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. 2022 Jan 7;14(1):141. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010141

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(A) Preparation of core-shell lipid/PCL-PEI/siRNA with the aid of a three-stage microfluidic device [95]. (B) Schematic illustration of core-shell lipid/PEI-DNA nanoparticle preparation via flash nanocomplexation (FCN) using a confined impinging jet device (CIJ) and multi-inlet vortex mixer (MIVM) [96]. (C) Microfluidic HFF system used to produce biomimetic nanovesicles (Leukosomes) [102]. (D) Schematic of one-step microfluidic sonication method to assemble biomimetic core—shell NPs (exosome membrane (EM), cancer cell membrane (CCM), and lipid—coated PLGA NPs) [103].