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. 2022 Jan 24;11(3):313. doi: 10.3390/foods11030313

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effect of Le. Mesenteroides, Ll. curvatus, or Lp. plantarum-derived ECVs (LmV, LcV, or LpV)) on (A) the production of NO, (B) TNF-α, (C) IL-1β, and (D) IL-6 in LPS-stimulated microglial cells. Microglial cells were treated with LmV, LcV or LpV for 2 h prior to the addition of LPS (0.5 μg/mL), and the cells were further incubated for 24 h. Values are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 4) and those followed by different letters (a–f) within a property are significantly different (p < 0.05) according to Duncan’s multiple range test.

Effect of Le. Mesenteroides, Ll. curvatus, or Lp. plantarum-derived ECVs (LmV, LcV, or LpV)) on (A) the production of NO, (B) TNF-α, (C) IL-1β, and (D) IL-6 in LPS-stimulated microglial cells. Microglial cells were treated with LmV, LcV or LpV for 2 h prior to the addition of LPS (0.5 μg/mL), and the cells were further incubated for 24 h. Values are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 4) and those followed by different letters (a–f) within a property are significantly different (p < 0.05) according to Duncan’s multiple range test.