Table 6.
A list of sub-peak ratios from the amide I band along with their method of determination and interpretation.
| Measurement | Methoda | Interpretation | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| % area at 1660 cm−1 | 2nd Deriv. / 8 to 13 sub-bands / GRAMS / 1600–1700 cm−1 or 1580–1720 cm−1 | Underlying sub-peak area at 1660 cm−1 correlated with the pyridinoline (PYD) content in collagen. (p < 0.01, r2 = 0.63). | 83 |
| 1660 cm−1 / 1690 cm−1 | 2nd Deriv. / 3 sub-bands / Matlab / 1650–1690 cm−1 | Ratio is 5% lower in the osteolytic vertebral bodies (VBs) than in the non-tumor bearing VBs suggesting metastasis but no significant difference in pyridinoline crosslinks by HPLC. | 131 |
| 1660 cm−1 / 1690 cm−1 | NSb/ 5 sub-bands / MATLAB / NS but sub-peaks at 1630, 1645, 1660, 1676, and 1690 cm−1 | No differences within intact tibiae and contralateral fracture calluses were detected between wild-type and Brtl/+ mice or with alendronate treatment, irrespective of side. | 144 |
| 1660 cm−1 / 1683 cm−1 | NS / NS / GRAMS / NS | β‐aminopropionitrile (BAPN) treatment, an inhibitor of enzymatic crosslinking, increased matrix maturity of new tissue in murine cortical bone but decreased the overall mature-to-immature crosslink ratio by HPLC. | 82 |
| 1660 cm−1 / 1683 cm−1 | NS / NS / GRAMS / NS | Four consecutive daily 5-Gy doses to the right hind limb of mice caused matrix maturity to be higher compared to non-irradiated limb. The relative difference in the ratio decreased from 1 week to 26 weeks post-irradiation. | 145 |
| 1660 cm−1 / 1690 cm−1 (~1666 & ~1686) | NS / 6 sub-bands / GRAMS / 1580–1710 cm−1 | Targeted radiotherapy (XRT) of rat bone lowered this ratio compared to non-irradiated controls, whereas in the amifostine-XRT treated group it remained largely unchanged. | 81 |
| 1656 cm−1 / 1684 cm−1 | NS / 4 sub-bands / NS / NS | Ratio significantly increased within 7-days in staphylococcus aureus infected bones suggesting an increase in the amount of the trivalent, non-reducible cross-links and a decrease in the reducible collagen crosslinks. | 80 |
| 1670 cm−1 / 1640 cm−1 1670 cm−1 / 1610 cm−1 1670 cm−1 / 1690 cm−1 | 2nd Deriv. / Intensity ratios of 3 sub-bands / NS / NS | Higher 1670/1640 cm−1and 1670/1610 cm−1 in 20-month BALB/c mice compared to 6-month mice, irrespective of gender, while the so-called matrix maturity 1670/1690 cm−1 was lower in old male mice (no significant age-related change in female mice). | 57 |
| 1660 cm−1 / 1685 cm−1 | 2nd Deriv. / 4 sub-bands, Deconv. Gauss-Lorentz func. / Peakfit / 1590–1710 cm−1 | Ratio significantly increased in ovariectomized rats compared to controls over 145 days post-surgery. | 146 |
| 1656 cm−1 / 1637 cm−1 | NS / 4 sub-bands / NS / 1575–1700 cm−1 | Ratio decreased as the MMR of the bone increased as follows: Red deer antler (1.7), Ovine femur (1.2), Fin whale bulla (0.6) | 63 |
| Peak Int. of 1660 cm−1, 1681 cm−1 | Deconv. Gauss-Lorentz func. / 4 sub-bands / Peakfit / 1590–1790 cm−1 | Relative intensity at a wavenumber (wn) = 1660 cm−1 or 1681 cm−1 decreased or increased, respectively, as the demineralization time (dt = minutes in 1.2% HCl) increased. Relative intensity at wn = 956 cm−1 decreased with demineralization time. Relative intensity at wn was intensity at wn at dt divided by the product of intensity of wn at dt = 0 and intensity of 2938 cm−1 at dt. | 147* |
