Fig. 4.

Feeding guild and species identity of first herbivore in sequence of multi-herbivore attack differentially affects performance of the fifth herbivore. Weight (mg) of Plutella xylostella larvae after feeding for five days from Brassica nigra plants attacked by a sequence of herbivory with the guild or the species identity of first attacker constant but changing the order of the subsequent attackers of the sequence. First attacker: a an aphid (A), b a chewer (C), c Brevicoryne brassicae (Bb) d Myzus persicae, (Mp) e Plutella xylostella (Px), d Athalia rosae (Ar). Boxplot height corresponds to the first and third quartiles (Q1 and Q3), and the middle line to the median. Asterisks show comparisons with significance differences *P < 0.05