Table 3.
Susceptibility of hemp composite to moisture.
| Fiber fraction | Matrix Type | Pretreatment | Processing technique | Saturated moisture uptake (%) | The slope (k) from Mt versus t1/2 plot | Diffusion coefficient (D) (10−9 m2/s) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hemp (5%) | Cyanate ester and benzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + Alkali | Compression molding | 2.35 | - | 5.89 | [100] |
| Hemp (5%) | Polybenzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + Alkali | Compression molding | 2.35 | 0.179 | 7.12 | [92] |
| Hemp non-woven mat (10%) | Unsaturated polyester | - | Compression molding | 3.441 | 0.102 | 1.551 | [101] |
| Hemp (10%) | Polybenzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + Alkali | Compression molding | 3.45 | 0.278 | 7.96 | [92] |
| Hemp (10%) | Cyanate ester and benzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + Alkali | Compression molding | 3.52 | - | 6.81 | [100] |
| Hemp (15%) | Cyanate ester and benzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + Alkali | Compression molding | 3.95 | - | 7.18 | [100] |
| Hemp (15%) | Polybenzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + Alkali | Compression molding | 4.25 | 0.349 | 8.27 | [92] |
| Hemp non-woven mat (15%) | Unsaturated polyester | - | Compression molding | 5.639 | 0.247 | 3.618 | [101] |
| Hemp (20%) | Polybenzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + Alkali | Compression molding | 4.99 | 0.419 | 8.65 | [92] |
| Hemp (20%) | Cyanate ester and benzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + Alkali | Compression molding | 5.10 | - | 8.27 | [100] |
| Hemp non-woven mat (21%) | Unsaturated polyester | - | Compression molding | 8.161 | 0.346 | 3.841 | [101] |
| Hemp (25%) | Polybenzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + silane | Compression molding | 4.47 | 0.247 | 9.71 | [94] |
| Hemp (25%) | Polybenzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + Alkali | Compression molding | 5.33 | 0.254 | 10.26 | [94] |
| Hemp (25%) | Polybenzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash | Compression molding | 7.06 | 0.297 | 11.67 | [94] |
| Hemp non-woven mat (26%) | Unsaturated polyester | - | Compression molding | 10.972 | 0.496 | 4.367 | [101] |
| Hemp (30%) | Polybenzoxazine | Cyclohexane/ethanol wash + Alkali | Compression molding | 6.49 | 0.481 | 10.2 | [92] |