| 1660 cm−1 / 1690 cm−1 | NS / 4 sub-bands / Peak Fitter / 1620–1700 cm−1 | Collagen maturity was lower in the formaldehyde fixed group at both 2 h and 6 h than in the unfixed group. | 148 * |
| 1670 cm−1 / 1640 cm−1 | 2nd Deriv./ NS / Labspec /NS | Ratio significantly increased when bovine cortical bone samples were boiled in water for 90–120 min. The ratio also significantly increased when extensive microdamage occurred at notched cortical bone samples loaded at 3 μm/s in tensile test until the emergence of damage zone at the notch tip. | 67 * |
| 1670 cm−1 / 1640 cm−1 | Gaussian func. / NS / Labspec / NS | Ratio increased at the fatigue site of cortical bone for all cyclic stress levels (25 to 55 MPa stress level with 10 increment). However, no significant difference in the ratio at the fatigue site between differing stress levels whereas the pooled-data from all non-fatigue and fatigue sites, regardless of stress level, detected ~ 4% increase in the ratio. | 99 * |
| 1668 cm−1 / 1638 cm−1, 1668 cm−1 / 1610 cm−1, 1668 cm−1 / 1690 cm−1 | 2nd Deriv., local maxima of difference spectrum (LMDS), Deconv./ 4 sub-bands / Labspec, MATLAB / 1575–1725 cm−1 | 1668 / 1638 cm−1 and 1668 / 1610 cm−1ratio decreased in both ribose and glucose treated samples having 0.1 and 0.5 M conc incubated for 4 and 16 weeks. Direct sub-peak identification method (2nd Deriv.or local maxima) was more sensitive to detective ratio changes as compared to the band fitting method (Deconv.) Glycation did not affect matrix maturity 1668 / 1690 cm−1 ratio. | 23 * |
| 1667 cm−1 / 1640 cm−1, 1667 cm−1 / 1690 cm−1 | NS / NS / NS / NS | 1667/1640 cm−1 ratio significantly increased when the cortical bone is baked to 200°C, also when boiled and pressure heated at 110°C. However, 1667/1690 cm−1 ratio decreased starting at 120°C to 200°C baking whereas increased in boiling and pressure heating starting at 110°C to 130°C | 42 * |
| 1665 cm−1 / 1685 cm−1 | NS/ NS / OriginPro / NS | Col2.3Δtk mice treated ganciclovir and pamidronate to create an adynamic bone condition had a higher collagen maturity ratio than control animals. Old adynamic mice had ~68% more collagen maturity compared to young adynamic mice (p < 0.001) and ~31% more compared to old control mice (p < 0.01). | 149 |
| 1660 cm−1 / 1690 cm−1 | Int. at specified wavenumbers? / NS / MATLAB / NS | Ratio decreased implying sequential treatment with an anti-resorptive followed by anabolic therapy followed by the anti-resorptive produced lower collagen maturity, compared to groups given any of anti-resorptive monotherapy. | 150 |
| 1670 cm−1 / 1640 cm−1 1670 cm−1 / 1610 cm−1 1670 cm−1 / 1690 cm−1 | 2nd Deriv. / i) Intensity ratios of 3 sub-bands ii) 4 sub-bands, Deconv. Gauss-Lorentz func. / MATLAB / 1590–1710 cm−1 | ~1670 / 1610 cm−1 and ~ 1670 / 1640 cm−1 negatively correlated with all three fracture toughness properties, whereas matrix maturity ratio does not correlate. Sub-peak parameters also correlated when acquired through research graded Raman system and optical probe-based Raman system. | 51 |
a
In sub-peak analysis of the amide I band, the method to identify the locations of sub-peaks / the number of sub-bands fitted / software used to fit the bands varies from study to study / wavenumber range of the amide I band.
b
Not specified