Fig. 1. A drug-repurposing screen identifies multiple safe-in-human drugs that inhibit OC43 infection.

(A) Schematic of the screen. A549 cells expressing H2B-mRuby were infected with OC43 (MOI 0.3), treated with drugs, incubated for 4 days at 33°C, and stained for the viral nucleoprotein. (B) Screen results showing the percentage of OC43 staining of mock-infected cells (green), no-drug controls (black), drugs with no effect on OC43 infection (blue), and screen hits (red). Overall agreement between the two repeats is high [coefficient of determination (R²) = 0.81]. (C) Dose-response curves of remdesivir and the top hits from the screen; n = 3. Individual measurements are shown as semitransparent gray circles. (Note that some circles overlap.) Additional dose-response curves are shown in fig. S1.