Retraction Note: TGF-β signaling regulates neuronal C1q expression and developmental synaptic refinement

The corresponding author contacted the journal with concerns regarding the integrity of the data related to this Article. In follow-up experiments, key aspects of the published results that showed evidence that retinal TGF-βR2 signaling regulates neuronal C1q expression and developmental synaptic refinement could not be replicated. Most importantly, Figs. 6b and 7, from mice deficient in retinal TGF-β receptor 2 (Tgfbr2^−/−), were found to contain errors and the results could not be replicated in recent independent follow-up analyses. Moreover, C1q mRNA or protein is not reproducibly upregulated following acute (6–24 h) treatment of pure retinal ganglion cell (RGC) cultures with astrocyte-conditioned media (Fig 1b,e,f) or TGF-β (Fig 2e). Given these findings and other inaccuracies in the Article and Source Data we have since uncovered, the authors wish to retract it. We deeply regret these errors and apologize to our scientific colleagues.