): 57.58 ± 25.5 Se (μg/L): 81.09 ± 25.6 |
ALOX12 SNPs. Se level. With BMD. |
Se level was different among groups Positively correlation between serum Se and BMD. |
+ |
| Liu et al. 2009 [198] |
Cross-sectional study | China | 290 postmenopausal women |
Osteoporosis (n = 123) Osteopenia (n = 127) Healthy (n = 31) |
Se (mg/L): 0.067 ± 0.02 Se (mg/L): 0.069 ± 0.02 Se (mg/L): 0.065 ± 0.01 |
Serum macro-element and trace element. With BMD. |
No significant differences between the osteoporosis, osteopenia, and healthy groups. No correlation between BMD and selenium. |
- |
| Wang et al. 2015 [199] |
Case–control study | China | 91 elderly men |
Osteoporosis (n = 30) Osteopenia (n = 31) Healthy (n = 30) |
Se (ppb): 125.53 ± 22.8 Se (ppb): 144.88 ± 26.8 Se (ppb): 133.97 ± 29.0 |
Trace element. With BMD. |
No significant differences between the osteoporosis, osteopenia, and healthy groups. No correlation between BMD and selenium. |
- |
| Park et al. 2020 [200] |
Cross-sectional study | Korea | 1167 adults |
Low BMD group Normal group |
Se level: 0.05 μg/g Se level: 0.06 μg/g |
Hair Se. Quartile level. With BMD. |
Lower Se levels were associated with low BMD. | + |
Abbreviations: BMD: bone mineral density; DXA: dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; Se: selenium; SePP: selenoprotein P; TFT: thyroid hormone test; PINP: procollagentype I N-terminal propeptide; OC: osteocalcin; uNTX to Cr: urinary resorption marker N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen to creatine; SNPs: single nucleotide polymorphisms; OPUS study: Osteoporosis and Ultrasound Study; + means positive correlation with bone health; - means no significant correlation.